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### Protecting Your Privacy With Firefox on Linux
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Contents
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* * [1. Introduction][12]
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* [2. Firefox Settings][13]
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* [2.1. Health Report][1]
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* [2.2. Search][2]
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* [2.3. Do Not Track][3]
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* [2.4. Disable Pocket][4]
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* [3. Add-ons][14]
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* [3.1. HTTPS Everywhere][5]
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* [3.2. Privacy Badger][6]
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* [3.3. Ublock Origin][7]
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* [3.4. NoScript][8]
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* [3.5. Disconnect][9]
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* [3.6. Random Agent Spoofer][10]
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* [4. System Settings][15]
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* [4.1. Private DNS][11]
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* [5. Closing Thoughts][16]
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### Introduction
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Privacy and security are becoming increasingly important topics. Though it's impossible to be 100% secure, there are measures that you can take, especially on Linux, to help defend your online privacy and security when browsing the web.
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Firefox is probably your best option when selecting a browser for these purposes. Google Chrome cannot be trusted. It's owned by Google, a company known for data collection, and it's closed source. Chromium may be okay, but can't be guaranteed. Only Firefox has maintained a degree of commitment to user rights.
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### Firefox Settings
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There are some settings in Firefox that you can set to better protect your privacy. These are readily available and help to control the data that you share when you browse.
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### Health Report
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The first thing that you can set to limit the amount of data being sent is the Firefox health report. Sure, the data is just being sent to Mozilla, but it's still transmitting data.
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Open up the Firefox menu and click on "Preferences." Go to the "Advanced" tab on the side and click "Data Choices." There you can disable any data reporting.
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### Search
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By default, newer versions of Firefox use Yahoo as their search engine. Some distributions configure them to use Google instead. Either way isn't ideal. Firefox does have the option to use DuckDuckGo as the default instead.
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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To enable DuckDuckGo, open up the Firefox menu and click on "Preferences." Head over to "Search" on the side menu. Then, use the "Default Search Engine" drop down menu to select DuckDuckGo.
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### Do Not Track
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Do Not Track isn't perfect, but it does send a signal to sites telling them not to record your activity through analytics tools. Those sites may or may not comply, but it's still best to enable Do Not Track in case they do.
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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Open the Firefox menu again. Click on "Preferences" then "Privacy." At the top of the page there is a "Tracking" section. In the line that reads, "You can also manage your Do Not Track settings," click the link. A pop-up will appear with a checkbox allowing you to enable Do Not Track.
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### Disable Pocket
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There is no evidence that Pocket is doing anything nefarious, but it may be a good idea to disable it anyway, since it does link to a proprietary application.
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Disabling Pocket isn't too difficult, but you have to be careful that Pocket is the only thing that you mess with. To get to the configuration that you need, type `about:config` in Firefox's address bar.
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The page will lode a table of settings. At the top of that table is a search bar. Search for "Pocket" there.
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You will be taken to a new table containing the results. You are looking for a setting called, "extensions.pocket.enabled." When you find it, double click on it to switch it to "false." You can edit the other Pocket related settings there too. It's not necessary, though. Just be sure not to edit anything that's not directly related to the Pocket extension.
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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### Add-ons
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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The most effective ways to protect your privacy and security in Firefox come from add-ons. Firefox has a massive add-on library, and many of those add-ons are free and open source software. The add-ons highlighted in this guide are among the best for securing your browser.
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### HTTPS Everywhere
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The Electronic Frontier Foundation developed HTTPS Everywhere in response to the large number of sites not using SSL certificates and the tendency for many links to not use the `https://` prefix and sending users to unsecured version of sites. HTTPS Everywhere ensures that if an encrypted version of a site exists, it is used.
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HTTPS Everywhere is available for Firefox through the Firefox Add-on Search here `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/https-everywhere/`
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### Privacy Badger
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The Electronic Frontier Foundation is also behind Privacy Badger. Privacy Badger aims to pick up where Do Not Track leaves off by blocking unwanted tracking from websites. It is also available through the Firefox Add-on repository here `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/privacy-badger17`.
