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“云”是怎么影响着每一位linux用户的？
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================================================================================
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### “云”简介 ###
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不论是报纸、在线资讯、播客、科技博客、科技门户网站，甚至是电台和电视。“云计算”永远都是人们津津乐道的主题。
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然而，因为“云计算”包含了太多的东西，现在并没有一个明确的定义，所以你认为“云计算”应该是什么呢？
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> **云计算** 过去常常被当做是网络计算的一个模型，网络计算就是把用户程序或者是应用运行在一个联网的服务器或是一个服务器集群，而不是像个人电脑、平板以及智能手机这一类运算设备。比如像传统的client-server (客户机-服务器模型) 和老一代的大型机，^[1] 用户通过连接服务器来执行一项任务。这和“云计算”是不同的，“云计算”是利用虚拟化的技术，把运算进程运行在一个或多个服务器上。利用虚拟技术，越来越多的物理化的服务器被配置和划分成多个独立的“虚拟”服务器，每个服务独立运行，对于用户来说，就像是运行在一个独立的物理服务器上一样。虚拟服务器本质上还是从他们的物理服务器中分离出来的，由于这种灵活的配置方式，使得人们可以按照意愿移动服务器和按比例分配资源而不影响最终的用户体验。计算机资源已成“颗粒”，给用户和管理人员提供方便，包括提供按需自助服务，支持更广泛的跨平台之间的访问，资源共享，快速重新部署，可被监控与量测服务。^[2]
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以上引用摘自维基百科。
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在过去，我们要么用哑终端连接大型电脑主机，要么近年来使用桌面电脑连接运行在内部服务器上的应用，就像网站连接数据库一样。
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现在，所有桌面、应用和服务器的管理都已经本地化，都需要来自它们所属公司的技术支持。
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然而这只对软件公司等少数的公司有利，却对其他的一些商业公司不利，比如说银行、保险公司和石油公司。信息技术公司没有银行的职能，就好像是做餐饮的钻不出地下的石油一样。
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大公司早已把很多服务外包给专业的公司。例如，让餐饮公司为他们的员工提供食堂，以及我们所熟知的离岸呼叫中心处理银行业务的客户电话。
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IT 行业的很多服务也逐渐转向外包，许多的技术支持和开发的业务都被打包给中国、印度、马来西亚和东欧。
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云计算与传统的典型模型有很大不同的一方面在于虚拟化，这种虚拟化的技术把服务运行于虚拟服务器上，服务器可以被放置在同一个地方或者是相隔千山万水，但是，这并不重要，你也不用担心，因为那不是你该担心的事情。
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> 现在，“云计算”已经成为云计算基础设施的简称。^[4] 这个术语来源于早年一些网络工程师用云状的符号表示那些对他们来说未知的网络。^[5] 后来，营销者普及了这个云的概念，指的是软件、平台和一些可以买卖的基础设施。比如，远程登录互联网。
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因此，这篇文章讲述了和云相关的所有，对于linux的用户来说，这意味着你想用它做什么和它能为自己做些什么，当然，这有可能也会给我们造成一些误区。
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从一个终端用户和家庭使用者的角度来看，云计算最基本的就是提供在线服务。
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所以，让我们来说一说云能到底能给每一位linux用户提供些什么有用的服务？
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### 电子邮件 ###
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当你读到这里的时候，如果你还没有一个电子邮箱，我只能说你OUT了。
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据PC杂志顾问统计分析，截至2014三月份，电子邮箱的用户最多的前六名分别是Outlook、GMail、Yahoo、icloud、AOL和GMX。
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### 办公套件 ###
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和电子邮件客户端一样，对于每个人来说，另一个最常用的工具之一就是办公套件。
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在以前，当人们刚刚进入电脑世界的时候，买一个电脑会带回一个超大型的机器和半打子CD，刻着几个没用的 Microsoft Works ( 微软工作软件 )。 (LCTT译注：Microsoft Works Mirosoft Works是微软的一种家用综合软件，它主要面向低端的家庭用户,提供基本的能提高生活效率的工具,比如提供简单的文档处理、数据库、电子表格的入门级办公包功能。) 微软工作软件是一个廉价，而且无用到几乎要被砍掉的微软office版本。
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而现在，你甚至不需要在你的电脑上安装任何的办公套件，即便是有LibreOffice和Kingsoft这样好的软件供选择。
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最好的选择当然是Google Docs和Office 365。对于Office 365能否很好的运行于Linux平台，这篇来自2012期专业电脑的文章似乎说明了这个问题。
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有人说这怎么可能呢，我不相信，所以，我注册并登录了Office 365，想看看到底是什么情况。
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注册，可以免费试用一个月，并且会赠送包括Word、Excel、和Outlook等一些在线应用。
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一切看起来都挺好，我打开了Microsoft Word，选择了一个模板来使用，当然根本就没有打开成功。
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Office 365 并没有很好的支持linux设备，况且，说实话，你也不需要这东西。so，咱们继续。
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Google Docs对于一般的办公支持非常完美，它能完成很多的事情，并且有很多的模板针对文字处理，演示工具，电子表格等。即使它始终也代替不了Excel，因为他并没有成百上千的开发人员为其创建宏和编写VBA脚本。
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另一个可供选择的办公套件是Zoho。
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和Google Docs一样，Zoho也包含有文字处理工具，演示程序，电子表格程序和电子邮件。
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此外，还有很多金融和客户管理系统。
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这个工具的界面看起来真的很简洁，很棒。
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它和Google Docs和Zoho这些在线服务一样，给予了人们相互协作的便利。
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很多文档被不同的人分享，然后在不同的地方被不同的人修改完善。
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这里会给出一些理由来帮助你从Google Docs和Zoho中选择一个适合你的办公套件。
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### 在线文件存储 ###
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Google Docs和Zoho给我们提供了其他一些很好的服务，就是很好的线上存储能力，你们可以线上存储很多文档和创建很多文件。
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也有一些其他的服务,比如说Dropbox,仅仅只提供在云存储服务。
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像Dropbox这样的云存储的好处是如果你的东西被偷了或者是不小心房子着火了，而这时，你仍然有一份离岸备份是安好无缺的。你仍然可以在任何地方获取你的文件。
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Dropbox对于前2G的容量是免费的，如果你还有更多的东西要存储，每天还有更多的事情要做，每个月只要9.9美刀，你就能拥有100G的存储空间，另外，Dropbox也提供商务版本，每个月15美刀。
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当然，并不是说Dropbox没有可替代的方案，这个网站也提供了很多很好的一些在线备份的方案。
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### 相册 ###
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自从有了数码照相机和智能手机，现在越来越多的人们利用存储卡来保存照片。
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我相信肯定有人因为电话坏了而丢失照片，因为他的照片是存储在电话上的，而不是其他的存储设备，甚至，有些因为丢失了电话而丢失了他们孩子的运动会照片或者是其他一些具有纪念意义的照片资料。
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丢失电话肯定不是什么好事情，如果你放机灵一点，情况可能要好一点，因为很多人的电话和email，facebook，Twitter的账户是同步的，甚至在线存储也是。
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当然，丢失手机时，我们可以更改以上那些账户的密码，可是丢失的照片却是再也找不回来了，这让人有一点点伤心。
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备份资料到电脑当然是一种很好的解决方法，不过要是你的笔记本哪天不小心坏了，你也只能变得一无所有，从头再来。
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在线照片存储的网站是一个很好的资源，因为他们不止要保证你的照片的安全，你也可以很方便的把照片分享给你选择的人。省去了那些把同样的照片做无数次的拷贝分别发给妈妈，奶奶，妹妹，阿姨和岳母等各种亲戚朋友的麻烦。
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我常用的一个是谷歌的Picasa相册工具，但是大家也可能听说过像Flickr这样的网络相册。
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Lifehacker给出了最好的5个网络分享的相册。
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请记住，他们仅仅是被称作相册分享工具，并不是说你一定要分享，你也可以自己保留他们。
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### 音乐 ###
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我得到的第一个唱片是20世纪80年代初“Adam and the Ants”的"Kings of the wild frontier"里的一个12英寸的碟子。
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在20世纪80年代后的很长一段时间里，唱片逐渐被磁带所取代，就好像是我积累了很多的磁带以后，磁带却被CD所取代。
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后来，成百上千的CD和MP3越来越普遍，直至成为了一种潮流。
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而音频流媒体始终也跟着潮流一起进步，比如像Spotify。
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Spotify是一个免费的软件，但是里面包含广告，对于使用的人们而言，它就像是一个你可以定制的私人电台，当然你也可以交月费来去除广告。
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Grooveshark和last.fm也有提供很多相似的服务。
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Techradar给出了7种Spotify的替代方案。
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### 电影 ###
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小飞象 (Dumbo) 是我最早在电影院看的一部电影。而我最早接触录像是“Krull”，它讲述了Dulph Lundgren的年轻时候的经历，录像的格式是Beta Max。(当时我的邻居就有一个) 。
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有一天，爸爸从收音机租赁处带回来一个录像机，我和我的姐姐就轮流去录像店租带子看。我清楚的记得，我第一次租的带子名字叫“黑洞”(The Black Hole)。
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直到有声电影的出现，你就不得不拿一个很大的东西来装电影带子，所以有些天才就发明了DVD，甚至是制造出了蓝光碟片。
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现在，流媒体已经充斥着我们生活的每一天，要是你有个牛X的网络就更完美了。
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其中，最出名的流媒体提供商是Netflix和Lovefilm (Netflix和Lovefilm都是在线的影片租赁公司)。
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linuxnews给了我们一些更好的选择来替代Netflix，因为并不是所有的服务都能无缝的在linux上工作，包括Netflix。
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### 游戏 ###
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继音乐，电影搬到线上以后，游戏也登上了在线的舞台。
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对游戏来说就要困难一些，因为音乐只占用很少的带宽，而电影的要求相对高一点，但是也仅仅是为了得到一幅清晰的画面。
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游戏始终需要很高的帧速支持，不然即使你手上有一个很好玩的游戏，可能也不值得去尝试。
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当前，很多游戏服务商都有提供基于云的游戏，包括OnLive和StreamMyGame也有提供。
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linuxnews给出了6个和OnLive竞争的游戏服务提供商。
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### 争议 ###
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云计算也并不是没有争议。
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首先，最大的问题就是安全问题，如果有人进入了你的在线存储空间和你的电子邮箱，并盗取了你的个人信息。
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那么在线存储你都会存些什么呢？像Megaupload.com这样的网站，上面都有很多有价值的客户资料。
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Megaupload.com这个网站本来提供的大容量文件的存储，而问题却是，很多人用它来分享一些有版权的资料，美国的当局就不依不饶的下来检查，所以这个服务被迫关掉了。
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现在，因为很多人丢失了资料，当局的这样做也是无可厚非的，但是对于那些没有做错事的人来说，他们的数据资料也丢失了，美国当局拒绝还给本人。
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最后给出了一个服务正在维护的答复，如果你的电子邮件停了一天你能应付，那么3天呢？甚至是一个月你还能应付得了吗，那么你也就只能任由服务提供商摆布了。
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很多大公司已经取回了丢失的数据，但是仍然有很多心脏病漏洞(openssl的heartbleed安全漏洞)的消息在，这是ssl应用多年中发现的一个重大的安全漏洞。
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所以说，如果你用了别人提供的在线服务，那么你必须信赖他们技术支持人员，你也必须相信他们不会出现被黑客攻击，硬件故障，缺乏备份和无法恢复系统这样的情况。
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### 总结 ###
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现在云计算早已成了充斥着在线服务的主题，你的浏览器就是一个客户端，连接世界上任意一个地方的服务器或者是服务器集群。重点是你没必要去关注，而且你也不需要知道。
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一般来说，我们仅仅触及的是它的表面，所有我们每天接触到的云，对于我们大多数人来说甚至都不用去关注它。
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至于说云到底是怎样影响着每一位linux用户，事实去证明是有很多的。
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云到底是好是坏？又或许什么都不是。每一种服务的好坏都要看它的优势。
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或许云仅仅是营销人员炒起来的一个概念，也只会让技术新闻感到兴奋。是否还有人记得我们一直在用的“Web 2.0”？
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感谢您的阅读。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxnews.pro/how-does-the-cloud-affect-the-everyday-linux-user/
