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@bestony @bioIkke @GHLandy @RickyGong @CoderBOBO @zpl1025 注意，文件丢了一个扩展名。
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# Recognizing correct code
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Automatic bug-repair system fixes 10 times as many errors as its predecessors.
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------
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DongShuaike is translating.
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MIT researchers have developed a machine-learning system that can comb through repairs to open-source computer programs and learn their general properties, in order to produce new repairs for a different set of programs.
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The researchers tested their system on a set of programming errors, culled from real open-source applications, that had been compiled to evaluate automatic bug-repair systems. Where those earlier systems were able to repair one or two of the bugs, the MIT system repaired between 15 and 18, depending on whether it settled on the first solution it found or was allowed to run longer.
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While an automatic bug-repair tool would be useful in its own right, professor of electrical engineering and computer science Martin Rinard, whose group developed the new system, believes that the work could have broader ramifications.
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“One of the most intriguing aspects of this research is that we’ve found that there are indeed universal properties of correct code that you can learn from one set of applications and apply to another set of applications,” Rinard says. “If you can recognize correct code, that has enormous implications across all software engineering. This is just the first application of what we hope will be a brand-new, fabulous technique.”
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Fan Long, a graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science at MIT, presented a paper describing the new system at the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages last week. He and Rinard, his advisor, are co-authors.
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Users of open-source programs catalogue bugs they encounter on project websites, and contributors to the projects post code corrections, or “patches,” to the same sites. So Long was able to write a computer script that automatically extracted both the uncorrected code and patches for 777 errors in eight common open-source applications stored in the online repository GitHub.
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**Feature performance**
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As with [all][1] machine-learning systems, the crucial aspect of Long and Rinard’s design was the selection of a “[feature set][2]” that the system would analyze. The researchers concentrated on values stored in memory — either variables, which can be modified during a program’s execution, or constants, which can’t. They identified 30 prime characteristics of a given value: It might be involved in an operation, such as addition or multiplication, or a comparison, such as greater than or equal to; it might be local, meaning it occurs only within a single block of code, or global, meaning that it’s accessible to the program as a whole; it might be the variable that represents the final result of a calculation; and so on.
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Long and Rinard wrote a computer program that evaluated all the possible relationships between these characteristics in successive lines of code. More than 3,500 such relationships constitute their feature set. Their machine-learning algorithm then tried to determine what combination of features most consistently predicted the success of a patch.
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“All the features we’re trying to look at are relationships between the patch you insert and the code you are trying to patch,” Long says. “Typically, there will be good connections in the correct patches, corresponding to useful or productive program logic. And there will be bad patterns that mean disconnections in program logic or redundant program logic that are less likely to be successful.”
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**Ranking candidates**
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In earlier work, Long had developed an algorithm that attempts to repair program bugs by systematically modifying program code. The modified code is then subjected to a suite of tests designed to elicit the buggy behavior. This approach may find a modification that passes the tests, but it could take a prohibitively long time. Moreover, the modified code may still contain errors that the tests don’t trigger.
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Long and Rinard’s machine-learning system works in conjunction with this earlier algorithm, ranking proposed modifications according to the probability that they are correct before subjecting them to time-consuming tests.
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The researchers tested their system, which they call Prophet, on a set of 69 program errors that had cropped up in eight popular open-source programs. Of those, 19 are amenable to the type of modifications that Long’s algorithm uses; the other 50 have more complicated problems that involve logical inconsistencies across larger swaths of code.
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When Long and Rinard configured their system to settle for the first solution that passed the bug-eliciting tests, it was able to correctly repair 15 of the 19 errors; when they allowed it to run for 12 hours per problem, it repaired 18.
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Of course, that still leaves the other 50 errors in the test set untouched. In ongoing work, Long is working on a machine-learning system that will look at more coarse-grained manipulation of program values across larger stretches of code, in the hope of producing a bug-repair system that can handle more complex errors.
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“A revolutionary aspect of Prophet is how it leverages past successful patches to learn new ones,” says Eran Yahav, an associate professor of computer science at the Technion in Israel. “It relies on the insight that despite differences between software projects, fixes — patches — applied to projects often have commonalities that can be learned from. Using machine learning to learn from ‘big code’ holds the promise to revolutionize many programming tasks — code completion, reverse-engineering, et cetera.”
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://news.mit.edu/2016/faster-automatic-bug-repair-code-errors-0129
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作者：Larry Hardesty
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/翻译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://news.mit.edu/2013/teaching-computers-to-see-by-learning-to-see-like-computers-0919
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[2]:http://news.mit.edu/2015/automating-big-data-analysis-1016
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@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
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Zephyr Project for Internet of Things, releases from Facebook, IBM, Yahoo, and more news
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===========================================================================================
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In this week's edition of our open source news roundup, we take a look at the new IoT project from the Linux Foundation, three big corporations releasing open source, and more.
