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Tor Browser: An Ultimate Web Browser for Anonymous Web Browsing in Linux
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================================================================================
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Most of us give a considerable time of ours to Internet. The primary Application we require to perform our internet activity is a browser, a web browser to be more perfect. Over Internet most of our’s activity is logged to Server/Client machine which includes IP address, Geographical Location, search/activity trends and a whole lots of Information which can potentially be very harmful, if used intentionally the other way.
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Tor Browser: Anonymous Browsing
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Moreover the National Security Agency (NSA) aka International Spying Agency keeps tracks of ours digital footprints. Not to mention a restricted proxy server which again can be used as data ripping server is not the answer. And most of the corporates and companies wont allow you to access a proxy server.
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So, what we need here is an application, preferably small in size and let it be standalone, portable and which servers the purpose. Here comes an application – the Tor Browser, which has all the above discussed features and even beyond that.
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In this article we will be discussing Tor browser, its features, its usages and Area of Application, Installation and other important aspects of The Tor Browser Application.
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#### What is Tor Browser? ####
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Tor is a Freely distributed Application Software, released under BSD style Licensing which allows to surf Internet anonymously, through its safe and reliable onion like structure. Tor previously was called as ‘The Onion Router‘ because of its structure and functioning mechanism. This Application is written in C programming Language.
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#### Features of Tor Browser ####
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- Cross Platform Availability. i.e., this application is available for Linux, Windows as well as Mac.
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- Complex Data encryption before it it sent over Internet.
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- Automatic data decryption at client side.
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- It is a combination of Firefox Browser + Tor Project.
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- Provides anonymity to servers and websites.
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- Makes it possible to visit locked websites.
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- Performs task without revealing IP of Source.
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- Capable of routing data to/from hidden services and application behind firewall.
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- Portable – Run a preconfigured web browser directly from the USB storage Device. No need to install it locally.
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- Available for architectures x86 and x86_64.
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- Easy to set FTP with Tor using configuration as “socks4a” proxy on “localhost” port “9050”
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- Tor is capable of handling thousands of relay and millions of users.
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#### How Tor Browser Works? ####
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Tor works on the concept of Onion routing. Onion routing resemble to onion in structure. In onion routing the layers are nested one over the other similar to the layers of onion. This nested layer is responsible for encrypting data several times and sends it through virtual circuits. On the client side each layer decrypt the data before passing it to the next level. The last layer decrypts the innermost layer of encrypted data before passing the original data to the destination.
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In this process of decryption all the layers function so intelligently that there is no need to reveal IP and Geographical location of User thus limiting any chance of anybody watching your internet connection or the sites you are visiting.
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All these working seems a bit complex, but the end user execution and working of Tor browser is nothing to worry about. In-fact Tor browser resembles any other browser (Especially Mozilla Firefox) in functioning.
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### Installation of Tor Browser in Linux ###
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As discussed above, Tor browser is available for Linux, Windows and Mac. The user need to download the latest version (i.e. Tor Browser 4.0.4) application from the link below as per their system and architecture.
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- [https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en][1]
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After downloading the Tor browser, we need to install it. But the good thing with ‘Tor’ is that we don’t need to install it. It can run directly from a Pen Drive and the browser can be preconfigured. That means plug and Run Feature in perfect sense of Portability.
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After downloading the Tar-ball (*.tar.xz) we need to Extract it.
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**On 32-Bit System**
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$ wget https://www.torproject.org/dist/torbrowser/4.0.4/tor-browser-linux32-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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$ tar xpvf tor-browser-linux32-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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**On 64-Bit System**
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$ wget https://www.torproject.org/dist/torbrowser/4.0.4/tor-browser-linux64-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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$ tar -xpvf tor-browser-linux64-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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**Note** : In the above command we used ‘$‘ which means that the package is extracted as user and not root. It is strictly suggested to extract and run tor browser not as root.
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After successful extraction, we can move the extracted browser to anywhere/USB Mass Storage device. And run the application from the extracted folder and run ‘start-tor-browser’ strictly not as root.
