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geekpi
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/rnote/"
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[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: " "
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
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[#]: subject: "Learn Basic by coding a game"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game"
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[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Learn Basic by coding a game
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======
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Writing the same application in multiple languages is a great way to learn new ways to program. Most programming languages have certain things in common, such as:
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- Variables
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- Expressions
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- Statements
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These concepts are the basis of most programming languages. Once you understand them, you can start figuring the rest out.
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Programming languages usually share some similarities. Once you know one programming language, you can learn the basics of another by recognizing its differences.
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Practicing with a standard program is a good way of learning a new language. It allows you to focus on the language, not the program's logic. I'm doing that in this article series using a "guess the number" program, in which the computer picks a number between one and 100 and asks you to guess it. The program loops until you guess the number correctly.
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This program exercises several concepts in programming languages:
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- Variables
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- Input
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- Output
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- Conditional evaluation
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- Loops
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It's a great practical experiment to learn a new programming language. This article focuses on Basic.
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### Guess the number in (Bywater) Basic
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There is no real standard for the Basic programming language. Wikipedia says, "BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use." The [BWBasic][1] implementation is available under the GPL.
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You can explore Basic by writing a version of the "guess the number" game.
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### Install Basic on Linux
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In Debian or Ubuntu, you can install Basic with the following:
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```
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$ apt install -y bwbasic
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```
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Download the latest release tarball for Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and any other Linux distribution. Extract it, make it executable, and then run it from a terminal:
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```
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$ tar --extract --file bwbasic*z
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$ chmod +x bywater
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$ ./bywater
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```
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On Windows, [download the .exe release][2].
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### Basic code
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Here is my implementation:
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```
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10 value$ = cint(rnd * 100) + 1
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20 input "enter guess"; guess$
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30 guess$ = val(guess$)
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40 if guess$ < value$ then print "Too low"
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50 if guess$ > value$ then print "Too high"
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60 if guess$ = value$ then 80
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70 goto 20
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80 print "That's right"
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```
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Basic programs can be numbered or unnumbered. Usually, it is better to write programs unnumbered, but writing them with numbered lines makes it easier to refer to individual lines.
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By convention, coders write lines as multiples of 10. This approach allows interpolating new lines between existing ones for debugging. Here's an explanation of my method above:
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- Line 10: Computes a random value between 1 and 100 using the built-in **rnd** function, which generates a number between 0 and 1, not including 1.
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- Line 20: Asks for a guess and puts the value in the **guess$ scalar** variable. Line 30 converts the value to a numeric one.
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- Lines 40 and 50: Give the guesser feedback, depending on the comparison.
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- Line 70: Goes to the beginning of the loop.
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- Line 60: _Breaks_& the loop by transferring control to line 80. Line 80 is the last line, so the program exits after that.
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### Sample output
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The following is an example of the program after putting it in `program.bas`:
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```
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$ bwbasic program.bas
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Bywater BASIC Interpreter/Shell, version 2.20 patch level 2
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Copyright (c) 1993, Ted A. Campbell
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Copyright (c) 1995-1997, Jon B. Volkoff
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enter guess? 50
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Too low
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enter guess? 75
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Too low
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enter guess? 88
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Too high
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enter guess? 80
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Too low
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enter guess? 84
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Too low
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enter guess? 86
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Too high
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enter guess? 85
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That's right
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```
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### Get started
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This "guess the number" game is a great introductory program for learning a new programming language because it exercises several common programming concepts in a pretty straightforward way. By implementing this simple game in different programming languages, you can demonstrate some core concepts of the languages and compare their details.