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### Ublock Origin
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Now for one of the more commonly privacy add-ons, ad blocking. In this case, the ad-blocker of choice is uBlock Origin. uBlock Origin is a lighter weight ad blocker that doesn't make exceptions when it comes to which ads it blocks. uBlock Origin will generally block any ad, especially the more invasive ones. You can find uBlock Origin here `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/`.
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### NoScript
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Blocking JavaScript is a bit controversial. JavaScript powers so much of the web, yet it is also notorious for being a vehicle for privacy invasion and a myriad or attacks. NoScript is an excellent solution for dealing with JavaScript.
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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NoScript is a JavaScript whitelist. It will block all JavaScript universally until a site is added to the whitelist. Adding a site can be done preemptively through the plugin's "Options" menu, or it can be done by clicking the NoScript icon while on the page.
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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NoScript is a available through the Firefox add-on repository `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/noscript/`. If the page says that it is unsupported on your version of Firefox, click "Download Anyway." It's been tested and is working with Firefox 51.
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### Disconnect
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Disconnect does much the same thing as Privacy Badger. It just provides yet another barrier of protection. You can find it in the add-on repository `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/disconnect/`. If the page says that your version of Firefox isn't supported, click "Download Anyway." It has been tested and is working with Firefox 51.
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### Random Agent Spoofer
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The Random Agent Spoofer can change the browser signature of Firefox to make it appear as though it is virtually any other browser on any other platform. Though it has many other applications, it also guards against browser fingerprinting.
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Browser Fingerprinting is yet another way that sites can track users based on the browser and operating system they are using. Browser fingerprinting affects Linux users and users of other "alternative" operating systems more than Windows users because their browser signatures are more unique.
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You can add the Random Agent Spoofer through the Firefox add-on repository `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/random-agent-spoofer/`. Like some of the others, the page may say that it isn't compatible with the newest versions of Firefox, and again, that wouldn't be true.
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<center style="box-sizing: inherit;">
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</center>
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You can use the Random Agent Spoofer by clicking its icon on the Firefox menu bar. A drop down will appear with different browser options to emulate. One of the better options is to select "Random Desktop" and a random interval to change. This way, there is absolutely no pattern to track. It also ensures that you only get the desktop versions of sites.
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### System Settings
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### Private DNS
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Avoid the use of Public or ISP DNS servers! Even though you configure your browser to the absolute privacy standard, your DNS query against public DNS server reveals all domains you have visited. Services such as Google Public DNS ( IP's: 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4 ) will log your IP address, information about your ISP and geolocation. This information may be shared as part of any legal processes and enforceable governmental requests.
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> **What information does Google log when I use the Google Public DNS service?**
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>
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> The Google Public DNS privacy page has a complete list of information that we collect. Google Public DNS complies with Google's main privacy policy, available at our Privacy Center. Your client IP address is only logged temporarily (erased within a day or two), but information about ISPs and city/metro-level locations are kept longer for the purpose of making our service faster, better, and more secure.
