From 08cfe38b537938d17bca48f6c7bb03936a9d71e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chang Liu Date: Sun, 13 Nov 2016 17:56:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] [Translated]20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md (#4651) --- ... To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md | 285 ----------------- ... To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md | 287 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 285 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4039878a23..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,285 +0,0 @@ -FSSlc translating - -# 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux - - ![Generate a strong password in Linux](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/password-720x340.jpg) -Image Courtesy: Google. - -Yesterday, We have covered how to [force users to use a strong password in DEB based systems][8]such as Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. You might wonder how a strong password looks like, and how could I create one? No worries! Here is the 4 easy ways to generate a strong password in Linux. Of course, there are many free tools and ways to accomplish this task, however I consider these methods are simple, and straightforward. Let us get started. - -Download – [Free EBook: “Getting started with Ubuntu 16.04”][7] - -### 1\. Generate a strong password in Linux using OpenSSL - -OpenSSL is available for all Unix-like distributions, Solaris, Mac OS X, and Windows. - -To generate a random password with OpenSSL, fire up your Terminal and run the following command: - -``` -openssl rand 14 -base64 -``` - -Here, ‘-base64’ string will make sure the password can be typed on a keyboard. - -Sample output: - -``` -wXCHXlxuhrFrFMQLqik= -``` - -[ - ![sksk_003](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png) -][6] - -The above command will generate a random and strong password with length of 14 characters. Remember It is always recommend to generate 14 characters password. Of course you can generate any length of characters using openssl. - -For more details, refer the man pages. - -``` -man openssl -``` - -### 2\. Generate a strong password in Linux using Pwgen - -pwgen is simple, yet useful command line utility to generate a random and strong password in seconds. It designs secure passwords that can be easily memorized by humans. It is available in the most Unix-like operating systems. - -To install pwgen in DEB based systems, run: - -``` -sudo apt-get install pwgen -``` - -In RPM based systems: - -``` -sudo yum install pwgen -``` - -In Arch based systems: - -``` -sudo pacman -S pwgen -``` - -Once pwgen installed, generate a random and strong password with length of 14 letters using command: - -``` -pwgen 14 1 -``` - -Sample output: - -``` -Choo4aicozai3a -``` - -[ - ![sksk_004](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png) -][5] - -The above command will create only one password with length of 14 characters. To create 2 different passwords with length of 14 characters, run: - -``` -pwgen 14 2 -``` - -Sample output: - -``` -xee7seerez6Kau Aeshu0geveeji8 -``` - -To crate 100 different passwords (Not necessary though) with length of 14 characters, run: - -``` -pwgen 14 -``` - -Sample output: - -``` -kaeNg3EiVei4ei Oo0iehiJaix5Ae aenuv2eree2Quo iaT7zahH1eN2Aj Bie2owaiFahsie -gaan9zu5Xeh5ah ahGeeth8ea5ooh Ir0ueda5poogh5 uo0ohqu2ufaiX2 Mei0pee6Og3zae -Oofeiceer8Aipu sheew3aeReidir Dee4Heib2eim2o eig6jar8giPhae Zahde9nae1Niew -quatol5Oi3Bah2 quue4eebaiNgaa oGoahieSh5oL4m aequeeQue2piti laige5seePhugo -iiGo9Uthee4ros WievaiQu2xech6 shaeve0maaK3ae ool8Pai2eighis EPheiRiet1ohci -ZieX9outhoht8N Uh1UoPhah2Thee reaGhohZae5idi oiG4ooshiyi5in keePh1ohshei8y -aim5Eevah2thah Xaej8tha5eisho IeGie1Anaalaev gaoY3ohthooh3x chaebeesahTh8e -soh7oosieY5eiD ahmoh6Ihii6que Shoowoo5dahbah ieW0aiChubee7I Caet6aikai6aex -coo1du2Re9aika Ohnei5Egoh7leV aiyie6Ahdeipho EiV0aeToeth1da iNgaesu4eeyu0S -Eeb1suoV3naera