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Do you have a favorite programming language? How would you write the "guess the number" game in it? Follow this article series to see examples of other programming languages that might interest you!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game
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作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://yeolpishack.net/repos/ChipMaster/bwBASIC
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[2]: https://github.com/nerun/bwbasic/releases
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[#]: subject: "Learn Basic by coding a game"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game"
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[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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通过游戏学习 Basic
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======
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用多种语言编写同一个应用是学习新的编程语言的好方法。大多数编程语言都有某些共同点，如：
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- 变量
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- 表达式
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- 语句
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这些概念是大多数编程语言的基础。当你理解了它们，你就可以开始琢磨其他的东西了。
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编程语言通常有一些相似之处。当你了解了一种编程语言，你就可以通过认识其差异来学习另一种语言的基础知识。
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用标准程序进行练习是学习新语言的一个好方法。它使你能够专注于语言，而不是程序的逻辑。在这个系列文章中，我使用了一个“猜数字”的程序，在这个程序中，计算机在 1 到 100 之间挑选一个数字，并要求你猜出来。程序循环进行，直到你猜对数字为止。
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这个程序锻炼了编程语言中的几个概念：
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- 变量
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- 输入
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- 输出
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- 条件判断
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- 循环
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这是学习一种新的编程语言的很好的实践。本文主要介绍 Basic。
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### 在（Bywater）Basic 中猜数字
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对于 Basic 编程语言，没有真正的标准。维基百科说：“BASIC（初学者通用符号指令代码）是一个通用的高级编程语言系列，旨在方便使用”。[BWBasic][1] 的实现是在 GPL 下提供的。
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你可以通过编写一个“猜数字”游戏来探索 Basic。
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### 在 Linux 上安装 Basic
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在 Debian 或 Ubuntu 中，你可以用以下方法安装Basic：
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```
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$ apt install -y bwbasic
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```
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下载 Fedora、CentOS、Mageia 和其他任何 Linux 发行版的最新版本 tarball。解压并设置可执行，然后从终端运行它：
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```
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$ tar --extract --file bwbasic*z
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$ chmod +x bywater
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$ ./bywater
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```
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在 Windows 上，[下载 .exe 版本][2]。
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### Basic 代码
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下面是我的实现：
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```
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10 value$ = cint(rnd * 100) + 1
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20 input "enter guess"; guess$
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30 guess$ = val(guess$)
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40 if guess$ < value$ then print "Too low"
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50 if guess$ > value$ then print "Too high"
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60 if guess$ = value$ then 80
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70 goto 20
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80 print "That's right"
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```
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Basic 程序可以是编号的，也可以是不编号的。通常情况下，写程序时最好不编号，但用编号的行来写，可以更容易地引用各个行。
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按照惯例，编码者将行写成 10 的倍数。这种方法允许在现有的行之间插入新的行，以便进行调试。下面是我对上述方法的解释：
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- 10 行：使用内置的 **rnd** 函数计算一个 1 到 100 之间的随机值，该函数生成一个 0 到 1 之间的数字，不包括 1。
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- 20 行：询问一个猜测，并将该值放入 **guess$ 标量**变量。30 行将该值转换为一个数字。
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- 40 行和 50 行：根据比较结果，给猜测者以反馈。
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- 70 行：回到循环的起点。
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- 60 行：通过将控制权转移到 80 行来打破循环。80 行是最后一行，所以程序在这之后退出。
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### 输出示例
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下面是将该程序放入 `program.bas` 后的一个例子：
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```
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$ bwbasic program.bas
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Bywater BASIC Interpreter/Shell, version 2.20 patch level 2
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Copyright (c) 1993, Ted A. Campbell
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Copyright (c) 1995-1997, Jon B. Volkoff
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enter guess? 50
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Too low
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enter guess? 75
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Too low
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enter guess? 88
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Too high
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enter guess? 80
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Too low
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enter guess? 84
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Too low
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enter guess? 86
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Too high
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enter guess? 85
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That's right
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```
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### 开始学习
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这个“猜数字”游戏是学习新的编程语言的一个很好的入门程序，因为它以一种相当直接的方式锻炼了几个常见的编程概念。通过在不同的编程语言中实现这个简单的游戏，你可以展示这些语言的一些核心概念，并比较它们的细节。
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你有喜欢的编程语言吗？你会如何用它来写“猜数字”的游戏？请关注本系列文章，看看你可能感兴趣的其他编程语言的例子吧！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game
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作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://yeolpishack.net/repos/ChipMaster/bwBASIC
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[2]: https://github.com/nerun/bwbasic/releases
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