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译者：[barney-ro](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
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Ubuntu商城有了一款 Ubuntu Touch 的 BT 客户端了
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================================================================================
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**Ubuntu触屏平台已经拥有许多有趣应用程序，甚至看起来很多开发者已经开始实现许多超乎期望的软件，像BT客户端就是个很好的例子。**
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Ubuntu触屏设备的应用商店在过去几个月一直平稳增长并增添了许多有趣的应用程序。其中大多数都已经满足操作系统的基本需求，但也有不少远远超出普通用户的需求。
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你会发现在大多数手机中BT客户端并不是必备的东西。Android和Windows手机已经已经有这类的应用程序，看起来Ubuntu也将是支持的平台之一。Ubuntu开发者[Alan Pope][1]公布了一张正在为Ubuntu平台开发的应用程序的截图，该程序命名为DowNow。
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这是一个相对较新的应用程序，而且仍然在开发中，你可以在Launchpad点击DowNow 0.3安装包，如果你想要获得更多详情，你也可以从Ubuntu软件中心下载。
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目前，只有Nexus4和Nexus7设备支持，如果你想要在更多手机上尝试Ubuntu，也许还要等待几个月。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Touch-Now-Has-a-Torrent-Clinent-in-the-Ubuntu-Store-457538.shtml
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||||
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
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译者：[disylee](https://github.com/disylee)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
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||||
[1]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AlanPope/posts/Ej3vKVxBum8
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62
published/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md
Normal file
62
published/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
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开源女巫狩猎归来！
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================================================================================
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> 开源软件社区已经做出了改变，就像之前的美好时光。
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||||
|
||||
开源已经变的温和了，之前我们有过各种不同的思潮，但是最近我们对分享代码和创新却有种奇怪的迷恋。
|
||||
|
||||
幸运的是，这一系列的使用主义注定要结束了。在过去的一段时间里，我们团结在Mozilla身边支持DRM版权保护以及嘲笑Red Hat和OpenStack之间的竞争。开源社区那些年仅有的几个开源软件明星和[Open Core 这种商业模式][1]产生了冲突而被反噬了。
|
||||
|
||||
噢，怎么变成这样了！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Red Hat 退回到2003年 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat，开源软件理想主义的典范，在几周前拒绝支持它的竞争对手。Jodi Mardesich[出色的][2]揭露了真相，而Red Hat在努力辩护，这个真相就是：
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat不想支持它的竞争对手，它的OpenStack的竞争对手也不想这样做。
|
||||
|
||||
在另外世界上这算是新闻吗？
|
||||
|
||||
### Mozilla变成了麻瓜 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat作为开源软件理想主义的典范代表很容易成为各种带颜色攻击的目标，Mozilla其实是更大的一个目标。
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla致力于为用户服务，它最近进行了一场自我牺牲似的CEO 下台，同意加入DRM的技术，即纯Firefox浏览器源码可以使用户观看视频。
|
||||
|
||||
人们想看视频，Mozilla倾向于在它的浏览器中观看。
|
||||
|
||||
总是找到别人的思想滑坡的问题，开源软件组织[批评了][3] Mozilla，深切表达了自己对于Mozilla的失望，因为这种“为减轻市场份额的流失而妥协重要原则的决定”令人担忧。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，Mozilla为什么要做这样的傻事呢，为了用户，你懂的。
|
||||
|
||||
抛开道德说教的部分不说，[电子前沿基金会哀叹][4]，“开放网络最后的抗争已经失败了”。它对Mozilla投降的做法争论道：“接受DRM会改变这个行业”！DRM的倡导者一再妥协，一个公司又一个公司(PC行业)演变成一个行业，它通过锁定装置，监视器，接受每一个人的管理建立自己的利益关系。
|
||||
|
||||
[Mitchell Bake解释道][5]，Mozilla可能并没有投降：“Firefox用户会需要使用另外的浏览器来观看他们自己想看的视频，这会让人怀疑Firfox做一一个产品是否真的有用”。
|
||||
|
||||
嗯，好吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 回到我们的思想源头 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们或许希望其它人都按照我们的想法来，但事实上他们却有着不同的考虑。免费的软件让步给更加务实的开源软件，认为只有“不二法门”的想法也逐渐消亡了。
|
||||
|
||||
这种意识在目前还是有用的，但它并不总是方便和舒服。我崇尚开源软件的实用主义和Apache软件基金会，这样有很大的好处提醒GPL组织在意识形态上的危机感。软件自由真的很重要。
|
||||
|
||||
这么多悲观的言论，我自己也感到了恐惧，希望回到一个不断会自我鞭策的免费的开软软件的组织。这使开源软件协作变少而且更难驾驭，但是会变得更有力而且关乎未来。
|
||||
|
||||
（译者注：本文来源于一篇国外的杂文，译者和校对在翻译时感觉颇为吃力，因此肯定有大量谬误和不足，敬请大家谅解，或提出指正。虽然这篇文章说的事情已经过去了一段时间了，但是其反映的问题和潜伏的暗流也许影响更为深远。）
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-redhat#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEYDhxfP0Qv5hE
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_core
|
||||
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/05/16/red-hat-openstack-mirantis-rhel-support
|
||||
[3]:http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management
|
||||
[4]:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/05/mozilla-and-drm
|
||||
[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/
|
||||
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
||||
disylee占个坑！来翻译了！
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch Now Has a Torrent Client in the Ubuntu Store
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The Ubuntu Touch platform is already the host of many interesting applications, and it looks like the developers have started to implement software that goes beyond what you might expect, like a torrent client for example.**
|
||||
|
||||
The app store for Ubuntu Touch has been growing steadily over the past few months and interesting applications are added all the time. Most of them are covering some of the basic needs of the operating system, but there are quite a few that go well beyond regular users’ needs.
|
||||
|
||||
A torrent client is not something that you will find on most phones. Android and Windows Phone already have this kind of apps and it looks like Ubuntu is now one of those platforms. Ubuntu developer [Alan Pope][1] posted a screenshot with a new application that's being developed for the Ubuntu platforms called DowNow.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a relatively new application and it's still under development. You can find the click package for DowNow 0.3 in Launchpad, if you want to take a closer look, or you can download from Ubuntu Software Center.
|
||||
|
||||
For now, the only supported devices are Nexus 4 and Nexus 7, if you want to test Ubuntu for phones, but that might change in the coming months.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Touch-Now-Has-a-Torrent-Clinent-in-the-Ubuntu-Store-457538.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
|
||||
[1]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AlanPope/posts/Ej3vKVxBum8
|
||||
@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
|
||||
barney-ro translating
|
||||
|
||||
How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Introduction ###
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud computing is one of those terms you hear about and see all the time whether it is in the national newspapers, online news websites, podcasts, technical blogs, technical news sites or on radio and television.
|
||||
|
||||
It is a fairly woolly term that encompasses so many things but what exactly is it?
|
||||
|
||||
> **Cloud computing** is a term used to refer to a model of network computing where a program or application runs on a connected server or servers rather than on a local computing device such as a PC, tablet or smartphone. Like the traditional client-server model or older mainframe computing,[1] a user connects with a server to perform a task. The difference with cloud computing is that the computing process may run on one or many connected computers at the same time, utilizing the concept of virtualization. With virtualization, one or more physical servers can be configured and partitioned into multiple independent “virtual” servers, all functioning independently and appearing to the user to be a single physical device. Such virtual servers are in essence disassociated from their physical server, and with this added flexibility, they can be moved around and scaled up or down on the fly without affecting the end user. The computing resources have become “granular”, which provides end user and operator benefits including on-demand self-service, broad access across multiple devices, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and service metering capability.[2]
|
||||
|
||||
The above quote was obviously taken from Wikipedia.
|
||||
|
||||
In the past we either used dumb terminals to connect to a mainframe or more recently desktop computers connected to applications on in-house servers which in turn connected to databases also kept on site.
|
||||
|
||||
The management of the desktops, applications and servers were all local and all had to be supported by the company who owned them.
|
||||
|
||||
Whilst this might be great for software houses it isn’t good business for other companies such as banks, insurance companies and oil companies. Information Technology is not a banking function in the same way catering isn’t a function of drilling oil out of the ground.
|
||||
|
||||
Large companies have long since outsourced many functions to dedicated companies. For example outside catering companies provide the staff canteen and we all know about the offshore call centres handling customer calls for the banks.
|
||||
|
||||
IT has also become an offshore function with a number of support and development functions shipped out to China, India, Malaysia and Eastern Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud computing is different to the typical model in that it is all about virtualisation. It is about putting applications on virtual servers which could all be in one location or could be thousands of miles apart but the point is it doesn’t matter because it is somebody else’s job to make sure they work.
|
||||
|
||||
> In common usage the term “the cloud” has become a shorthand way to refer to cloud computing infrastructure.[4] The term came from the cloud symbol that network engineers used on network diagrams to represent the unknown (to them) segments of a network.[5] Marketers have further popularized the phrase “in the cloud” to refer to software, platforms and infrastructure that are sold “as a service”, i.e. remotely through the Internet.