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$ cd tor-browser_en-US
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$ ./start-tor-browser
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Starting Tor Browser
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**1. Trying to connect to the Tor Network. Click “Connect” and Tor will do rest of the settings for you.**
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Connecting to Tor Network
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**2. The welcome Window/Tab.**
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Tor Welcome Screen
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**3. Tor Browser Running a Video from Youtube.**
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Watching Video on Youtube
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**4. Opening a banking site for online Purchasing/Transaction.**
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Browsing a Banking Site
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**5. The browser showing my current proxy IP. Note that the text that reads “Proxy Server detected”.**
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Checking IP Address
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**Note**: That you need to point to the Tor startup script using text session, everytime you want to run Tor. Moreover a terminal will be busy all the time till you are running tor. How to overcome this and create a desktop/dock-bar Icon?
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6. We need to create `tor.desktop` file inside the directory where extracted files resides.
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$ touch tor.desktop
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Now edit the file using your favourite editor with the text below. Save and exit. I used nano.
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$ nano tor.desktop
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----------
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#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
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[Desktop Entry]
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Encoding=UTF-8
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Name=Tor
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Comment=Anonymous Browse
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Type=Application
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Terminal=false
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Exec=/home/avi/Downloads/tor-browser_en-US/start-tor-browser
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Icon=/home/avi/Downloads/tor-browser_en-US/Browser/browser/icons/mozicon128.png
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StartupNotify=true
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Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
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**Note**: Make sure to replace the path with the location of your tor browser in the above.
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**7. Once done! Double click the file `tor.desktop` to fire Tor browser. You may need to trust it for the first time.**
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Tor Application Launcher
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**8. Once you trust you might note that the icon of `tor.desktop` changed.**
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Tor icon Changed
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9. You may drag and drop the `tor.desktop` icon to create shortcut on Desktop and Dock Bar.
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Add Tor Shortcut on Desktop
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**10. About Tor Browser.**
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About Tor Browser
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**Note**: If you are using older version of Tor, you may update it from the above window.
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#### Usability/Area of Application ####
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- Anonymous communication over web.
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- Surf to Blocked web Pages.
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- Link other Application Viz (FTP) to this secure Internet Browsing Application.
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#### Controversies of Tor-browser ####
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- No security at the boundary of Tor Application i.e., Data Entry and Exit Points.
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- A study in 2011 reveals that a specific way of attacking Tor will reveal IP address of BitTorrent Users.
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- Some protocols shows the tendency of leaking IP address, revealed in a study.
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- Earlier version of Tor bundled with older versions of Firefox browser were found to be JavaScript Attack Vulnerable.
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- Tor Browser Seems to Work slow.
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#### Real world Implementation of Tor-browser ####
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- Vuze BitTorrent Client
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- Anonymous Os
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- Os’es from Scratch
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- whonix, etc.
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#### Future of Tor Browser ####
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Tor browser is promising. Perhaps the first application of its kind is implemented very brilliantly. Tor browser must invest for Support, Scalability and research for securing the data from latest attacks. This application is need of the future.
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#### Download Free eBook ####
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Unofficial Guide to Tor Private Browsing
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[][2]
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### Conclusion ###
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Tor bowser is a must tool in the present time where the organization you are working for don’t allow you to access certain websites or if you don’t want others to look into your private business or you don’t want to provide your digital footprints to NSA.
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**Note**: Tor Browser don’t provide any safety from Viruses, Trojans or other threats of this kind. Moreover by writing an article of this we never mean to indulge into illegal activity by hiding our identity over Internet. This Post is totally for educational Purpose and for any illegal use of it neither the author of the post nor Tecmint will be responsible. It is the sole responsibility of user.
