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Translating------geekpi
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Ubuntu apt-get & apt-cache commands with practical examples
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================================================================================
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Apt-get & apt-cache are the command line **package management** utility in **Ubuntu Linux**. GUI version of apt-get command is the Synaptic Package Manager, in this post we are going to discuss 15 different examples of apt-get & apt-cache commands.
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### Example:1 List of all the available packages ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache pkgnames
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account-plugin-yahoojp
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ceph-fuse
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dvd+rw-tools
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e3
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gnome-commander-data
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grub-gfxpayload-lists
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gweled
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.......................................
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### Example:2 Search Packages using keywords ###
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This command is very helpful when you are not sure about package name , just enter the keyword and apt-get command will list packages related to the keyword.
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache search "web server"
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apache2 - Apache HTTP Server
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apache2-bin - Apache HTTP Server (binary files and modules)
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apache2-data - Apache HTTP Server (common files)
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apache2-dbg - Apache debugging symbols
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apache2-dev - Apache HTTP Server (development headers)
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apache2-doc - Apache HTTP Server (on-site documentation)
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apache2-utils - Apache HTTP Server (utility programs for web servers)
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......................................................................
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**Note**: If you have installed “**apt-file**” package then we can also search the package using config files as shown below :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-file search nagios.cfg
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ganglia-nagios-bridge: /usr/share/doc/ganglia-nagios-bridge/nagios.cfg
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nagios3-common: /etc/nagios3/nagios.cfg
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nagios3-common: /usr/share/doc/nagios3-common/examples/nagios.cfg.gz
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pnp4nagios-bin: /etc/pnp4nagios/nagios.cfg
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pnp4nagios-bin: /usr/share/doc/pnp4nagios/examples/nagios.cfg
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### Example:3 Display the basic information of Specific package. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache show postfix
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Package: postfix
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Priority: optional
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Section: mail
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Installed-Size: 3524
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Maintainer: LaMont Jones <lamont@debian.org>
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Architecture: amd64
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Version: 2.11.1-1
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Replaces: mail-transport-agent
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Provides: default-mta, mail-transport-agent
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.....................................................
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### Example:4 List the dependency of Package. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache depends postfix
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postfix
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Depends: libc6
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Depends: libdb5.3
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Depends: libsasl2-2
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Depends: libsqlite3-0
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Depends: libssl1.0.0
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|Depends: debconf
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Depends: <debconf-2.0>
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cdebconf
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debconf
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Depends: netbase
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Depends: adduser
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Depends: dpkg
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............................................
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### Example:5 Display the Cache Statistics using apt-cache. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache stats
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Total package names: 60877 (1,218 k)
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Total package structures: 102824 (5,758 k)
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Normal packages: 71285
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Pure virtual packages: 1102
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Single virtual packages: 9151
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Mixed virtual packages: 1827
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Missing: 19459
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Total distinct versions: 74913 (5,394 k)
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Total distinct descriptions: 93792 (2,251 k)
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Total dependencies: 573443 (16.1 M)
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Total ver/file relations: 78007 (1,872 k)
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Total Desc/File relations: 93792 (2,251 k)
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Total Provides mappings: 16583 (332 k)
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Total globbed strings: 171 (2,263 )
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Total dependency version space: 2,665 k
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Total slack space: 37.3 k
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Total space accounted for: 29.5 M
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### Example:6 Update the package repository using “apt-get update” ###
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Using the command “apt-get update” , we can resynchronize the package index files from their sources repository. Package index are retrieved from the file located at “/etc/apt/sources.list”
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get update
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Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release.gpg
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Sources
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main amd64 Packages
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main i386 Packages
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Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
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Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com utopic-updates InRelease
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Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com utopic-backports InRelease
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................................................................
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### Example:7 Install a package using apt-get command. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get install icinga
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In the above example we are installing a package named “icinga”
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### Example:8 Upgrade all the Installed Packages ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
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### Example:9 Upgrade a Particular Package. ###
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“install” option along with “–only-upgrade” in apt-get command is used to upgrade a particular package , example is shown below :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get install filezilla --only-upgrade
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### Example:10 Removing a package using apt-get command. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get remove skype
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Above command will remove or delete the skype package only , if you want to delete its config files then use the “purge” option in the apt-get command. Example is shown below :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get purge skype
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We can also use the combination of above commands :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get remove --purge skype
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### Example:11 Download the package in the Current Working Directory ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get download icinga
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Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic/universe icinga amd64 1.11.6-1build1 [1,474 B]
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Fetched 1,474 B in 1s (1,363 B/s)
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Above command will download icinga package in your current working directory.
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### Example:12 Clear disk Space used by retrieved package files. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get clean
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Above Command will clear the disk space used by apt-get command while retrieving(download) packages.
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We can also use “**autoclean**” option in place of “**clean**“, the main difference between them is that autoclean removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely useless.
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get autoclean
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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### Example:13 Remove Packages using “autoremove” option. ###
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When we use “autoremove” option with apt-get command , then it will remove the packages that were installed to satisfy the dependency of other packages and are now no longer needed or used.
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove icinga
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### Example:14 Display Changelog of a Package. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get changelog apache2
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Get:1 Changelog for apache2 (http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/a/apache2/apache2_2.4.10-1ubuntu1/changelog) [195 kB]
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Fetched 195 kB in 3s (60.9 kB/s)
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Above Command will download the changelog of apache2 package and will display through sensible-pager on your screen.
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### Example:15 List broken dependencies using “check” option ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get check
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/ubuntu-apt-get-apt-cache-commands-examples/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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