|
||||
|
||||
This article is therefore all about the cloud and what it means for the everyday linux user and what it can do for you and what, if any, pitfalls are there.
|
||||
|
||||
From an end user and home user point of view, cloud computing has basically come to mean any service that is hosted online.
|
||||
|
||||
So here goes, which cloud services are useful for an everyday linux user?
|
||||
|
||||
### Email ###
|
||||
|
||||
I would be very surprised if you are reading this and you don’t have an email account.
|
||||
|
||||
PC Advisor magazine analysed the top 6 emails services back in March, 2014 consisting of Outlook, GMail, Yahoo, iCloud, AOL and GMX.
|
||||
|
||||
### Office Suites ###
|
||||
|
||||
As well as an email client one of the most commonly used tools required by everyone is an office suite.
|
||||
|
||||
In the past people would toddle off down to PC World, buy a computer and come home with a great big machine and half a dozen CDs containing 5 programs you definitely won’t use and Microsoft Works which was a cheap and virtually useless cut down version of Microsoft Office.
|
||||
|
||||
Now you don’t even need an office suite on your computer even though there are some great free choices out there including LibreOffice and Kingsoft.
|
||||
|
||||
The obvious choices are of course Google Docs and Office 365. Does Office 365 work for Linux? Well this article from PC Pro in 2012 seems to suggest that it does.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t believe everything I read though so I signed up to Office 365 to see what would happen.
|
||||
|
||||
Signing up was free for a month and I was presented with a list of online applications that I could use which included Word, Excel and Outlook.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
All looked to be going well. I started Microsoft Word, chose a template to use and then of course it didn’t work at all.
|
||||
|
||||
Office 365 isn’t yet supported on Linux and to be honest you don’t need it. Move on.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Google Docs works and for home use it is perfect. There are hundreds of templates for the word processing and presentation tools and the spreadsheet application does most things although it doesn’t really replace Excel because you haven’t got hundreds of wannabe developers creating naff macros and VBA scripts everywhere.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Another alternative to Office 365 is Zoho.
|
||||
|
||||
Similar to Google Docs, Zoho includes a word processor, spreadsheet tool, presentation tool and mail.
|
||||
|
||||
There are finance and CRM tools as well.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The interface for the tools is actually very nice and clean.
|
||||
|
||||
Services such as Google Docs and Zoho also give you the power of collaboration.
|
||||
|
||||
Documents can be shared and worked on by different people in different locations.
|
||||
|
||||
This site provides a good list of alternative choices to Google Docs and Zoho.
|
||||
|
||||
### Online File Storage ###
|
||||
|
||||
Another good service provided by Google Docs and Zoho is the ability to store the documents and files you create online.
|
||||
|
||||
There are other services however such as Dropbox that are used to exclusively store your documents in the cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
The benefit of storing files with services like Dropbox is that if your house is burgled or catches fire then you have an offshore backup that remains intact. You can also access your files anywhere.
|
||||
|
||||
Dropbox is free for up to 2 gigabytes of use. If you have a lot more data, and most of us do nowadays, then there is a $ 9.99 monthly plan that is available allowing for 100 gigabytes. There is also a business version available from $ 15 a month.
|
||||
|
||||
There are of course alternatives to Dropbox and this site provides a list of the best online backup solutions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Photos ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since the introduction of digital cameras and more recently smart phones, more and more of us have memory cards full of photos.
|
||||
|
||||
I bet that at some point or other that you have lost photos because your phone died and the photos were on the phone and not the memory card or you lost your phone losing pictures of your child’s sports day or another important occasion.
|
||||
|
||||
Losing a phone is never a good thing. If you are clever you will have set up some sort of security because most people have their phones synchronised with their email accounts, Facebook, Twitter and even online banking.
|
||||
|
||||
All it takes to fix a lost phone is to change the passwords to all of the above accounts but lost photos are just not possible to recover and are a little bit more upsetting when lost.
|
||||
|
||||
One solution of course is to backup to your computer. This is of course a good first step but occasionally laptops break as well and you are back to square one.
|
||||
|
||||
Online photo storage sites are great resources because not only do they keep your photos safe you can also share them with whoever you choose to, eliminating the need to get 5 copies of the same photo developed to send to mum, nan, sister, aunty and mother-in-law.
|
||||
|
||||
The solution I like to use is Google’s Picasa but many of you will have heard of services like Flickr as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Lifehacker has a list of the five best photo sharing services.
|
||||
|
||||
Remember though that just because they are called photo sharing services doesn’t mean you have to share them. You can keep them just to yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
### Music ###
|
||||
|
||||
The first record that I was ever given was a 12 inch vinyl version of “Kings of the wild frontier” by “Adam and the Ants” back in the early 1980s.
|
||||
|
||||
As the 1980s progressed the long play records were replaced by cassettes and just as I had accumulated a decent number of cassettes the compact disc became the thing to have.
|
||||
|
||||
Hundreds of compact discs later and MP3 file sharing became the norm and it even became the legal way of doing things.
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing sits still with technology and the future is now with audio streaming services such as Spotify.
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify is free to use but is supported with the inclusion of adverts. In this regard it is like having your own personal radio station where you choose the playlist. Of course you can pay a monthly fee and have the adverts removed altogether.
|
||||
|
||||
There are dozens of similar services including Grooveshark and last.fm.
|
||||
|
||||
Techradar has a list of 7 alternatives to Spotify.
|
||||
|
||||
### Film ###
|
||||
|
||||
The first film I ever watched in the Cinema was Dumbo. The first video I ever watched was “Krull” which contained a young Dulph Lundgren. The format of the video was on Beta Max. (My next door neighbour had one).
|
||||
|
||||
My dad came home one day with a video recorder from Radio Rentals and my sister and I used to take it in turns to pick a video to hire from the video store. I remember my first choice being “The Black Hole”.
|
||||
|
||||
As with music time moves on. Just as you get large units full of movies, some genius comes along and develops DVDs and then they come out with Bluerays.
|
||||
|
||||
Now of course video streaming is the order of the day especially if you have a decent enough internet connection.
|
||||
|
||||
The most commonly known services are Netflix and Lovefilm.
|
||||
|
||||
This website has a list of good alternatives to Netflix. Not all of these services (including Netflix) work seamlessly on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### Gaming ###
|
||||
|
||||
Music, films and now gaming have moved to the online arena.
|
||||
|
||||
Gaming is of course more difficult. Music is relatively low cost in terms of bandwidth and although films require a little more, the stream just needs to remain steady to get a clear picture.
|
||||
|
||||
Games need to run at a consistently high frame rate to be playable and unless you have a decent connection it probably isn’t even worth trying.
|
||||
|
||||
Current services offering a cloud gaming service include OnLive and StreamMyGame.
|
||||
|
||||
This site contains a list of 6 online gaming services to rival OnLive.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pitfalls ###
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud computing isn’t free from issues.
|
||||
|
||||
There is the obvious problem of hacking. If someone gets access to your online banking or your email then you have a real problem.
|
||||
|
||||
What about online file storage? There is currently the high profile case of Megaupload.com.
|
||||
|
||||
Megaupload.com was essentially a file storage site for storing large files. The problem is that a lot of people used the service to share copyright material and the US authorities came down like a ton of bricks and the service was shut down.
|
||||
|
||||
Now a lot of people losing files would perhaps be expecting the inevitable but what about people who genuinely did nothing wrong. Their data has been lost. The US authorities refusing to give it back.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally there is the subject of service maintenance. If your email went down for a day could you cope? What about 3 days? What about a month? You are at the mercy of the service provider.
|
||||
|
||||
A lot has been made about large companies losing data and there has also been a lot of noise regarding heartbleed which is a vulnerability found in SSL left unpatched for years.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have services hosted for you online then you are relying on technical support staff to do their job properly and if they don’t you could be at the mercy of hackers, hardware failures and poor backup and recovery maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary ###
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud computing has really become the buzz term for any online service. Your web browser is a client connecting to a server or clusters of servers hosted anywhere in the world. The point is that you don’t care. You don’t need to know.
|
||||
|
||||
Generally speaking I have barely touched the surface. We all use the cloud everyday and most of us don’t even think about it.
|
||||
|
||||
How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user? It turns out quite a bit.
|
||||
|
||||
Is the cloud a good or bad thing? Neither. Each service has to be judged on it’s own merits.
|
||||
|
||||
The term “The Cloud” is just something marketing people and the technical press get excited about. Anyone remember when they kept using the term “Web 2.0″?
|
||||
|
||||
Thankyou for reading.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxnews.pro/how-does-the-cloud-affect-the-everyday-linux-user/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
barney-ro translating
|
||||
|
||||
Why Your Company Needs To Write More Open Source Software - ReadWrite
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Real innovation doesn't happen behind closed doors.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
The history of Android
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
The T-Mobile G1
|
||||
Photo by T-Mobile
|
||||
|
||||
### Android 1.0—introducing Google Apps and actual hardware ###
|
||||
|
||||
By October 2008, Android 1.0 was ready for launch, and the OS debuted on the [T-Mobile G1][1] (AKA the HTC Dream). The G1 was released into a market dominated by the iPhone 3G and the [Nokia 1680 classic][2]. (Both of those phones went on to tie for the [best selling phone][3] of 2008, selling 35 million units each.) Hard numbers of G1 sales are tough to come by, but T-Mobile announced the device broke the one million units sold barrier in April 2009. It was way behind the competition by any measure.
|
||||
|
||||
The G1 was packing a single-core 528Mhz ARM 11 processor, an Adreno 130 GPU, 192MB of RAM, and a whopping 256MB of storage for the OS and Apps. It had a 3.2-inch, 320x480 display, which was mounted to a sliding mechanism that revealed a full hardware keyboard. So while Android software has certainly come a long way, the hardware has, too. Today, we can get much better specs than this in a watch form factor: the latest [Samsung smart watch][4] has 512MB of RAM and a 1GHz dual-core processor.
|
||||
|
||||
While the iPhone had a minimal amount of buttons, the G1 was the complete opposite, sporting almost every hardware control that was ever invented. It had call and end call buttons, home, back, and menu buttons, a shutter button for the camera, a volume rocker, a trackball, and, of course, about 50 keyboard buttons. Future Android devices would slowly back away from thousand-button interfaces, with nearly every new flagship lessening the number of buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
But for the first time, people saw Android running on actual hardware instead of a frustratingly slow emulator. Android 1.0 didn't have the smoothness, flare, or press coverage of the iPhone. It wasn't as capable as Windows Mobile 6.5. Still, it was a good start.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The default app selection of Android 1.0 and 0.9.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
The core of Android 1.0 didn't look significantly different from the beta version released two months earlier, but the consumer product brought a ton more apps, including the full suite of Google apps. Calendar, Email, Gmail, IM, Market, Settings, Voice Dialer, and YouTube were all new. At the time, music was the dominant media type on smartphones, the king of which was the iTunes music store. Google didn't have an in-house music service of its own, so it tapped Amazon and bundled the Amazon MP3 store.