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Tor-browser is a wonderful application and you must give it a try. That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with another interesting article you people will love to read. Till then stay tuned and connected to Tecmint. Don’t forget to provide us with your value-able feedback in our comment section below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/tor-browser-for-anonymous-web-browsing/
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作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
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[1]:https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en
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[2]:http://tecmint.tradepub.com/free/w_make129/prgm.cgi
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@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
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Tor浏览器：Linux下用于匿名Web浏览的终极浏览器
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================================================================================
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我们大多数人都在上网方面花费很多时间。上网使用的应用程序主要是浏览器，一个Web浏览器则更加完美。我们网络的活动要以客户端/服务器的方式登录，这个过程会包括IP地址、地理信息、搜索、活动以及许多潜在的信息，这些信息如果以其他方式被故意使用，会存在潜在的危险性。
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Tor浏览器：匿名浏览器
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此外，美国国家安全局（NSA）即国际间谍机构会记录我们的数字足迹。更不必说某个受限的代理服务器也会被用来做为数据搜集服务器。并且大多数企业和公司不会允许您访问代理服务器（使您能保障自己的隐私）。
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因此，我们需要的最好是一个小型、独立、可携带的应用程序，它能达到匿名的效果。Tor浏览器便是这样的一个应用，它拥有上面提到的所有功能，甚至不止于此。
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这篇文章里我们会讨论Tor浏览器，它的功能、使用方式、领域、安装以及其他关于Tor浏览器的重要方面。
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#### 什么是Tor浏览器？ ####
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Tor是一个自由分发的应用软件，以BSD式的许可证发布，通过其安全可靠的洋葱式的结构，允许用户匿名的进行网络浏览。从前，由于它的结构和运作机制，Tor被称为‘洋葱路由器’。这个应用是由C语言写成的。
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#### Tor浏览器的功能 ####
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- 跨平台可用。例如，这个应用程序在Linux、Windows和Mac下都可用。
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- 在发送数据到因特网前进行复杂的数据加密。
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- 在客户端进行的数据自动解密。
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- 它是火狐浏览器和Tor工程的结合。
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- 对服务器和网站提供匿名性。
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- 可以访问被锁定的网站。
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- 无需暴露源IP便可以执行任务。
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- 可以在防火墙后将数据路由至/从隐藏的服务和应用程序。
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- 便携性 - 可以直接从USB存储器运行一个预配置的web浏览器。无需本地安装。
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- 在x86和x86_64平台均可用
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- 可以通过使用Tor以“socks4a”的方式在“localhost”的“9050”端口上配置代理以设置FTP。
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- Tor拥有处理上千的转播和上百万用户的能力。
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#### Tor浏览器如何工作？ ####
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Tor的工作方式基于洋葱路由的概念。洋葱路由的结构类似洋葱，它的每一层都嵌套在另一层里面，就像洋葱一样。这种嵌套的结构负责多次加密数据并将其通过虚拟电路进行发送。在客户端一边每一层都在将他传递到下一层之前解密数据。最后一层在将原始数据传递到目的地前解密最里面一层的加密数据。
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在这个过程里，这种解密整个层的功能设计的如此高明以至于无法追踪IP以及用户的地理位置，因此可以限制任何人观察您访问站点的网络连接。
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所有这些过程看起来有些复杂，但用户使用Tor浏览器时没有必要担心。实际上，Tor浏览器的功能像其他浏览器一样（尤其是Mozilla的Firefox）。
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### 在Linux中安装Tor浏览器 ###
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就像上面讨论的一样，Tor浏览器在Linux和Windows以及Mac下都可用。用户需要根据系统和架构的不同在下面的链接处下载最新的版本（例如，Tor浏览器4.0.4）。
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- [https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en][1]
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在下载Tor浏览器后，我们需要安装它。但好的是我们不需要安装‘Tor’。它能直接从随身设备中运行，并且该浏览器可以被预配置。这意味着插件和运行的特性可以完美的移植。
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下载打包文件（*.tar.xz）后我们需要解压它。
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**32位系统**
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$ wget https://www.torproject.org/dist/torbrowser/4.0.4/tor-browser-linux32-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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$ tar xpvf tor-browser-linux32-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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**64位系统**
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$ wget https://www.torproject.org/dist/torbrowser/4.0.4/tor-browser-linux64-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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$ tar -xpvf tor-browser-linux64-4.0.4_en-US.tar.xz
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**注意** : 在上面的命令中，我们使用‘$‘意味着这个压缩包应以普通用户而不是root用户来解压。我们强烈建议您不要以root用户解压和运行Tor浏览器。
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在成功的解压后，我们便可以将解压后的浏览器移动到任何地方/USB存储设备中。并从解压的文件夹以非root用户直接运行‘start-tor-browser’。
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$ cd tor-browser_en-US
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$ ./start-tor-browser