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> REF: `https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/faq#privacy`
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From this reason, if possible configure and use your private non-forwarding DNS server. Nowadays, this task may be as trivial as a deployment of some preconfigured DNS server Docker container on your local host. For example, given that the docker service is already installed on your system, the below command will deploy your private local DNS server:
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```
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# docker run -d --name bind9 -p 53:53/udp -p 53:53 fike/bind9
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```
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DNS server is now up and running:
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```
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# dig @localhost google.com
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; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-9+deb8u6-Debian <<>> @localhost google.com
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; (2 servers found)
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;; global options: +cmd
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;; Got answer:
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;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51110
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;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 5
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;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
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; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;google.com. IN A
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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google.com. 242 IN A 216.58.199.46
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```
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Now, set your nameserver within`/etc/resolv.conf `to:
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```
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nameserver 127.0.0.1
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```
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### Closing Thoughts
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No security or privacy solution is perfect. The steps in this guide are definitely an improvement, though. If you are really serious about privacy, the Tor Browser `https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html.en` is a better option. Tor is a bit overkill for daily use, but it actually does employ some of the same measures outlined in this guide.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux
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作者：[Nick Congleton][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux
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[1]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-1-health-report
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[2]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-2-search
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[3]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-3-do-not-track
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[4]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-4-disable-pocket
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[5]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-1-https-everywhere
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[6]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-2-privacy-badger
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[7]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-3-ublock-origin
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[8]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-4-noscript
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[9]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-5-disconnect
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[10]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-6-random-agent-spoofer
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[11]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h4-1-private-dns
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[12]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h1-introduction
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[13]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-firefox-settings
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[14]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-add-ons
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[15]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h4-system-settings
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[16]:https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h5-closing-thoughts
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@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