|
||||
|
||||
The most important addition to Android 1.0 was the debut of Google's store, called "Android Market Beta." While most companies were content with calling their app catalog some variant of "app store"—meaning a store that sold apps and only apps—Google had much wider ambitions. It went with the much more general name of "Android Market." The idea was that the Android Market would not just house apps, but everything you needed for your Android device.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The first Android Market client. Screenshots show the main page, “my downloads," an app page, and an app permissions page.
|
||||
Photo by [Google][5]
|
||||
|
||||
At the time, the Android Market only offered apps and games, and developers weren't even able to charge for them. Apple's App Store had a four-month head start on the Android Market, but Google's big differentiator was that Android's store was almost completely open. On the iPhone, apps were subject to review by Apple and had to meet design and technical guidelines. Potential apps also weren't allowed to duplicate the stock functionality. On the Android Market, developers were free to do whatever they wanted, including replacing the stock apps. The lack of control would turn out to be a blessing and a curse. It allowed developers to innovate on the existing functionality, but it also meant even the trashiest applications were allowed in.
|
||||
|
||||
Today, this client is another app that can no longer communicate with Google's servers. Luckily, it's one of the few early Android apps [actually documented][6] on the Internet. The main screen provided links to the common areas like Apps, Games, Search, and Downloads, and the top section had horizontally scrolling icons for featured apps. Search results and the "My Downloads" page displayed apps in a scrolling list, showing the name, developers, cost (at this point, always free), and rating. Individual app pages showed a brief description, install count, comments and ratings from users, and the all-important install button. This early Android Market didn’t support pictures, and the only field for developers was a description box with a 500-character limit. This made things like maintaining a changelog very difficult, as the only spot to put it was in the description.
|
||||
|
||||
Right out of the gate, the Android Market showed permissions that an app required before installing. This is something Apple wouldn't get around to implementing until 2012, after an iOS app was caught [uploading entire address books][7] to the cloud without the user's knowledge. The permissions display gave a full rundown of what permissions an app was using, although this version railroaded users into agreeing. There was an “OK" button, but no way to cancel other than the back button.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gmail showing the inbox, the inbox with the menu open.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
The next most important app was probably Gmail. Most of the base functionality was here already. Unviewed messages showed up in bold, and labels displayed as colored tags. Individual messages in the Inbox showed the subject, author(s), and number of replies in a conversation. The trademark Gmail star was here—a quick tap would star or unstar something. As usual for early versions of Android, the Menu housed all the buttons on the main inbox view. Once inside a message, though, things got a little more modern, with "reply" and "forward" buttons as permanent fixtures at the bottom of the screen. Individual replies could be expanded and collapsed just by tapping on them.
|
||||
|
||||
The rounded corners, shadows, and bubbly icons gave the whole app a "cartoonish" look, but it was a good start. Android's function-first philosophy was really coming through here: Gmail supported labels, threaded messaging, searching, and push e-mail.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gmail’s label view, compose screen, and settings on Android 1.0.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
But if you thought Gmail was ugly, the Email app took it to another level. There was no separate inbox or folder view—everything was mashed into a single screen. The app presented you with a list of folders and tapping on one would expand the contents in-line. Unread messages were denoted with a green line on the left, and that was about it for the e-mail interface. The app supported IMAP and POP3 but not Exchange.
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
|
||||
|
||||
[@RonAmadeo][t]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/10/android-g1-review/
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_1680_classic
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_mobile_phones#2008
|
||||
[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/review-we-wear-samsungs-galaxy-gear-and-galaxy-fit-so-you-dont-have-to/
|
||||
[5]:http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/08/android-market-user-driven-content.html
|
||||
[6]:http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/08/android-market-user-driven-content.html
|
||||
[7]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/02/path-addresses-privacy-controversy-but-social-apps-remain-a-risk-to-users/
|
||||
[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
The history of Android
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -106,4 +108,4 @@ via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-histor
|
||||
[2]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3z7Tw1K17A
|
||||
[3]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/02/google-tries-location-based-social-networking-with-latitude/
|
||||
[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
|
||||
(henryfour's translating)
|
||||
|
||||
A Pocket Guide for Linux ssh Command with Examples
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
If you have been in the IT world for quite some time you probably have heard about SSH, how great a tool it is and all its cool security features. In this tutorial you will learn how to use SSH in a few minutes and login to your remote computers seamlessly and securely.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have no clue what SSH is you can visit [Wikipedia][1] before proceeding.
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage ###
|
||||
|
||||
The simplest usage of SSH is where you specify a user and the hostname. The hostname could be an IP address or a domain name an in the following format.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh user@hostname
|
||||
|
||||
For example to login to a Raspberry Pi on my LAN, I would simply type the command in the terminal as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh pi@10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
Where pi is the user and 10.42.0.47 is the IP of the Raspberry Pi on my LAN. Change this accordingly to reflect your LAN configuration or your remote computer’s IP address.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you have logged in successfully then the rest of the guide shall be a breeze for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### Using A Different Port ###
|
||||
|
||||
By default ssh uses port 22, but for various reasons you may want to connect to another port.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -p 10022 user@hostname
|
||||
|
||||
This will connect to ssh via port 10022 instead of port 22.
|
||||
|
||||
### Execute Commands Remotely ###
|
||||
|
||||
At times its convenient to execute a command on the remote host and get the output and continue working on the local machine. Well SSH has catered for this need,
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh pi@10.42.0.47 ls -l
|
||||
|
||||
This command for example will list the contents of the home directory and return the prompt to you. Cool? Try it out with other commands as well.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mounting remote filesystems ###
|
||||
|
||||
Another great tool based on ssh is sshfs. With sshfs you can mount remote filesystems and have the remote files on the local machine.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sshfs -o idmap=user user@hostname:/home/user ~/Remote
|
||||
|
||||
For example this command can be used as:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sshfs -o idmap=user pi@10.42.0.47:/home/pi ~/Pi
|
||||
|
||||
This will mount pi’s home directory to a folder on the local machine called Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
For more details on sshfs [look at our sshfs tutorial][2].
|
||||
|
||||
### X11 Forwarding ###
|
||||
|
||||
Suppose now you want to run a GUI program on your remote computer? SSH had you in mind! Login to the remote machine with the basic SSH command but -X option. This will allow X11 forwarding. After you login you might not see any difference, but once you invoke a GUI based program you notice the difference.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -X pi@10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
$ pistore
|
||||
|
||||
Now you may want to do other stuff on the command line while running the GUI program. Simply suffix the command with &.
|
||||
|
||||
$ pistore&
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Escape Sequences ###
|
||||
|
||||
There are various escape sequences provided by SSH. To view them, SSH to any remote machine then type tilde(~) followed by a question mark. You will see a couple of other supported escape sequences. In this example you can the output of **~#** and **~C**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Edit SSH Configuration ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to change SSH configuration, open the file **/etc/ssh/sshd_config** with your favourite text editor and edit whatever you need to. For example we might need to change the banner. In your text editor find the following line:
|
||||
|
||||
#Banner none
|
||||
|
||||
Uncomment the line by deleting the # then add a path to the file with the message you want displayed. The line should now read as:
|
||||
|
||||
Banner /etc/issue
|
||||
|
||||
In this /etc/ssh/sshd_config file you will also find the options of changing the port number, idle logout timeout e.t.c . These are fairly straight forward, but refer to the ssh manual for anything that might not be familiar before attempting to make changes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Generate SSH Key Pair ###
|
||||
|
||||
To generate a new key pair run the command as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
|
||||
|
||||
You will be asked for a passphrase then the key pair will be generated. This command will also give you the key’s randomart image.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Finding A Hostkey ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now before you add that key pair it does no harm to see if it exists already.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -F 10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Removing A Hostkey ###
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes its necessary to remove a key pair you had generated, for example when the host has changed or perhaps when you need to remove keys that are no longer used.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -R 10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
This is much more convenient than opening **~/.ssh/known_hosts**
|
||||
and removing the keys manually.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
With the above commands you will be able to use SSH with ease. There is more to explore and your imagination is your limitation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/pocket-guide-linux-ssh-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
|
||||
译者：[henryfour](https://github.com/henryfour)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
|
||||
[2]:http://linoxide.com/how-tos/sshfs-mount-remote-directories/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
SPccman is translating
|
||||
How to sniff HTTP traffic from the command line on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Suppose you want to sniff live HTTP web traffic (i.e., HTTP requests and responses) on the wire for some reason. For example, you may be testing experimental features of a web server. Or you may be debugging a web application or a RESTful service. Or you may be trying to troubleshoot [PAC (proxy auto config)][1] or check for any malware files surreptitiously downloaded from a website. Whatever the reason is, there are cases where HTTP traffic sniffing is helpful, for system admins, developers, or even end users.
|
||||
@ -100,4 +101,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/sniff-http-traffic-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2012/11/what-are-popular-packet-sniffers-on-linux.html
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html
|
||||
[4]:http://dumpsterventures.com/jason/httpry/
|
||||
[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to share on linux the output of your shell commands
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Some time ago I posted an article about [shelr.tv][1] a website and a service that was made to allow you to share your [terminal][2] records directly from the website.
|
||||
|
||||
Now the website of shelr.tv seems dead and so I’ve took a look around to see if there are similar websites and I’ve found [commands.com][3].
|
||||
|
||||
For what I can see from their homepage it’s a service similar to the other, so let’s test it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1 – Register on the website ###
|
||||
|
||||
Just [register][4] with a new username/password or use your github account to do it quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2 – download and install the program monitor ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Monitor][5] is a command-line tool that captures command-line input/output and sends it to commands.com, the program it’s open source and hosted on github.
|
||||
|
||||
Monitor makes it easy to automate set-up/install of repos. With it you can easily show at people the most common errors and output from commands.
|
||||
|
||||
In short with it you can easily share your commands and their output with the world.
|
||||
|
||||
To install it follow these simple steps:
|
||||
|
||||
1) Clone the github repository of this project, in this way you’ll get the latest source code.