railai2Vaina8u xu3OhVee1reeyu Og0eavae3oohoh audahneihaeK8a -foo6iechi5Eira oXeixoh6EwuboD we1eiDahNgoh9s ko1Eeju1iedu1z aeP7achiisohr7 -phang5caeGei5j ait4Shuo5Aitai no4eis9Tohd8oh Quiet6oTaaQuei Dei2pu2NaefeCa -Shiim9quiuy0ku yiewooph3thieL thu8Aphai1ieDa Phahnahch1Aam1 oocex7Yaith8oo -eraiGaech5ahNg neixa3malif5Ya Eux7chah8ahXix eex1lahXae4Mei uGhahzonu6airu -yah8uWahn3jeiW Yi4ye4Choongie io1Vo3aiQuahpi rie4Rucheet6ae Dohbieyaeleis5 -xi1Zaushohbei7 jeeb9EiSiech0u eewo0Oow7ielie aiquooZamah5th kouj7Jaivohx9o -biyeeshesaDi9e she9ooj3zuw6Ah Eit7dei1Yei5la xohN0aeSheipaa Eeg9Phob6neema -eengoneo4saeL4 aeghi4feephu6W eiWash2Vie1mee chieceish5ioPe ool4Hongo7ef1o -jahBe1pui9thou eeV2choohoa4ee Ohmae0eef4ic8I Eet0deiyohdiew Ke9ue5thohzei3 -aiyoxeiva8Maih gieRahgh8anahM ve2ath9Eyi5iet quohg6ok3Ahgee theingaech5Nef -``` - -[ - ![sksk_005](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif) -][4] - -To include at least 1 number in the password run: - -``` -pwgen 14 1 -n 1 -``` - -Sample output: - -``` -xoiFush3ceiPhe -``` - -There are also some useful options available to use with pwgen command. - -``` - -c or --capitalize (Include at least one capital letter in the password) - - -A or --no-capitalize (Don't include capital letters in the password) - - -n or --numerals (Include at least one number in the password) - - -0 or --no-numerals (Don't include numbers in the password) - - -y or --symbols (Include at least one special symbol in the password) - - -s or --secure (Generate completely random passwords) - - -B or --ambiguous (Don't include ambiguous characters in the password) - -h or --help (Print a help message) - - -H or --sha1=path/to/file[#seed] (Use sha1 hash of given file as a (not so) random generator) - -C (Print the generated passwords in columns) - - -1 (Don't print the generated passwords in columns) - - -v or --no-vowels (Do not use any vowels so as to avoid accidental nasty words) -``` - -For more details, check the man pages. - -``` -man pwgen -``` - -### 3\. Generate a strong password in Linux using GPG - -GPG (GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard), is free command-line program and replacement of Symantec’s PGP cryptographic software. It is available for Unix-like operating systems, Microsoft Windows and Android versions. - -To generate a random and strong password with length of 14 characters using GPG, run the following command from the Terminal: - -``` - gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14 -``` - -Sample output: - -``` -DkmsrUy3klzzbIbavx8= -``` - -[ - ![sksk_006](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif) -][3] - -The above command will generate a secure, random, strong and base64 encoded password. - -### 4\. Generate a strong password in Linux using Perl - -Perl is available in the most Linux distribution’s default repositories. Install it using the package manager. - -For example, to install Perl on DEB based systems run: - -``` -sudo apt-get install perl -``` - -To install Perl on RPM based systems, run: - -``` -sudo yum install perl -``` - -On Arch based systems: - -``` -sudo pacman -S perl -``` - -Once Perl installed, create a file: - -``` -vi password.pl -``` - -Add the following contents in it. - -``` -#!/usr/bin/perl - -my @alphanumeric = ('a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 0..9); -my $randpassword = join '', map $alphanumeric[rand @alphanumeric], 0..8; -print "$randpassword\n" -``` - -[ - ![sksk_001](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png) -][2] - -Save and close the file. - -Now, go to the location where you saved the file, and run the following command: - -``` -perl password.pl -``` - -Replace password.pl with your own filename. - -Sample output: - -``` -3V4CJJnYd -``` - -[ - ![sksk_002](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png) -][1] - -Note: I couldn’t find the original author of this script. If anyone know the author’s name, please let me know in the comment section below. I will add the author name in this guide. - -Please note that you must memorize or keep the passwords you have generated in a safe place in your computer. I recommend you to memorize the password and delete it from your system. It is much better in case your system is compromised by any hackers. - -That’s all for today folks. I will here with another interesting article soon. Until then, stay tuned with OSTechNix. - -Happy Weekend! - -Cheers!! