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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (HankChow)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (What is the Difference Between Soft link vs Hard link in Linux?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/difference-between-soft-link-vs-hard-link-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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What is the Difference Between Soft link vs Hard link in Linux?
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======
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A link is a mechanism for creating a shortcut to the original file or directory. It contains information about another file or directory.
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Links allow more than one filename to reference the same file.
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### What’s Soft link
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A symbolic link, also known as a symlink or a soft link, is a special type of file that points to another file or directory on Linux.
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It’s like a shortcut in Windows. It contains the path of the original file and not the contents.
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In general Symbolic links are used to link libraries. Also, used to link log files and folders on mounted NFS (Network File System) shares.
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### What’s Hard link
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Hard link is a mirror copy of the original file. Deleting the original file does not impact anything, because the hard link file serves as a mirror copy of the original file.
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Why would you want to create a link file instead of copying them?
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This is especially useful when you want to keep a same files in multiple location with updated contents.
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When you copy a file to another location, it will copy the content and never get updated from the source file.
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The contents of the file will be different from time to time.
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### The difference between Soft link vs Hard link
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I’ve included possible difference between soft link and hard link in the table below.
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S.No | Soft Link | Hard Link
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---|---|---
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1 | The soft link is similar to the file shortcut on Windows. | Hard link is a mirror copy of the original file.
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2 | Soft link can be called Symbolic link or symlink. | Hard link has no other name
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3 | Changes in both file are reflected in the other. | It's like a soft link.
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4 | Soft links can be created on different file systems. | Hard link can only be made on the same file system.
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5 | Can create a soft link to files and directories | Only files can be linked
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6 | It has different inode number and file permissions compared to the original file. | It has the same inode number and file permissions.
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7 | It contains the path of the original file and not the contents. | It contains the actual contents of the original file.
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8 | When the original file is removed, the link will die because it points to a non-existent file. This is called the hanging link. | Nothing happens when the original file is removed.
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9 | You can create a soft link with the following command (# ln -s [Source Filename] [Link Name]) | Hard link can be created using the following command (# ln [Source Filename] [Link Name])
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10 | The soft link file contains a special symbol "l" in the file permission field. | There is no special symbol for this.
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11 | You can find the soft link file with the following command (# find / -type l) | You can find the hard link file with the following command (# find / -samefile [Source Filename])
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12 | A broken soft link can be found using the following command (# symlinks [Path/to/Directory]). | Not applicable
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/difference-between-soft-link-vs-hard-link-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (HankChow)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (What is the Difference Between Soft link vs Hard link in Linux?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/difference-between-soft-link-vs-hard-link-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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Linux 中软链接和硬链接的区别
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======
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<ruby>链接<rt>Link</rt></ruby>是一种快捷访问机制，它通过一个文件指向原始文件或目录的方式实现快捷访问，同时还记录了原始文件或目录的一些信息。
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链接允许多个不同文件对同一个文件进行引用。
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### 什么是软链接
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<ruby>符号链接<rt>Symbolic Link</rt></ruby>，又称<ruby>软链接<rt>Soft Link</rt></ruby>，是一种特殊的文件，它指向 Linux 系统上的另一个文件或目录。
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这和 Windows 系统中的快捷方式有点类似，链接文件中记录的只是原始文件的路径，并不记录原始文件的内容。
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符号链接通常用于对库进行链接，也常用于链接<ruby>网络文件系统<rt>Network File System</rt></ruby>（NFS）上共享的日志文件和目录。
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### 什么是硬链接
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硬链接是原始文件的一个镜像副本。创建硬链接后，如果把原始文件删除，链接文件也不会受到影响，因为此时原始文件和链接文件互为镜像副本。
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为什么要创建链接文件而不直接复制文件呢？
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当你需要将同一个文件保存在多个不同位置，而且还要保持持续更新的时候，硬链接的重要性就体现出来了。
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如果你只是单纯把文件复制到另一个位置，那么另一个位置的文件只会保存着复制那一刻的文件内容，后续也不会跟随着原始文件持续更新。
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而使用硬链接时，各个镜像副本的文件内容都会同时更新。
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### 软链接和硬链接的区别
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下表列出了软链接和硬链接之间的区别。
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# | 软链接 | 硬链接
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---|---|---
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1 | 软链接类似于 Windows 系统中的快捷方式 | 硬链接是原始文件的一个镜像副本
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2 | 软链接又称符号链接 | 硬链接没有别名
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3 | 链接中任何一个文件发生改变，都会同步到连接中的其它文件 | 和软链接一样
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4 | 软链接可以跨文件系统进行创建 | 硬链接不可以跨文件系统进行创建
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5 | 软链接可以指向文件或目录 | 硬链接只能指向文件
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6 | 链接文件和原始文件之间的 inode 和文件权限不完全一致 | 链接文件和原始文件的 inode 和文件权限完全一致
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7 | 链接文件只记录原始文件的路径，不记录原始文件的内容 | 链接文件记录了原始文件的内容
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8 | 如果原始文件被移除，软链接就会因为指向不存在的文件而失效。这被称为“<ruby>挂起链接<rt>the hanging link</rt></ruby>” | 即使原始文件被移除，链接文件也不受影响。
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9 | 通过 `ln -s <原始文件> <链接文件>` 命令创建软链接 | 通过 `ln <原始文件> <链接文件>` 命令创建硬链接
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10 | 软链接文件的文件权限中有一个特殊标记 "l" | 硬链接文件没有特殊标记
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11 | 通过 `find / -type l` 命令可以查找软链接文件 | 通过 `find / -samefile <原始文件>` 命令可以查找硬链接文件
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12 | 通过 `symlinks <目录>` 命令可以查找失效的软链接 | 硬链接不存在失效链接
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/difference-between-soft-link-vs-hard-link-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[HankChow](https://github.com/HankChow)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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