|
||||
|
||||
To do this you need the git command installed on your system, if you get an error with this command install it with your package manager, such as
|
||||
|
||||
Debian based distributions:
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install git
|
||||
|
||||
Redhat/Centos/Fedora distributions
|
||||
|
||||
yum install git
|
||||
|
||||
And now from a terminal clone the repository with:
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/dtannen/monitor.git
|
||||
|
||||
2) Install readline and curl, these libraries are a pre-requisite for building the program from the sources:
|
||||
|
||||
Debian based distributions:
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install libreadline-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev
|
||||
|
||||
Redhat/Centos/Fedora distributions
|
||||
|
||||
yum install readline-devel curl-devel
|
||||
|
||||
3) Build the program:
|
||||
|
||||
To do this you have to go to the directory we just cloned with git and compile the c program:
|
||||
|
||||
cd monitor
|
||||
make
|
||||
sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
The default installation will put the binary in /usr/local/bin
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3 – using the monitor command ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command monitor it’s pretty easy to use:
|
||||
|
||||
monitor {-d} {-h} {-u <username>}
|
||||
|
||||
-d : do not delete /tmp files
|
||||
-h : help
|
||||
-u : commands.com username</username>
|
||||
|
||||
To exit the monitor program you just have to use ctrl-c.
|
||||
|
||||
So for me this means just opening a terminal and give these commands:
|
||||
|
||||
riccio@mint-desktop ~ $ monitor -u ricciocri
|
||||
Password:
|
||||
|
||||
Successfully logged in...
|
||||
AuthKey saved to /tmp/.riccio.commands.com. Delete file to return to Anonymous posting.
|
||||
monitor$ cd /tmp
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
Want to see which command I’ve used after these ?
|
||||
I’ve made this session public (the default it’s private) so you can simply check this url: [https://commands.com/JTNSHRLQJA][6]
|
||||
|
||||
From there you can see the commands I’ve used and their output, an interesting options it’s the “fold/expand” so you could fold all commands and just expand the output of the one you like more.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusions ###
|
||||
|
||||
This is just the a basic startup guide, from the website you can make more “social” activity such as comment script/shell sessions, fork them or choose your favorites.
|
||||
|
||||
Like github, you can fork any public script/command and change it directly from the website and after that you can also get a public (or private url) that you can use to run directly your script with something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
curl commands.io/JTNSHRLQJA | sh
|
||||
|
||||
That’s great to store on the net some scripts that you run frequently on different computers/server, as usual don’t put anything with passwords or sensible information on the net and you’ll be safe enough.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/article/how-to-share-on-linux-the-output-of-your-shell-commands
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/recensioni/shelr-broadcast-your-linux-shell-on-the-net
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell
|
||||
[3]:https://commands.com/
|
||||
[4]:https://commands.com/Register/Index
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/dtannen/monitor
|
||||
[6]:https://commands.com/JTNSHRLQJA
|
||||
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Mount Google drive in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Google has not released its **official linux client** for accessing its drive from the ubuntu. But open source community has developed unofficial package called '**grive-tools**'.
|
||||
|
||||
Grive is a Google Drive (**online storage service**) client for GNU/Linux systems.It allows the **synchronization** of all your files on the cloud with a directory of your choice and the upload of new files to Google Drive.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation Steps of grive-tools ###
|
||||
|
||||
Step:1 Add grive-tools PPA using below Command :
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools
|
||||
|
||||
Step:2 Update the list
|
||||
|
||||
#sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
Step:3 Install grive-tools
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo apt-get install grive-tools
|
||||
|
||||
### Steps to Access Google Drive ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Step:1** Once the installation is completed , search the application on the **Unity Dash** by typing **Grive**, and open it.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step:2** Sign in to google drive , you will be asked to give the permissions to access google drive
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When we click on **Next**, a new broswer will open with **Google login page**
|
||||
|
||||
Log in to your Google Account and Click on **Accept** , as shown below :
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step:3** You will be provided a **google code** , copy this code and paste it into the **Grive Setup box**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When we Click on Next , it will start syncing your google drive with ' **Google Drive**' folder under your's **home directory**. Below window will appear when the installation is completed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Google Drive folder created under **user's home directory**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/mount-google-drive-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Pradeep Kumar ][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
|
||||
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How To Recover Default Openbox Config Files On Crunchbang
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[CrunchBang][1] is a Debian GNU/Linux based distribution offering a great blend of speed, style and substance. Using the nimble Openbox window manager, it is highly customizable and provides a modern, full-featured GNU/Linux system without sacrificing performance.
|
||||
|
||||
As Crunchbang is highly customizable, users tweak it to their liking as much as they can. All this is done via text files (config). As a “Crunchbanger” myself, I recently messed up with my **menu.xml** config file, which is responsible for the menu shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Which removed every code from the menu configuration file. Since I wasn’t having a backup (It’s good to backup config files too) I have to search for the default configuration that comes with Crunchbang out of the box. And here’s how I got it fixed thanks to Crunchbang forums.
|
||||
|
||||
It is very interesting to know all default configs were pre-backed up for you and can be found at
|
||||
|
||||
/etc/skel/.config/
|
||||
|
||||
So for any default config you just copy them over and restart the appropriate application.
|
||||
|
||||
I will use Openbox **menu.xml** as an example here:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
cp -r /etc/skel/.config/openbox/menu.xml ~/.config/openbox/menu.xml
|
||||
|
||||
Then restart openbox.
|
||||
|
||||
openbox --restart
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/recover-default-openbox-config-files-crunchbang/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Enock Seth Nyamador][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/seth/
|
||||
[1]:http://crunchbang.org/
|
||||
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
||||
johnhoow translating...
|
||||
Install UberWriter Markdown Editor In Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Quick tutorial to show you **how to install UberWriter markdown editor in Ubuntu 14.04** for free via official PPA.
|
||||
|
||||
[UberWriter][1] is a [markdown][2] editor for Ubuntu with a clean interface with focus on writing only. UberWriter utilizes [pandoc][3] markdown. The UI is based on GTK3 which is not yet fully integrated with Unity. A quick list of features for UberWriter is as following:
|
||||
|
||||
- Clean interface
|
||||
- pandoc markdown
|
||||
- Preview option
|
||||
- Distraction free “focus mode”
|
||||
- Spell check
|
||||
- Syntax highlighting and math in html and pdf
|
||||
- Option to export as PDF, HTML, ODT etc
|
||||
|
||||
### Install UberWriter in Ubuntu 14.04 ###
|
||||
|
||||
UberWriter is available in [Ubuntu Software Center][4] but it costs $5. I would really recommend that you buy it, if you like it and if you can afford it to support the developer.
|
||||
|
||||
UberWriter is also available for free via its official PPA. You can install it using the following commands in terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:w-vollprecht/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install uberwriter
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can run it from Unity Dash. Write down your document in UberWriter. As you can see, it highlights the markdown syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can use the preview feature to see how your document will actually look like:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I tried to export it as PDF but it asked me to install texlive.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Export to HTML and ODT was fine though.
|
||||
|
||||
There are several other markdown editors available for Linux. [Remarkable][5] is one of them which has the feature of real time preview, which is not in UberWriter. But overall it is a nice application. If you are looking for document writing tool, you can also use [Texmaker LaTeX editor][6].
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this tutorial helped you to **install UberWriter in Ubuntu 14.04**. I haven’t tried but I presume that it should also work in Ubuntu 12.04, Linux Mint 17, Elementary OS and other Linux distributions based on Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-uberwriter-markdown-editor-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://uberwriter.wolfvollprecht.de/
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown
|
||||
[3]:http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
|
||||
[4]:apt://uberwriter
|
||||
[5]:http://itsfoss.com/remarkable-markdown-editor-linux/
|
||||
[6]:http://itsfoss.com/install-latex-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
||||
2q1w2007翻译中
|
||||
QuiteRSS: Linux桌面的RSS阅读器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[QuiteRSS][1]是一个自由而[开源][2]的RSS/Atome阅读器。它可以运行在Windows , Linux和Mac上运行。它用C++/QT编写,所以它会有更好的未来。
|
||||
|
||||
QuiteRSS的界面让我想起Lotus Notes mail，会有很多RSS信息排列在大小合适的方块上，你可以通过标签分组。需要查找东西时，只需在下面板上打开RSS信息。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
除了上述功能，它还有一个广告屏蔽器，一个报纸输出视图，通过URL特性导入RSS等众多功能。你可以在[这里][3]查找到完整的功能列表。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint 上安装 QuiteRSS ###
|
||||
|
||||
QuiteRSS在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17中可用。你可以很简单的通过以下命令行安装：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install quiterss
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想安装最新的稳定版本，你可以用官方的[QuiteRSS PPA][4]:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:quiterss/quiterss
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install quiterss
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令在所有基于Ubuntu的发行版像 Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Linux Lite, Pinguy OS 都应该好用。在其他Linux发行版和平台上,你可以从 [下载页][5]获得源码来安装.
|
||||
|
||||
### 卸载 QuiteRSS ###
|
||||
|
||||
用下方命令卸载 QuiteRSS：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get remove quiterss
|
||||
|
||||
如果你用了PPA,你还需要从源列表中把仓库删除：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:quiterss/quiterss
|
||||
|
||||
QuiteRSS是一个不错的开源RSS阅读器，尽管我更喜欢[Feedly][6]。尽管现在 Feedly 还没有Linux桌面程序，但是你依然可以在网页浏览器中使用。我希望你会认为QuiteRSS值得一试。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/quiterss-rss-reader-desktop-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[2q1w2007(https://github.com/2q1w2007)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://quiterss.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/category/open-source-software/
|
||||
[3]:http://quiterss.org/en/about
|
||||
[4]:https://launchpad.net/~quiterss/+archive/ubuntu/quiterss/
|
||||
[5]:http://quiterss.org/en/download
|
||||
[6]:http://feedly.com/
|
||||
@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
|
||||
开源女巫狩猎归来！
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 开源软件社区已经做出了改变，就像之前的美好时光。
|
||||
|
||||
开源软件已经变的温和了，之前我们有的那些不纯洁的想法，可是随后我们却奇怪的和别人分享自己的代码与创作。
|
||||
|
||||
幸运的是，这种务实主义要结束了。在过去的几周当中，我们团结在Mozilla身边支持DRM版权保护以及嘲笑Red Hat和OpenStack之间的竞争。社区那些年如数家珍的开源软件明星和[Open Core][1]产生了冲突而被反噬了.