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-easy-ways-to-generate-a-strong-password-in-linux/ - -作者：[ SK ][a] - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) - -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[1]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png -[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png -[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_006.png -[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_005.png -[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png -[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png -[7]:http://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_ubun08/prgm.cgi?a=1 -[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/force-users-use-strong-passwords-debian-ubuntu/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md b/translated/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47f62a5ec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +# 4 种简单方法让你在 Linux 下生成一个高强度密码 + + ![在 Linux 下生成一个高强度密码](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/password-720x340.jpg) +图片来源： Google. + +昨天，我们已经分享了如何 [要求用户在基于 DEB 的系统中使用一个高强度的密码][8]，例如在 Debian，Ubuntu，Linux Mint， Elementary OS 等系统中。那么，你可能会疑惑一个高强度的密码究竟是什么样的呢？怎么才能生成一个那样的密码呢？不用担心，下面我们将介绍 4 种简单方法让你在 Linux 中生成一个高强度密码。当然，已经有很多免费的工具或者方式来完成这个任务，但这里我们仅考虑那些简单直接的方法。下面就让我们开始吧。 + +下载 – [免费电子书：“Ubuntu 16.04 入门”][7] + +### 1. 在 Linux 中使用 OpenSSL 来生成一个高强度密码 + +OpenSSL 在所有的类 Unix 发行版本，Solaris，Mac OS X 和 Windows 中都可以获取到。 + +要使用 OpenSSL 生成一个随机密码，唤起你的终端并运行下面的命令： + +``` +openssl rand 14 -base64 +``` + +上面的 `-base64` 字符串将确保生成的密码可以被键盘敲出来。 + +样例输出： + +``` +wXCHXlxuhrFrFMQLqik= +``` + +[ + ![sksk_003](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png) +][6] + +上面的命令将生成一个随机的、长度为 14 个字符的高强度密码。记住我们强烈推荐你生成 14 个字符的密码。 +当然你可以使用 OpenSSL 生成任意长度的密码。 + +要了解更多信息，可以参考联机手册： + +``` +man openssl +``` + +### 2. 在 Linux 中使用 Pwgen 来生成一个高强度密码 + +pwgen 是一个简单却非常有用的命令行工具，用它可以在短时间内生成一个随机且高强度的密码。它设计出的安全密码可以被人们更容易地记住。在大多数的类 Unix 系统中都可以获取到它。 + +在基于 DEB 的系统中安装 pwgen 请运行： + +``` +sudo apt-get install pwgen +``` + +在基于 RPM 的系统中，运行： + +``` +sudo yum install pwgen +``` + +在基于 Arch 的系统中，则运行： + +``` +sudo pacman -S pwgen +``` + +一旦 pwgen 安装完成后，便可以使用下面的命令来生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的随机高强度密码： + +``` +pwgen 14 1 +``` + +样例输出： + +``` +Choo4aicozai3a +``` + +[ +![sksk_004](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png) +][5] + +上面的命令将只生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的密码，如果要生成 2 个长度为 14 个字符的不同密码，则可以运行： + +``` +pwgen 14 2 +``` + +样例输出： + +``` +xee7seerez6Kau Aeshu0geveeji8 +``` + +如果要生成 100 个（尽管可能没有必要生成那么多）长度为 14 个字符的不同密码，则可以运行： + +``` +pwgen 14 +``` + +样例输出： + +``` +kaeNg3EiVei4ei Oo0iehiJaix5Ae aenuv2eree2Quo iaT7zahH1eN2Aj Bie2owaiFahsie +gaan9zu5Xeh5ah ahGeeth8ea5ooh Ir0ueda5poogh5 uo0ohqu2ufaiX2 Mei0pee6Og3zae +Oofeiceer8Aipu sheew3aeReidir Dee4Heib2eim2o eig6jar8giPhae Zahde9nae1Niew +quatol5Oi3Bah2 quue4eebaiNgaa oGoahieSh5oL4m aequeeQue2piti laige5seePhugo +iiGo9Uthee4ros WievaiQu2xech6 shaeve0maaK3ae ool8Pai2eighis EPheiRiet1ohci +ZieX9outhoht8N Uh1UoPhah2Thee reaGhohZae5idi oiG4ooshiyi5in keePh1ohshei8y +aim5Eevah2thah Xaej8tha5eisho IeGie1Anaalaev gaoY3ohthooh3x chaebeesahTh8e +soh7oosieY5eiD ahmoh6Ihii6que Shoowoo5dahbah ieW0aiChubee7I Caet6aikai6aex +coo1du2Re9aika Ohnei5Egoh7leV aiyie6Ahdeipho EiV0aeToeth1da iNgaesu4eeyu0S +Eeb1suoV3naera railai2Vaina8u xu3OhVee1reeyu Og0eavae3oohoh audahneihaeK8a +foo6iechi5Eira oXeixoh6EwuboD we1eiDahNgoh9s ko1Eeju1iedu1z aeP7achiisohr7 +phang5caeGei5j ait4Shuo5Aitai no4eis9Tohd8oh