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### 在 Linux 上用火狐保护你的隐私
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内容
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[1. 介绍][12]
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[2. 火狐设置][13]
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[2.1. 健康报告][1]
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[2.2. 搜索][2]
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[2.3. 请勿跟踪][3]
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[2.4. 禁用 Pocket][4]
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[3. 附加组件][14]
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[3.1. HTTPS Everywhere][5]
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[3.2. Privacy Badger][6]
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[3.3. Ublock Origin][7]
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[3.4. NoScript][8]
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[3.5. Disconnect][9]
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[3.6. Random Agent Spoofer][10]
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[4. 系统设置][15]
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[4.1. 私人 DNS][11]
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[5. 关闭联想][16]
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### 介绍
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隐私和安全正在逐渐成为一个重要的话题。虽然不可能做到 100% 安全，但是，特别是在 Linux 上，还是有几个你能做措施，在你浏览网页的时候保卫你的在线隐私安全。
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基于这些目的选择浏览器的时候，火狐或许是你的最佳选择。谷歌 Chrome 不能信任。它是属于谷歌的，一个众所周知的数据收集公司，而且它是闭源的。 Chromium 或许还可以，但并不能保证。只有火狐保持了一定程度的用户权利承诺。
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### 火狐设置
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火狐里有几个你能设定的设置，能更好地保护你的隐私。这些设置唾手可得，能帮你控制那些在你浏览的时候分享的数据。
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### 健康报告
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你能设置以限制数据发送总量的第一件事就是火狐的健康报告。当然，这些数据只是被发送到 Mozilla ，但是它仍然在传输数据。
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打开火狐的菜单，点击选项。来到侧边栏里的高级选项卡，点击数据反馈。这里你能禁用任意数据的报告。
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### 搜索
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新版的火狐浏览器默认使用雅虎搜索引擎。一些发行版更改设置，替代使用的是谷歌。两个方法都不理想。火狐有默认使用 DuckDuckGo 的选项。
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center
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为了启用 DuckDuckGo，你得打开火狐菜单点击选项。直接来到侧边栏的搜索选项卡。然后，用默认搜索引擎的下拉菜单来选择 DuckDuckGo 。
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### 请勿跟踪
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请勿跟踪并不完美，但它确实向网页发送了一个信号，告诉他们不要使用分析工具来记录你的活动。这些网页或许会遵从，会许不会。但是，万一他们会遵从，最好启用请勿跟踪。
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再次打开火狐的菜单，点击选项，然后是隐私。页面的最上面有一个跟踪部分。点击那一行写着 “ 您还可以管理您的 ‘请勿跟踪’ 设置 ” 的链接。会出现一个有单选框的弹出窗口，那里允许你启用请勿跟踪设置。
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### 禁用 Pocket
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没有任何证据显示 Pocket 正在做一些不好的事情，但是禁用它或许更好，因为它确实连接了一个专有的应用。
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禁用 Pocket 不是太难，但是你得注意 Pocket 是唯一扰乱你的东西。为了来到你所需的配置页面，在火狐的地址栏里输入`about:config`。
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这些页面会加载一个设置表格，在表格的最上面是搜索栏，在那儿搜索 Pocket 。
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你将会看到一个包含结果的新表格。找一下名为 extensions.pocket.enabled 的设置。当你找到它的时候，双击使其转变为否。你也能在这儿编辑 Pocket 的其他相关设置。虽说这不是必要的。只是得保证不要编辑那些不是直接跟 Pocket 应用相关设置的任何东西。
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### 附加组件
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火狐最有效地保护你隐私和安全的方式来自附加组件。火狐有大量的附加组件库，有许多附加组件是免费、开源的。在这篇指导中着重提到的附加组件，对于安全化你的浏览器方面是名列前茅的。
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### HTTPS Everywhere
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电子前线基金会开发了HTTPS Everywhere，这是对大量没有使用 SSL 证书的网页、许多不使用`https`前缀的链接、指引用户前往不安全版本的网页等做出的反应。HTTPS Everywhere 确保了如果存在有一个加密版本的网页，用户将会使用它。
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给火狐设计的 HTTPS Everywhere 已经可以使用，在火狐的附加组件搜索网页上。`https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/https-everywhere/`（译者注：对应的中文页面是`https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/https-everywhere/`）
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### Privacy Badger
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电子前线基金会同样开发了 Privacy Badger。 Privacy Badger 旨在通过阻止不想要的网页跟踪，弥补请勿跟踪功能的不足之处。它同样能通过火狐附加组件仓库安装。`https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/privacy-badger17`. （译者注：对应的中文页面是`https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/privacy-badger17/`）
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### Ublock Origin
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现在有一类更通用的的隐私附加组件，屏蔽广告。这里的选择是 uBlock Origin ，uBlock Origin 是个更轻量级的广告屏蔽插件，几乎不遗漏所有它会屏蔽的广告。 uBlock Origin 将主要屏蔽所有广告，特别是侵略性的广告。你能在这儿找到它。`https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/`.（译者注：对应的中文页面是`https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/`）
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### NoScript
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阻止 JavaScript 是有点争议， JavaScript 虽说驱动了那么多的网站，但还是臭名昭著，因为 JavaScript 成为侵略隐私和攻击的媒介。NoScript 是应对 JavaScript 的绝佳方案。