|
||||
|
||||
多么怀念啊。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 2003年的Red Hat ###
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat，开源软件理想主义的典范，在几周前拒绝支持它的竞争对手。Jodi Mardesich做了[非凡的工作][2]却受到了指控以及Red Hat的回击。但是真实情况是:
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat不想支持它的竞争对手OpenStack
|
||||
|
||||
在另外一边这难道算是新闻吗？
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mozilla变成了麻瓜 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat作为开源软件理想主义的典范代表很容易成为各种带颜色攻击的目标，Mozilla其实是更大的一个目标。
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla承诺为用户服务的罪过，它最近进行了一场自我牺牲似的行动违背CEO的策略同意加入DRM的技术，即纯Firefox浏览器源码可以使用户观看视频。
|
||||
|
||||
人们想看视频，Mozilla倾向于在它的浏览器中观看。
|
||||
|
||||
最新消息，这一次失败，开源软件组织[批评了][3] Mozilla，深切表达了自己对于Mozilla的失望，因为这种决定妥协的态度会导致浏览器份额的降低。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，Mozilla为什么要做这样的傻事呢，为了用户，你懂的。
|
||||
|
||||
说教部门不甘示弱，[电子前沿基金会感叹][4]到开放网络最后的抗争已经失败了。它对Mozilla失败的做法争论道：“接受DRM会改变这个行业”！DRM的倡导者一再妥协，一个公司又一个公司(PC行业)演变成一个行业，它通过锁定装置，监视器，接受每一个人的管理建立自己的利益关系。
|
||||
|
||||
[Mitchell Bake解释道][5]，Mozilla可能并没有投降：“Firefox用户会需要使用另外的浏览器来观看他们自己想看的视频，这让人怀疑Firfox做一一个产品是否真的有用”。
|
||||
|
||||
Um, yes.
|
||||
|
||||
### 回到我们的思想源头 ###
|
||||
|
||||
However much we may want to force others to live by our absolutist ideals, the reality is that others may have different 我们或许很专制的意图其他的东西活着，事实上他们却有着不同的优先度。免费的软件让步给开源软件，更加严格，更加固定“正确的方式”去获得授权。
|
||||
|
||||
这种意识在目前还是有用的，但它并不总是方便和愉悦。我崇尚开源软件的实用主义，Apache软件基金会，这样有很大的好处提醒GPL组织在意识形态上的危机感。软件自由真的很重要。
|
||||
|
||||
这么多悲观的言论，我自己也感到了恐惧，希望回到一个不断会自我鞭策的免费的开软软件的组织。这使开源软件协作变少而且更难驾驭，但是会变得更有力而且关乎未来。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-redhat#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEYDhxfP0Qv5hE
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_core
|
||||
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/05/16/red-hat-openstack-mirantis-rhel-support
|
||||
[3]:http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management
|
||||
[4]:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/05/mozilla-and-drm
|
||||
[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||
The history of Android
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
T-Mobile G1
|
||||
T-Mobile供图
|
||||
|
||||
### 安卓1.0——谷歌系app和实体硬件的引入 ###
|
||||
|
||||
到了2008年10月，安卓1.0已经准备好发布，这个系统在[T-Mobile G1][1]（又以HTC Dream为人周知）上初次登台。G1进入了被iPhone 3G和[Nokia 1680 classic][2]所主宰的市场。（这些手机并列获得了2008年[销量最佳手机][3]称号，各自卖出了350万台。）G1的销量数字已难以获得，但T-Mobile宣称截至2009年4月该设备的销量突破了100万台。无论从哪方面来说这在竞争中都处于落后地位。
|
||||
|
||||
G1拥有单核528Mhz的ARM 11处理器，一个Adreno 130的GPU，192MB内存，以及多达256MB的存储空间供给系统以及应用使用。它有一块3.2英寸，320x480分辨率的显示屏，被布置在一个含有实体全键盘的滑动结构之上。所以尽管安卓软件的确走过了很长的一段路，硬件也是的。时至今日，我们可以在厂商的一个手表中得到比这更好的参数：最新的[三星智能手表][4]拥有512MB内存以及1GHz的双核处理器。
|
||||
|
||||
当iPhone有着最少数量的按键的时候，G1确实完全相反的，按键几乎支持每个硬件控制。它有拨通和挂断按钮，home键，后退，以及菜单键，一个相机快门键，音量控制键，一个轨迹球，当然，还有50个键盘按钮。未来安卓设备将会慢慢离开按键多多的界面设计，几乎每部新旗舰都在减少按键的数量。
|
||||
|
||||
但是这是第一次，人们见到了运行在实机上的安卓，而不是跑在一个令人沮丧的慢吞吞的模拟器上。安卓1.0没有iPhone那样顺滑流畅，闪亮耀眼，或拥有那么多的新闻报道。它也不像Windows Mobile 6.5那样才华横溢。但这仍然是个好的开始。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
安卓1.0和0.9的默认应用列表。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
安卓1.0的核心与两个月前发布的beta版本相比看起来并没有什么引人注目的不同，但消费者产品带来了不少应用，包括一套完整的谷歌系应用。日历，电子邮件，Gmail，即时通讯，市场，设置，语音拨号，以及YouTube都是全新登场。那时候，音乐是智能手机上占据主宰地位的媒体类型，其王者是iTunes音乐商店。谷歌没有自家的音乐服务，所以它选择了亚马逊并绑定了亚马逊MP3商店。
|
||||
|
||||
安卓最重要的新增是谷歌商店的首次登场，叫做“安卓市场Beta”。与此同时大部分公司满足于将它们的软件目录称作一些不同的“应用商店”——意思是一个出售应用的商店，并且只出售应用——谷歌明显有着更大的野心。它搭配了一个更为通用的名字，“安卓市场”。这个名字的想法是安卓市场不仅仅拥有应用，还拥有一切你的安卓设备所需要的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第一个安卓市场客户端。截图展示了主页，“我的下载”，一个应用页面，以及一个应用权限页面。
|
||||
[Google][5]供图
|
||||
|
||||
那时候，安卓市场只提供应用和游戏，开发者们甚至还不能为它们收费。苹果的App Store相对与安卓市场有4个月的先发优势，但是谷歌的主要差异化在于安卓的商店几乎是完全开放的。在iPhone上，应用受制于苹果的审查，必须遵循设计和技术指南。潜在的新应用不允许在功能上复制已有应用。在安卓市场，开发者可以自由地做任何想做的，包括开发替代已有的应用。控制的缺失会转变成祝福同时也是诅咒。它允许开发者革新已有的功能，但同时意味着甚至是毫无价值的垃圾应用也被允许进入市场。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，这个客户端是又一个不再能够和谷歌服务器通讯的应用。幸运的是，它也是在因特网上被[真正记录][6]的为数不多的早期安卓应用之一。主页提供了通向一般区域的连接，像应用，游戏，搜索，以及下载，顶部有横向滚动显示的特色应用图标。搜索结果和“我的下载”页面以滚动列表的方式显示应用，显示应用名，开发者，费用（在那时都是免费的），以及评分。单独的应用页面展示了一个简短的描述，安装数，用户评论和评分，以及最重要的安装按钮。早期的安卓市场不支持图片，开发者唯一能使用的区域是应用描述，还有着500字的限制。这使得类似维护一个更新日志变的十分困难，因为只有描述的位置可以供其使用。
|
||||
|
||||
就在安装之前，安卓市场显示了应用所需要的权限。这是苹果直至2012年之前都避免做的，那年一个iOS应用被发现在用户不知情的情况下[将完整的通讯录上传][7]到云端。权限显示给出了一个完整的应用用到的权限列表，尽管这个版本强迫用户同意应用权限。界面有个“OK”按钮，但是除了后退按钮没有办法取消。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gmail展示收件箱，打开菜单的收件箱。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
下一个重要的应用也许就是Gmail。大多数基本的功能此时已经准备好了。未读邮件以加粗显示，标签是个有颜色的标记。在收件箱中每封独立邮件显示着主题，发件人，以及一个会话中的回复数。Gmail加星标志也在这里——快速点击即可给邮件加星或取消。一如往常，对于早期版本的安卓，菜单里有收件箱视图应有的所有按钮。但是，一旦打开了一封邮件，界面看起来就更加的现代了，“回复”和“转发”按钮永久固定在了屏幕底部。各个独立回复可以点击它们来展开和收缩。
|
||||
|
||||
圆角，阴影，以及气泡图标给了整个应用“卡通”的外表，但是这是个好的开始。安卓的功能第一哲学真正从此开始：Gmail支持标签，邮件会话，搜索，以及邮件推送。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gmail在安卓1.0的标签视图，写邮件界面，以及设置。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
但是如果你认为Gmail很丑，电子邮件应用又拉低了下限。它没有分离的收件箱或文件夹视图——所有东西都糊在一个界面。应用呈现给你一个文件夹列表，点击一个文件夹会以内嵌的方式展开内容。未读邮件左侧有条绿色的线指示，这就是电子邮件应用的界面。这个应用支持IMAP和POP3，但是没有Exchange。
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
|
||||
|
||||
[@RonAmadeo][t]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/10/android-g1-review/
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_1680_classic
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_mobile_phones#2008
|
||||
[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/review-we-wear-samsungs-galaxy-gear-and-galaxy-fit-so-you-dont-have-to/
|
||||
[5]:http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/08/android-market-user-driven-content.html
|
||||
[6]:http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/08/android-market-user-driven-content.html
|
||||
[7]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/02/path-addresses-privacy-controversy-but-social-apps-remain-a-risk-to-users/
|
||||
[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
|
||||
Linux 下 SSH 命令实例指南
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
如果你已经接触计算机比较长时间, 应该对 SSH 这个了不起的工具及其安全特性有所耳闻吧. 本教程可以让你在短时间内掌握通过 SSH 安全便利地连接到远程计算机的技术.
|
||||
|
||||
如果你对 SSH 还没什么概念, 可以先访问 [维基百科][1] 进行了解.
|
||||
|
||||
### 基本用法 ###
|
||||
|
||||
最简单的 SSH 命令只需要提供用户名和主机名参数即可. 主机名可以是 IP 地址或者域名. 命令格式如下:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh user@hostname
|
||||
|
||||
比如要登录到局域网内我的一个树莓派系统, 只需要简单的在命令行输入如下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh pi@10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
命令中的 pi 和 10.42.0.47 分别是我的树莓派系统的用户名和局域网 IP 地址. 实际使用时主机名需要改成你的目标主机(局域网内或者远程)的 IP 地址.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你能够成功登陆, 那么下面的内容对你来说就轻而易举了.
