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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude/Hold/Prevent a Specific Package from an apt Upgrade)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/debian-ubuntu-exclude-hold-prevent-packages-from-apt-get-upgrade/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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Three Ways to Exclude/Hold/Prevent a Specific Package from an apt Upgrade
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======
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Sometimes you may accidentally update packages that are not updated due to some application dependency.
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This is always the case during the entire system update or automatic package upgrade process.
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If this happens, it may break the application function.
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This creates a serious problem and you need to spend a lot of time fixing the problem.
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See the following article if you want to **[Exclude Specific Packages from Yum Update][1]**
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How to avoid this kind of situation?
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How do I exclude packages from apt-get update?
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Yes, it can be done using the following three methods on Debian and Ubuntu systems.
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* **[apt-mark Command][2]**
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* **[dpkg Command][3]**
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* aptitude Command
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We will show in detail each.
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### Method-1: How to Exclude Packages Update on Debian/Ubuntu System Using the apt-mark Command
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The apt-mark is used to mark/unmark a package as being automatically installed.
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The Hold option is used to mark a package as blocked, which prevents the package from being automatically installed, upgraded, or removed.
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The unhold option is used to cancel a previously set hold on a package to allow all actions to be repeated.
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Run the following command to hold the given package using the **apt-mark** command.
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```
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$ sudo apt-mark hold nano
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nano set on hold.
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```
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Once you have hold some packages, run the following apt-mark command to view them.
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```
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$ sudo apt-mark showhold
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nano
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```
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This will show that the **“nano”** package will not be upgraded when you perform a full system update.
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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Reading package lists… Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information… Done
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Calculating upgrade… Done
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The following packages have been kept back:
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nano
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
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```
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Run the following command to unhold the “nano” package using the apt-mark command.
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```
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$ sudo apt-mark unhold nano
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Canceled hold on nano.
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```
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### Method-2: How to Exclude Packages Update on Debian/Ubuntu System Using the dpkg Command
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The dpkg command is a CLI tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages. The primary and more user-friendly front-end for dpkg is aptitude.
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Run the following command to block a given package using the dpkg command.
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**Syntax:**
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```
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$ echo "package_name hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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Run the below dpkg command to hold the **“apache2”** package.
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```
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$ echo "apache2 hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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Once you have hold some packages, run the following command to view them.
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```
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$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep "hold"
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apache2 hold
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```
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It will show that the **“apache2”** package will not be upgraded when you perform a full system update.
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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Reading package lists… Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information… Done
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Calculating upgrade… Done
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The following packages have been kept back:
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apache2
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
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```
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Run the following command to unhold the given package using the dpkg command.
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**Syntax:**
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```
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$ echo "package_name install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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Run the following command to unhold the “apache2” package using the dpkg command.
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```
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$ echo "apache2 install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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### Method-3: How to Exclude Packages Update on Debian/Ubuntu System Using the aptitude Command
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The aptitude command is a text-based package management interface to the Debian and it’s derivative.
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It allows the user to view a list of packages and to perform package management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Actions may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line.
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Run the following command to hold the given package using the aptitude command.
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```
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$ sudo aptitude hold python3
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```
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Once you have hold some packages, run the following aptitude command to view them.
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```
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$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep "hold"
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or
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$ sudo apt-mark showhold
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python3
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```
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This will show that the **“python3”** package will not be upgraded when you perform a full system update.
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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Reading package lists… Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information… Done
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Calculating upgrade… Done
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The following packages have been kept back:
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python3
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
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```
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Run the following command to unhold the **“python3”** package using the apt-mark command.