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开始使用Tor浏览器
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**1. 尝试连接到Tor网络。点击“连接”之后Tor将按照设置帮您做剩下的事情。**
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连接到Tor网络
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**2. 欢迎窗口/标签。**
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Tor欢迎界面
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**3. Tor浏览器从Youtube处加载视频。**
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在Youtube上看视频
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**4. 打开银行网址以进行在线购物和交易。**
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浏览银行站点
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**5. 浏览器显示我当前的代理IP。注意文本为“Proxy Server detected”。**
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检查IP地址
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**注意**: 每次您想运行Tor时，您需要使用文本模式来指向Tor启动脚本。并且该终端在您运行Tor时会持续保持忙碌状态。如何克服这些，并创建一个桌面/Dock栏图标呢？
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**6. 我们需要在解压的文件夹中创建`tor.desktop`。**
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$ touch tor.desktop
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接着使用您喜欢的编辑器编辑这个文件，加入下面的文本，这里我使用nano。
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|
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$ nano tor.desktop
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----------
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#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
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[Desktop Entry]
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Encoding=UTF-8
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Name=Tor
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Comment=Anonymous Browse
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Type=Application
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Terminal=false
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Exec=/home/avi/Downloads/tor-browser_en-US/start-tor-browser
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Icon=/home/avi/Downloads/tor-browser_en-US/Browser/browser/icons/mozicon128.png
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StartupNotify=true
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Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
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**注意**: 确保将上面的tor浏览器的路径替换为您的环境中的路径。
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**7. 一旦搞定后，您就可以双击`tor.desktop`文件来运行Tor浏览器了，您可能需要在第一次运行时信任该文件。**
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Tor应用启动器
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**8. 一旦您选择了信任，请注意`tor.desktop`文件的图标则会改变。**
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Tor图标已改变
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**9. 您可以通过拖拽`tor.desktop`的图标在桌面和Dock栏中创建快捷方式。**
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在桌面添加Tor快捷方式
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**10. 关于Tor浏览器。**
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关于Tor浏览器
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||||
**注意**: 如果您在使用旧版本的Tor，您可以从上面的窗口更新它。
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#### 应用的可用性和领域 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- 匿名使用网络。
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- 浏览被阻挡的页面。
|
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- 连接其他应用，即（FTP）来保证网络安全的访问。
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#### 关于Tor浏览器的争论 ####
|
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|
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- 在Tor浏览器的周边并没有什么安全措施。比如，数据入口点和出口点。
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- 一项2011年的研究发现一种特殊的针对Tor浏览器的攻击可以得到BitTorrent用户的IP地址。
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- 在一些研究中发现某些特定的协议有泄漏IP地址的倾向。
|
||||
- Tor早些的版本绑定了旧版本的Firefox浏览器，这被证明较易受JavaScript攻击。
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- Tor浏览器工作的比较缓慢。
|
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|
||||
#### 真实世界中Tor浏览器的实现 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Vuze BitTorrent Client
|
||||
- Anonymous Os
|
||||
- Os’es from Scratch
|
||||
- whonix 等
|
||||
|
||||
#### Tor浏览器的未来 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Tor浏览器是前途无量的。也许它实现的第一个应用程序非常出色，但Tor浏览器必须加大对伸缩性的支持以及对近期的攻击进行研究以保证数据安全。这个应用程序是未来的需要。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 下载免费的电子书 ####
|
||||
|
||||
非官方的Tor私密浏览指南
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果您工作的部门不允许您访问某网站或者如果您不希望别人知道您的私人事务或您不想向NSA提供您的个人数字足迹，那么Tor浏览器在目前是必须的。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**: Tor浏览器提供的安全性不能抵御病毒、木马或其他类似这样的安全威胁。写这篇文章的目的也不是希望通过在互联网上隐藏我们的身份来放纵非法活动。这篇文章纯粹是为了教学的目的，作者和Tecmint均不会为任何非法的使用负责。这是用户的唯一责任。
|
||||
|
||||
Tor浏览器是一个非常不错的应用，您值得尝试！这就是我要说的全部了，我还会在这里写一些您感兴趣的文章，所以请继续关注Tecmint。别忘了在留言区提供给我们您有价值的反馈。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/tor-browser-for-anonymous-web-browsing/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[wwy-hust](https://github.com/wwy-hust)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en
|
||||
[2]:http://tecmint.tradepub.com/free/w_make129/prgm.cgi
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user