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选题: Starting user software in X

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Starting user software in X
======
There are currently many ways of starting software when a user session starts.
This is an attempt to collect a list of pointers to piece the big picture together. It's partial and some parts might be imprecise or incorrect, but it's a start, and I'm happy to keep it updated if I receive corrections.
### x11-common
`man xsession`
* Started by the display manager for example, `/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/01_debian.conf` or `/etc/gdm3/Xsession`
* Debian specific
* Runs scripts in `/etc/X11/Xsession.d/`
* `/etc/X11/Xsession.d/40x11-common_xsessionrc` sources `~/.xsessionrc` which can do little more than set env vars, because it is run at the beginning of X session startup
* At the end, it starts the session manager (`gnome-session`, `xfce4-session`, and so on)
### systemd --user
* <https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/User>
* Started by `pam_systemd`, so it might not have a DISPLAY variable set in the environment yet
* Manages units in:
* `/usr/lib/systemd/user/` where units provided by installed packages belong.
* `~/.local/share/systemd/user/` where units of packages that have been installed in the home directory belong.
* `/etc/systemd/user/` where system-wide user units are placed by the system administrator.
* `~/.config/systemd/user/` where the users put their own units.
* A trick to start a systemd user unit when the X session has been set up and the DISPLAY variable is available, is to call `systemctl start` from a `.desktop` autostart file.
### dbus activation
* <https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/system-activation.txt>
* A user process making a dbus request can trigger starting a server program
* For systems debugging, is there a way of monitoring what services are getting dbus activated?
### X session manager
* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager>
* Run by `x11-common`'s `Xsession.d`
* Runs freedesktop autostart .desktop files
* Runs Desktop Environment specific software
### xdg autostart
* <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html>
* Run by the session manager
* If `/etc/xdg/autostart/foo.desktop` and `~/.config/autostart/foo.desktop` exist then only the file `~/.config/autostart/foo.desktop` will be used because `~/.config/autostart/` is more important than `/etc/xdg/autostart/`
* Is there an ordering or is it all in parallel?
### Other startup notes
#### ~/.Xauthority
To connect to an X server, a client needs to send a token from `~/.Xauthority`, which proves that they can read the user's provate data.
`~/.Xauthority` contains a token generated by display manager and communicated to X at startup.
To view its contents, use `xauth -i -f ~/.Xauthority list`
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.enricozini.org/blog/2018/debian/starting-user-software/
作者：[Enrico Zini][a]
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.enricozini.org/