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```
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$ sudo aptitude unhold python3
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/debian-ubuntu-exclude-hold-prevent-packages-from-apt-get-upgrade/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dpkg-command-to-manage-packages-on-debian-ubuntu-linux-mint-systems/
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@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude/Hold/Prevent a Specific Package from an apt Upgrade)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/debian-ubuntu-exclude-hold-prevent-packages-from-apt-get-upgrade/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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从 apt 升级中排除/保留/阻止特定软件包的三种方法
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======
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有时，由于某些应用依赖性，你可能会意外更新未更新的软件包。
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在整个系统更新或自动包升级过程中一直会发生。
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如果发生这种情况，可能会破坏应用的功能。
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这会造成严重的问题，你需要花费大量时间来解决问题。
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如果你要**[从 Yum Update 中排除特定软件包][1]**，请参考它。
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如何避免这种情况？
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如何从 apt-get 更新中排除软件包？
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是的，可以在 Debian 和 Ubuntu 系统上使用以下三种方法来完成。
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* **[apt-mark 命令][2]**
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* **[dpkg 命令][3]**
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* aptitude 命令
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我们将分别详细展示。
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### 方法 1：如何使用 apt-mark 命令排除 Debian/Ubuntu 系统上的软件包更新
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apt-mark 用于将软件包标记/取消标记为自动安装。
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hold 选项用于将软件包标记为已阻止，以防止软件包被自动安装、升级或删除。
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unhold 选项用于取消软件包的先前设置，以允许重复执行所有操作。
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运行以下命令以使用 apt-mark 命令保留指定的软件包。
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```
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$ sudo apt-mark hold nano
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nano set on hold.
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```
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保留软件包后，请运行以下 apt-mark 命令查看它们。
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```
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$ sudo apt-mark showhold
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nano
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```
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这表明在执行完整的系统更新时，不会升级 **“nano”** 包。
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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Reading package lists… Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information… Done
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Calculating upgrade… Done
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The following packages have been kept back:
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nano
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
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```
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运行以下命令，使用 apt-mark 命令取消对 “nano” 包的保留。
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```
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$ sudo apt-mark unhold nano
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Canceled hold on nano.
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```
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### 方法 2：如何使用 dpkg 命令在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统上排除软件包更新
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dpkg 命令是一个 CLI 工具，用于安装，构建，删除和管理 Debian 软件包。dpkg 的主要且更用户友好的前端是 aptitude。
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运行以下命令使用 dpkg 命令阻止给定的软件包。
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**语法：**
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```
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$ echo "package_name hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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运行以下 dpkg 命令以保留 **“apache2”** 包。
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```
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$ echo "apache2 hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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保留软件包后，请运行以下命令查看它们。
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```
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$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep "hold"
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apache2 hold
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```
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它会显示在执行完整的系统更新时，不会升级 **“apache2”** 包。
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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Reading package lists… Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information… Done
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Calculating upgrade… Done
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The following packages have been kept back:
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apache2
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
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```
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运行以下命令，使用 dpkg 命令取消对指定软件包的保留。
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**语法：**
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```
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$ echo "package_name install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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运行以下命令，使用 dpkg 命令取消保留 “apache2” 包。
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```
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$ echo "apache2 install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
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```
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### 方法 3：如何使用 aptitude 命令排除 Debian/Ubuntu 系统上的软件包更新
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aptitude 命令是 Debian 及其衍生版本的基于文本的软件包管理界面。
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它允许用户查看软件包列表并执行软件包管理任务，例如安装、升级和删除软件包。它可以从可视界面或命令行执行操作。
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运行以下命令，使用 aptitude 命令保留指定的软件包。
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```
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$ sudo aptitude hold python3
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```
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保留某些软件包后，请运行以下 aptitude 命令查看它们。
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```
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$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep "hold"
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或者
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$ sudo apt-mark showhold
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python3
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```
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这表明在执行完整的系统更新时，不会升级 **“python3”** 软件包。
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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Reading package lists… Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information… Done
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Calculating upgrade… Done
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The following packages have been kept back:
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python3
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
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```
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使用 apt-mark 命令运行以下命令以解除对 **“python3”** 软件包的保留。
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```
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$ sudo aptitude unhold python3
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/debian-ubuntu-exclude-hold-prevent-packages-from-apt-get-upgrade/
|
||||
|
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
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||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dpkg-command-to-manage-packages-on-debian-ubuntu-linux-mint-systems/
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Block a user