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NoScript 是一个 JavaScript 的白名单，它通常会屏蔽 JavaScript 直到一个网页被添加进白名单中。添加一个网页进白名单能提前完成，通过插件的选项菜单，或者能通过点击页面上的 NoScript 图标完成。
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|
||||
通过火狐附加组件仓库可以安装 NoScript `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/noscript/`
|
||||
如果网页提示不支持你使用的火狐版本，点“无论如何下载”。它已经测试过能在Firefox 51 上使用。
|
||||
|
||||
### Disconnect
|
||||
|
||||
Disconnect 做很多跟 Privacy Badger 一样的事情，它只是提供了另一个保护的方法。你能在附加组件仓库中找到它 `https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/disconnect/` （译者注：对应的中文页面是`https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/disconnect/`）如果网页提示不支持你使用的火狐版本，点“无论如何下载”。它已经测试过能在Firefox 51 上使用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Random Agent Spoofer
|
||||
|
||||
Random Agent Spoofer 能改变火狐浏览器的签名，让浏览器看起来像是在其他任意平台上的其他任意浏览器。虽然有许多其他的应用，但是它也能预防浏览器指纹侦查。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
浏览器指纹侦查是网站基于所使用的浏览器和操作系统来跟踪用户的另一个方式。相比于 Windows 用户，浏览器指纹侦查更多影响到 Linux 和其他替代性操作系统用户，因为他们的浏览器特征更独特。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你能通过火狐附加插件仓库添加 Random Agent Spoofer。`https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/random-agent-spoofer/`（译者注：对应的中文页面是`https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/random-agent-spoofer/`）像其他附加组件那样，页面或许会提示在最新版的火狐兼容性不好。再说一次，那并不是真的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你能通过点击火狐菜单栏上的图标来使用 Random Agent Spoofer。点开后将会出现一个下拉菜单，有不同模拟的浏览器选项。最好的选项之一是选择"Random Desktop" 和任意的改变时间。这样，就不会有绝对的模式来跟踪，也保证了你只能获得网页的桌面版本。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 系统设置
|
||||
|
||||
### 私人 DNS
|
||||
|
||||
避免使用公共或者 ISP 的 DNS 服务器。即使你配置了你的浏览器满足绝对的隐私标准，你向公共 DNS 服务器发出的 DNS 请求暴露了所有你访问过的网页。服务，例如谷歌公共 DNS（IP：8.8.8.8 、8.8.4.4）将会记录你的 IP 地址、关于你的 ISP 和地理位置信息。这些信息或许会被任何合法程序或者强制性的政府请求所分享。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> **当我在使用谷歌公共 DNS 服务时，谷歌会记录什么信息？**
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 谷歌公共 DNS 隐私页面有一个完整的收集信息列表。谷歌公共 DNS 遵循谷歌主隐私政策，在我们的隐私中心可以看到。 你客户端 IP 地址是唯一会被临时记录的（一到两天后删除），但是为了让我们的服务更快、更好、更安全，关于 ISP 和城市/都市级别的信息将会被保存更长的时间。
|
||||
> 参考资料： `https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/faq#privacy`
|
||||
|
||||
以上原因，如果可能的话，配置并使用你私人的非转发 DNS 服务器。现在，这项任务或许跟在本地部署一些预先配置好的 DNS 服务器 Docker 容器一样琐碎。例如，假设 docker 服务已经在你的系统安装完成，下列命令将会部署你的私人本地 DNS 服务器：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# docker run -d --name bind9 -p 53:53/udp -p 53:53 fike/bind9
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
DNS 服务器现在已经启动并正在运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# dig @localhost google.com
|
||||
; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-9+deb8u6-Debian <<>> @localhost google.com
|
||||
; (2 servers found)
|
||||
;; global options: +cmd
|
||||
;; Got answer:
|
||||
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51110
|
||||
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 5
|
||||
|
||||
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
|
||||
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
|
||||
;; QUESTION SECTION:
|
||||
;google.com. IN A
|
||||
|
||||
;; ANSWER SECTION:
|
||||
google.com. 242 IN A 216.58.199.46
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，在`/etc/resolv.conf `里设置你的域名服务器：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
nameserver 127.0.0.1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 关闭联想
|
||||
|
||||
没有完美的安全隐私解决方案。虽然这篇指导里的步骤明显是个改进。如果你真的很在乎隐私，Tor 浏览器`https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html.en`，是最佳选择。Tor 对于日常使用有点过犹不及，但是它的确使用了同样在这篇指导里列出的一些措施。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Nick Congleton][a]
|
||||
译者：[ypingcn](https://ypingcn.github.io/wiki/lctt)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux
|
||||
[1]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-1-health-report
|
||||
[2]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-2-search
|
||||
[3]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-3-do-not-track
|
||||
[4]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-4-disable-pocket
|
||||
[5]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-1-https-everywhere
|
||||
[6]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-2-privacy-badger
|
||||
[7]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-3-ublock-origin
|
||||
[8]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-4-noscript
|
||||
[9]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-5-disconnect
|
||||
[10]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-6-random-agent-spoofer
|
||||
[11]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h4-1-private-dns
|
||||
[12]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h1-introduction
|
||||
[13]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h2-firefox-settings
|
||||
[14]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h3-add-ons
|
||||
[15]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h4-system-settings
|
||||
[16]: https://linuxconfig.org/protecting-your-privacy-with-firefox-on-linux#h5-closing-thoughts
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user