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用其他端口 ###
|
||||
|
||||
SSH 默认连接到目标主机的 22 端口上, 但是由于各种原因你可能需要连接到其他端口.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -p 10022 user@hostname
|
||||
|
||||
如上命令就是通过添加参数 -p 指定端口号为 10022.
|
||||
|
||||
### 远程执行命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有时需要很方便地在远程主机执行一条命令并显示到本地, 然后继续本地工作. SSH 就能满足这个需求:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh pi@10.42.0.47 ls -l
|
||||
|
||||
比如上面这个命令就会枚举远程主机的主目录内容并在本地显示. 是不是很酷? 你可以尝试下其他命令看看.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 挂在远程文件系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有一个很赞的基于 SSH 的工具叫 sshfs. sshfs 可以让你在本地直接挂载远程主机的文件系统.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sshfs -o idmap=user user@hostname:/home/user ~/Remote
|
||||
|
||||
比如下面这条命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sshfs -o idmap=user pi@10.42.0.47:/home/pi ~/Pi
|
||||
|
||||
该命令就将远程主机 pi 用户的主目录挂载到本地主目录下的 Pi 文件夹.
|
||||
|
||||
要详细了解可以参考 [sshfs 入门教程][2].
|
||||
|
||||
### X11 图形界面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
假如现在你想要在远程主机运行一个图形界面的程序, SSH 已经帮你想到了! 用前面提到的 SSH 基本命令加上参数 -X 连接到远程主机即可开启 X11 转发功能. 登录后你可能觉得没什么差别, 但是当你运行一个图形界面程序后就会发现其中的不同的.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -X pi@10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
$ pistore
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想在运行图形界面程序的同时做些别的事情, 只需要简单地在命令末尾加一个 & 符号.
|
||||
|
||||
$ pistore&
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 转义字符 ###
|
||||
|
||||
SSH 提供了多样的转义字符功能. 用 SSH 连接到任意一台远程主机然后输入 ~? 你就可以看到支持的转义字符和功能说明列表. 以下例子展示了 **~#** 和 **~C** 的效果.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置 SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要改变 SSH 的配置, 请用你喜好的文本编辑器打开 **/etc/ssh/sshd_config** 进行编辑. 比如你想改变登陆的标语, 在配置文件中找到下面这行:
|
||||
|
||||
#Banner none
|
||||
|
||||
删除 # 字符(取消该行的注释), 将 none 替换为包含你期望显示内容的文件地址. 修改后该行应该类似这样:
|
||||
|
||||
Banner /etc/issue
|
||||
|
||||
在配置文件 **/etc/ssh/sshd_config** 中你还可以找到端口号, 空闲超时时间等配置项. 配置项大都比较容易理解, 但是保险起见在你修改一些不是很确定的配置项时最好参考下 SSH 的帮助文档.
|
||||
|
||||
### 构建 ssh 密钥对 ###
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令创建密钥对:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
|
||||
|
||||
此命令会要求你输入密码(可以留空), 然后就会生成密钥并会显示一张该密钥对应的随机图.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 寻找主机密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在你准备添加密钥之前不妨先用以下命令看看是否已经添加了对应主机的密钥了.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -F 10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 删除主机密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
某些情况下, 比如主机地址更改或者不再使用某个密钥, 你就可能需要删除某个密钥.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -R 10.42.0.47
|
||||
|
||||
用以上命令就可删除. 这比手动在 **~/.ssh/known_hosts** 文件中删除要方便很多.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
通过以上的内容你应该可以很轻松的使用 SSH 了. SSH 还有很多功能值得你去发掘, 这就要看你的想象力了.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/pocket-guide-linux-ssh-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
|
||||
译者：[henryfour](https://github.com/henryfour)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
|
||||
[2]:http://linoxide.com/how-tos/sshfs-mount-remote-directories/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
|
||||
如何在linux上分享你shell命令的输出
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
前段时间我发布了一篇关于[shelr.tv][1]这个网站的文章，它提供一个服务允许你从网站上直接分享你的[终端][2]记录。
|
||||
|
||||
现在shelr.tv这个网站似乎关闭了，然后我在周围寻找是否有类似的网站，于是我发现了[commands.com][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
从它的主页上来看，它的服务和其他网站提供的服务是类似的，因此让我们来测试它。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 1 – 在网站上注册 ###
|
||||
|
||||
只需要[注册][4]一个新的 用户名/密码，或者直接使用你的github账户。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 2 – 下载安装monitor程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Monitor][5]是一个命令行工具，它能捕获命令行的输入输出并且发送到commands.com网站上，这个程序是开源的，并托管在github上。
|
||||
|
||||
Monitor使得仓库的设置/安装变得更简单。通过它，你能方便地向人们展示常见错误与命令的输出。
|
||||
|
||||
简而言之，你能方便地和世界分享你的命令及其输出。
|
||||
|
||||
通过如下简单几步来安装它：
|
||||
|
||||
1) 克隆github上的这个项目的仓库，这样你能获得最新的源代码。
|
||||
要完成这步，你需要在系统中已经安装了git命令，如果你获得了错误信息，你可以使用包管理工具来安装它，例如：
|
||||
|
||||
基于Debian的发布版：
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install git
|
||||
|
||||
Redhat/Centos/Fedora发布版：
|
||||
|
||||
yum install git
|
||||
|
||||
现在从终端克隆这个仓库：
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/dtannen/monitor.git
|
||||
|
||||
2) 安装readline和curl，这些库是通过源码构建程序的先决条件：
|
||||
|
||||
基于Debian的发布版：
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install libreadline-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev
|
||||
|
||||
Redhat/Centos/Fedora发布版：
|
||||
|
||||
yum install readline-devel curl-devel
|
||||
|
||||
3) 构建程序：
|
||||
|
||||
要完成这步，你必须进入刚刚用git克隆的目录，然后编译这个c程序：
|
||||
cd monitor
|
||||
make
|
||||
sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
默认安装将把二进制文件放入/usr/local/bin目录下。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 3 – 使用monitor命令###
|
||||
|
||||
monitor命令特别简单易用：
|
||||
|
||||
monitor {-d} {-h} {-u <username>}
|
||||
|
||||
-d : 不删除/tmp下的文件
|
||||
-h : 帮助
|
||||
-u : commands.com用户名</username>
|
||||
|
||||
要退出monitor程序，需要按ctrl-c。
|
||||
|
||||
对我来说这仅仅意味着打开一个终端然后执行这些命令：
|
||||
|
||||
riccio@mint-desktop ~ $ monitor -u ricciocri
|
||||
Password:
|
||||
|
||||
Successfully logged in...
|
||||
AuthKey saved to /tmp/.riccio.commands.com. Delete file to return to Anonymous posting.
|
||||
monitor$ cd /tmp
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
想知道在这之后我使用过的哪个命令吗？我已经把这个会话公开（默认是私有），因此你可以去这个url查看：[https://commands.com/JTNSHRLQJA][6]
|
||||
|
||||
在这里，你能看我已经使用过的命令以及它们的输出，一个有趣的选项是“fold/expand”你可以折叠（fold）所有的命令的输出或者仅仅展开（expand）你喜欢的那个命令的输出。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这只是一个简单的安装指南，在这个网站上你能参加更多“社会化”的活动，比如评论脚本/shell会话，派生它们或者选为你的最爱。
|
||||
|
||||
和github一样，你能派生任何一个公开的脚本/命令并能直接在网站上改变它，然后你也能得到一个公开（或私有）的url。你可以直接运行你脚本，就像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
curl commands.io/JTNSHRLQJA | sh
|
||||
|
||||
在网络上储存一些你在电脑/服务器上经常使用到的脚本，这是极好的，通常不要放置任何密码或敏感信息，这样能保证你足够的安全。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/article/how-to-share-on-linux-the-output-of-your-shell-commands
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[guodongxiaren](https://github.com/guodongxiaren)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/recensioni/shelr-broadcast-your-linux-shell-on-the-net
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell
|
||||
[3]:https://commands.com/
|
||||
[4]:https://commands.com/Register/Index
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/dtannen/monitor
|
||||
[6]:https://commands.com/JTNSHRLQJA
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
Google drive和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS的胶合
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Google尚未发布其**官方Linux客户端**，以用于从Ubuntu访问其drive。然开源社区却业已开发完毕非官方之软件包‘**grive-tools**’。
|
||||
|
||||
Grive乃是Google Drive（**在线存储服务**）的GNU/Linux系统客户端，允许你**同步**所选目录到云端，以及上传新文件到Google Drive。
|
||||
|
||||
### grive-tools安装步骤 ###
|
||||
|
||||
步骤：1 使用下列命令添加grive-tools PPA：
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools
|
||||
|
||||
步骤：2 更新列表
|
||||
|
||||
#sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
步骤：3 安装grive-tools
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo apt-get install grive-tools
|
||||
|
||||
### 访问Google Drive的步骤 ###
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤：1** 安装完了，通过输入**Grive**在**Unity Dash**搜索应用，并打开之。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤：2** 登入google drive，你将被问及访问google drive的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
点击**下一步**时，新的浏览器中讲打开**Google登录页**
|
||||
|
||||
登入你的Google帐号，并点击**接受**，如下所示：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤：3** 下面将提供给你一个 **google代码**，复制并粘贴到**Grive设置框**内。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
点击下一步后，将会开始同步google drive到你**家目录**下的‘**Google Drive**’文件夹。完成后，将出现如下窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Google Drive folder created under **user's home directory**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/mount-google-drive-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Pradeep Kumar ][a]
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
如何在Crunchbang下回复Openbox的默认配置
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[CrunchBang][1]是一个很好地融合了速度、风格和内容的基于Debian GNU/Linux的发行版。使用了灵活的Openbox窗口管理器，高度定制化并且提供了一个现代、全功能的GNU/Linux系统而没有牺牲性能。
|
||||
|
||||
Crunchbang是高度自定义的，用户可以尽情地地把它调整成他们想要的样子。这一切都通过文本文件（配置）。我作为一个Crunchbang用户，我最近搞乱了我的**menu.xml**配置文件，它负责下面的菜单显示。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
其中从菜单配置文件中去除了所有代码。由于我没有备份（最好备份配置文件）。我不得不搜索Crunchbang开箱即用的默认配置。这里就是我如何修复的过程，要感谢Crunchbang论坛。
|
||||
|
||||
了解所有为你预备份的默认配置是很有趣的，你可以在这里找到：
|
||||
|
||||
/etc/skel/.config/
|
||||
|
||||
因此对于任何默认配置，你只需复制他们并重启适当的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
我在这里使用Openbox的**menu.xml**作为示例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
cp -r /etc/skel/.config/openbox/menu.xml ~/.config/openbox/menu.xml
|
||||
|
||||
接着重启openbox。
|
||||
|
||||
openbox --restart
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/recover-default-openbox-config-files-crunchbang/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Enock Seth Nyamador][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/seth/
|
||||
[1]:http://crunchbang.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriterMarkdown编辑器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
下面将展示如何通过官方的PPA源在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriter编辑器
|
||||
[UberWriter][1]是一款Ubuntu下的Markdown编辑器，它简洁的界面能让我们更致力于编辑文字。UberWriter利用了[pandoc][3](一个格式转换器)。但由于UberWriter的UI是基于GTK3的，因此不能完全兼容Unity桌面系统。以下是对UberWriter功能的列举：
|
||||
|
||||
- 简洁的界面
|
||||
- 使用pandoc转换markdown
|
||||
- 可预览
|
||||
- 免打扰模式
|
||||
- 拼写检查
|
||||
- 语法高亮，能在html和pdf中出现数学公式
|
||||
- 支持导出到PDF，HTML，ODT等
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriter ###
|
||||
|
||||
UberWriter可以在[Ubuntu软件中心][4]中找到但是安装需要支付$5。如果你真的喜欢这款编辑器并想为开发者提供一些资金支持的话，我很建议你购买它。
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，UberWriter也能通过官方的PPA源来免费安装。通过如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:w-vollprecht/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install uberwriter
|
||||
|
||||
安装完毕之后，你可以通过Unity的Dash运行使用。如你所见，它支持markdown的语法高亮:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用预览功能来查看你的文档：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当想要导出到PDF的时候会提示先安装texlive。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
虽然导出到HTML和ODT格式是好的。
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux下还有一些其他的markdown编辑器。[Remarkable][5]是一款能够实时预览的编辑器，但UberWriter不能。如果你在寻找文本编辑器的话，你以可以试试[Texmaker LaTeX editor][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
系统这次展示能够帮你在Ubuntu14.04上成功安装UberWriter。我猜想UberWriter在Ubuntu12.04，Linux Mint 17，Elementary OS和其他在Ubuntu的基础上的Linux发行版上也能成功安装。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-uberwriter-markdown-editor-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[John](https://github.com/johnhoow)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://uberwriter.wolfvollprecht.de/
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown
|
||||
[3]:http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
|
||||
[4]:apt://uberwriter
|
||||
[5]:http://itsfoss.com/remarkable-markdown-editor-linux/
|
||||
[6]:http://itsfoss.com/install-latex-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
@ -1,41 +1,39 @@
|
||||
Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This is our on-going series of commands and performance monitoring in **Linux**. **Vmstat** and **Iostat** both commands are available on all major **Unix-like (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris)** Operating Systems.