Quiet6oTaaQuei Dei2pu2NaefeCa +Shiim9quiuy0ku yiewooph3thieL thu8Aphai1ieDa Phahnahch1Aam1 oocex7Yaith8oo +eraiGaech5ahNg neixa3malif5Ya Eux7chah8ahXix eex1lahXae4Mei uGhahzonu6airu +yah8uWahn3jeiW Yi4ye4Choongie io1Vo3aiQuahpi rie4Rucheet6ae Dohbieyaeleis5 +xi1Zaushohbei7 jeeb9EiSiech0u eewo0Oow7ielie aiquooZamah5th kouj7Jaivohx9o +biyeeshesaDi9e she9ooj3zuw6Ah Eit7dei1Yei5la xohN0aeSheipaa Eeg9Phob6neema +eengoneo4saeL4 aeghi4feephu6W eiWash2Vie1mee chieceish5ioPe ool4Hongo7ef1o +jahBe1pui9thou eeV2choohoa4ee Ohmae0eef4ic8I Eet0deiyohdiew Ke9ue5thohzei3 +aiyoxeiva8Maih gieRahgh8anahM ve2ath9Eyi5iet quohg6ok3Ahgee theingaech5Nef +``` + +[ +![sksk_005](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif) +][4] + +如果要在密码中包含至少 1 个数字，则可以运行： + +``` +pwgen 14 1 -n 1 +``` + +样例输出： + +``` +xoiFush3ceiPhe +``` + +另外，pwgen 命令还有一些很实用的选项： + +``` + -c 或 --capitalize （在密码中包含至少一个大写字母） + + -A 或 --no-capitalize （在密码中不包含大写字母） + + -n 或 --numerals （在密码中包含至少一个数字） + + -0 或 --no-numerals （在密码中不包含数字） + + -y 或 --symbols （在密码中包含至少一个特殊字符） + + -s 或 --secure （生成完全随机的密码） + + -B 或 --ambiguous （在密码中不包含双关词语） + + -h 或 --help （输出帮助信息） + + -H 或 --sha1=path/to/file[#seed] （使用某个给定文件的 sha1 哈希值来作为随机数的生成种子） + + -C （按列输出生成好的密码） + + -1 （不按列输出生成好的密码） + + -v 或 --no-vowels （不使用任何元音字母，以防止生成下流的词语） +``` + +若想了解更多信息，请查阅其联机手册： + +``` +man pwgen +``` + +### 3. 在 Linux 中使用 GPG 来生成一个高强度密码 + +GPG (GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard) 是一个免费的命令行程序，可以用于替代赛门铁克的 PGP 加密软件。在类 Unix 操作系统、Microsoft Windows 和 Android 中都可以获取到它。 + +要使用 PGP 生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的高强度密码，请在终端中运行下面的命令： + +``` + gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14 +``` + +样例输出： + +``` +DkmsrUy3klzzbIbavx8= +``` + +[ +![sksk_006](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif) +][3] + +上面的命令将生成一个安全、随机、高强度且基于 base64 编码的密码。 + +### 4. 在 Linux 中使用 Perl 来生成一个高强度密码 + +Perl 在大多数 Linux 发行版本的默认软件仓库中都可以获取到，你可以使用相应的包管理器来安装它。 + +例如在基于 DEB 的系统中，可以运行下面的命令来安装 Perl： + +``` +sudo apt-get install perl +``` + +在基于 RPM 的系统中安装 Perl ，可以运行： + +``` +sudo yum install perl +``` + +在基于 Arch 的系统中，则运行： + +``` +sudo pacman -S perl +``` + +一旦 Perl 安装完成，使用下面的命令创建一个文件： + +``` +vi password.pl +``` + +接着添加下面的内容到这个文件中： + +``` +#!/usr/bin/perl + +my @alphanumeric = ('a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 0..9); +my $randpassword = join '', map $alphanumeric[rand @alphanumeric], 0..8; +print "$randpassword\n" +``` + +[ +![sksk_001](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png) +][2] + +保存并关闭该文件。 + +接着，切换到你刚才保存文件的地方，并运行下面的命令： + +``` +perl password.pl +``` + +使用你自己定义的文件名来替换上面命令中的 `password.pl` 。 + +样例输出： + +``` +3V4CJJnYd +``` + +[ +![sksk_002](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png) +][1] + +注： 我无法找到这个脚本的原有作者，假如你知道作者的名字，请在下面的评论部分让我知晓，我将在这篇指南中添加上该作者的名字。 + +Please note that you must memorize or keep the passwords you have generated in a safe place in your computer. I recommend you to memorize the password and delete it from your system. It is much better in case your system is compromised by any hackers. +请注意：对于你生成的密码，你必须记住它，或者将它保存到你电脑中一个安全的地方。我建议你记住密码并将它从你的系统中删除，因为这总比你的系统被黑客控制要好。 + +伙计们，今天就是这么多了。不久我将带来另一篇有意思的文章。在此之前，敬请关注 OSTechNix。 + +Happy Weekend! + +Cheers!! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-easy-ways-to-generate-a-strong-password-in-linux/ + +作者：[ SK ][a] + +译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc) + +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[1]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png +[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png +[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_006.png +[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_005.png +[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png +[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png +[7]:http://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_ubun08/prgm.cgi?a=1 +[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/force-users-use-strong-passwords-debian-ubuntu/