|
||||
使用Vmstat和Iostat命令进行Linux性能监控
|
||||
================================================================
|
||||
这是我们正在进行的**Linux**命令和性能监控系列的一部分。**Vmstat**和**Iostat**两个命令都适用于所有主要的类**unix**系统（**Linux/unix/FreeBSD/Solaris**）。
|
||||
如果**vmstat**和**iostat**命令在你的系统中不可用，请安装**sysstat**软件包。**vmstat**，**sar**和**iostat**命令都包含在**sysstat**（系统监控工具）软件包中。iostat命令生成**CPU**和所有设备的统计信息。你可以从连接[sysstat][1]中下载源代码包编译安装sysstat，但是我们建议通过**YUM**命令进行安装。
|
||||
|
||||
If **vmstat** and **iostat** commands are not available on your box, please install **sysstat** package. The **vmstat**, **sar** and **iostat** commands are the collection of package included in **sysstat** – the system monitoring tools. The iostat generates reports of **CPU** & all device statistics. You may download and install **sysstat** using source tarball from link [sysstat][1], but we recommend installing through **YUM** command.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
使用Vmstat和Iostat命令进行Linux性能监控
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat
|
||||
###在Linux系统中安装sysstat###
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Sysstat in Linux ###
|
||||
#yum -y install sysstat
|
||||
|
||||
# yum -y install sysstat
|
||||
- **vmstat** - 内存，进程和分页等的简要信息。
|
||||
- **iostat** - CPU统计信息，设备和分区的输入/输出统计信息。
|
||||
|
||||
- **vmstat** – Summary information of Memory, Processes, Paging etc.
|
||||
- **iostat** – Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
|
||||
### Linux下vmstat命令的6个范例###
|
||||
|
||||
### 6 Vmstat Command Examples in Linux ###
|
||||
####1. 列出活动和非活动的内存####
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. List Active and Inactive Memory ####
|
||||
如下范例中输出6列。**vmstat**的man页面中解析的每一列的意义。最重要的是内存中的**free**属性和交换分区中是**si**和**so**属性。
|
||||
|
||||
In the below example, there are six columns. The significant of the columns are explained in man page of **vmstat** in details. Most important fields are **free** under memory and **si**, **so** under swap column.
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -a
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -a
|
||||
|
||||
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
|
||||
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
|
||||
r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
|
||||
1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
|
||||
|
||||
- **Free** – Amount of free/idle memory spaces.
|
||||
- **si** – Swaped in every second from disk in Kilo Bytes.
|
||||
- **so** – Swaped out every second to disk in Kilo Bytes.
|
||||
- **Free** – 空闲的内存空间
|
||||
- **si** – 每秒从磁盘中交换进内存的数据量（以KB为单位）。
|
||||
- **so** – 每秒从内存中交换出磁盘的数据量（以KB为单位）。
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: If you run **vmstat** without parameters it’ll displays summary report since system boot.
|
||||
**注意**：如果你不带参数的执行**vmstat**命令，它会输出自系统启动以来的总结报告。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Execute vmstat ‘X’ seconds and (‘N’number of times) ####
|
||||
|
||||
With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically after executing six intervals.
|
||||
####2. 每X秒执行vmstat，共执行N次####
|
||||
下面命令将会每2秒中执行一次**vmstat**，执行6次后自动停止执行。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat 2 6
|
||||
|
||||
@ -48,9 +46,10 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
|
||||
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Vmstat with timestamps ####
|
||||
####3. 带时间戳的vmstat命令####
|
||||
|
||||
带**-t**参数执行**vmstat**命令，该命令将会在每一行输出后都带一个时间戳，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
**vmstat** command with **-t** parameter shows timestamps with every line printed as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5
|
||||
|
||||
@ -62,9 +61,10 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
|
||||
0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST
|
||||
1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Statistics of Various Counter ####
|
||||
####4. 统计各种计数器####
|
||||
|
||||
**vmstat**命令的**-s**参数，将输出各种事件计数器和内存的统计信息。
|
||||
|
||||
**vmstat** command and -s switch displays summary of various event counters and memory statistics.
|
||||
|
||||
[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -s
|
||||
|
||||
@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
|
||||
1346574857 boot time
|
||||
2309 forks
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Disks Statistics ####
|
||||
####5. 磁盘统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
**vmstat** with **-d** option display all disks statistics.
|
||||
**vmstat**的**-d**参数将会输出所有磁盘的统计信息。
|
||||
|
||||
[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -d
|
||||
|
||||
@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
|
||||
dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126
|
||||
dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. Display Statistics in Megabytes ####
|
||||
####6. 以MB为单位输出统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Uppercase & megabytes). By default **vmstat** displays statistics in kilobytes.
|
||||
**vmstat**的**-S**和**-M**参数（大写和MB）将会以MB为单位输出。**vmstat**默认以KB为单位输出统计信息。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -S M 1 5
|
||||
|
||||
@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
|
||||
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
### 6 Iostat Command Examples in Linux ###
|
||||
###linux下的Iostat命令的6个范例###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Display CPU and I/O statistics ####
|
||||
####1. 输出CPU和输入/输出（I/O）的统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
**iostat** without arguments displays **CPU** and **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown below.
|
||||
不带参数的**iostat**命令将会输出**CPU**和每个分区的**输出/输出**的统计信息，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat
|
||||
|
||||
@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
|
||||
dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864
|
||||
dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. Shows only CPU Statistics ####
|
||||
####2. 只输出CPU的统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
**iostat** with **-c** arguments displays only **CPU** statistics as shown below.
|
||||
**iostat**命令的**-c**参数仅输出**CPU**的统计信息，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -c
|
||||
|
||||
@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
|
||||
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
|
||||
0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9. Shows only Disks I/O Statistics ####
|
||||
####3. 只输出磁盘的输入/输出统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
**iostat** with **-d** arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown.
|
||||
**iostat**命令的**-d**参数仅输出磁盘的所有分区的**输入/输出**的统计信息，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -d
|
||||
|
||||
@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
|
||||
dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728
|
||||
dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. Shows I/O statistics only of a single device. ####
|
||||
####4. 只输出某个磁盘的输入/输出统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
By default it displays statistics of all partitions, with **-p** and device name arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics for specific device only as shown.
|
||||
在默认情况下iostat命令会输出所有分区的统计信息，但是若在iostat命令后加上**-p**参数和磁盘设备名，该命令将会仅输出列出的磁盘的输入/输出统计信息，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -p sda
|
||||
|
||||
@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ By default it displays statistics of all partitions, with **-p** and device name
|
||||
sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18
|
||||
sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11. Display LVM Statistics ####
|
||||
####5. 输出逻辑卷管理（LVM）的统计信息####
|
||||
|
||||
With **-N** (Uppercase) parameter displays only **LVM** statistics as shown.
|
||||
iostat命令的**-N**(大写)参数将会输出**LVM**（LCTT译注：[LVM][2]是linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，是磁盘分区和文件系统间的一个逻辑层）的统计信息，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -N
|
||||
|
||||
@ -220,26 +220,27 @@ With **-N** (Uppercase) parameter displays only **LVM** statistics as shown.
|
||||
vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448
|
||||
vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12. iostat version. ####
|
||||
####6. iostat版本信息####
|
||||
|
||||
With **-V** (Uppercase) parameter displays version of **iostat** as shown.
|
||||
iostat的**-V**(大写)参数将会输出**iostat**的版本信息，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -V
|
||||
|
||||
sysstat version 9.0.4
|
||||
(C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: **vmstat** and **iostat** contains number of columns and flags which may not possible to explain in details. If you want to know more about it you may refer man page of **vmstat** and **iostat**. Please share it if you find this article is useful through our comment box below.
|
||||
**注意**：**vmstat**和**iostat**的输出中包含多列的数据和标志，限于篇幅无法在本文中进行详细的解析。如果你想知道更多的信息，请查看**vmstat**和**iostat**的man帮助手册。如果你觉得本文对你有价值，请在下面的评论框中与你的朋友分享。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/linux-performance-monitoring-with-vmstat-and-iostat-commands/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[cvsher](https://github.com/cvsher)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
|
||||
[1]:http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/download.html
|
||||
[1]:http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/download.html
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user