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**News roundup for February 21 - 26, 2016**
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### Linux Foundation unveils the Zephyr Project
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping up to be the next big thing in consumer technology. At the moment, most IoT solutions are proprietary and closed source. Open source is making numerous in-roads into the IoT world, and that's undoubtedly going to accelerate now that the Linux Foundation has [announced the Zephyr Project][1].
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The Zephyr Project, according to ZDNet, "hopes to bring vendors and developers together under a single operating system which could make the development of connected devices an easier, less expensive and more stable process." The Project "aims to incorporate input from the open source and embedded developer communities and to encourage collaboration on the RTOS (real-time operating system)," according to the [Linux Foundation's press release][2].
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Currently, Intel Corporation, NXP Semiconductors N.V., Synopsys, Inc., and UbiquiOS Technology Limited are the main supporters of the project. The Linux Foundation intends to attract other IoT vendors to this effort as well.
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### Releases from Facebook, IBM, Yahoo
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As we all know, open source isn't just about individuals or small groups hacking on code and hardware. Quite a few large corporations have significant investments in open source. This past week, three of them affirmed their commitment to open source.
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Yahoo again waded into open source waters this week with the [release of CaffeOnSpark][3] artificial intelligence software under an Apache 2.0 license. CaffeOnSpark performs "a popular type of AI called 'deep learning' on the vast swaths of data kept in its Hadoop open-source file system for storing big data," according to VentureBeat. If you're curious, you can [find the source code on GitHub][4].
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Earlier this week, Facebook "[unveiled a new project that seeks not only to accelerate the evolution of technologies that drive our mobile networks, but to freely share this work with the world’s telecoms][5]," according to Wired. The company plans to build "everything from new wireless radios to nee optical fiber equipment." The designs, according to Facebook, will be open source so any telecom firm can use them.
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As part of the [Open Mainframe Project][6], IBM has open sourced the code for its Anomaly Detection Engine (ADE) for Linux logs. [According to IBM][7], "ADE detects anomalous time slices and messages in Linux logs using statistical learning" to detect suspicious behaviour. You can grab the [source code for ADE][8] from GitHub.
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### European Union to fund research
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The European Research Council, the European Union's science and technology funding body, is [funding four open source research projects][9] to the tune of about €2 million. According to joinup.ec.europa.eu, the projects being funded are:
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- A code audit of Mozilla's open source Rust programming language
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- An initiative at INRIA (France's national computer science research center) studying secure programming
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- A project at Austria's Technische Universitat Graz testing "ways to secure code against attacks that exploit certain properties of the computer hardware"
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- The "development of techniques to prove popular cryptographic protocols and schemes" at IST Austria
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### In other news
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- [Infosys' newest weapon: open source][10]
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- [Intel demonstrates Android smartphone running a Linux desktop][11]
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- [BeeGFS file system goes open source][12]
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A big thanks, as always, to the Opensource.com moderators and staff for their help this week.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/life/16/2/weekly-news-feb-26
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作者：[Scott Nesbitt][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/scottnesbitt
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[1]: http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-linux-foundations-zephyr-project-building-an-operating-system-for-iot-devices/
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[2]: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2016/02/linux-foundation-announces-project-build-real-time-operating-system
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[3]: http://venturebeat.com/2016/02/24/yahoo-open-sources-caffeonspark-deep-learning-framework-for-hadoop/
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[4]: https://github.com/yahoo/CaffeOnSpark
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[5]: http://www.wired.com/2016/02/facebook-open-source-wireless-gear-forge-5g-world/
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[6]: https://www.openmainframeproject.org/
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[7]: http://openmainframeproject.github.io/ade/
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[8]: https://github.com/openmainframeproject/ade
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[9]: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/node/149541
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[10]: http://www.businessinsider.in/Exclusive-Infosys-is-using-Open-Source-as-its-mostlethal-weapon-yet/articleshow/51109129.cms
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[11]: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/02/23/move_over_continuum_intel_shows_android_smartphone_powering_bigscreen_linux/
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[12]: http://insidehpc.com/2016/02/beegfs-parallel-file-system-now-open-source/
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@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
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Node.js 5.7 released ahead of impending OpenSSL updates
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=============================================================
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>Once again, OpenSSL fixes must be evaluated by keepers of the popular server-side JavaScript platform
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The Node.js Foundation is gearing up this week for fixes to OpenSSL that could mean updates to Node.js itself.
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Releases to OpenSSL due on Tuesday will fix defects deemed to be of "high" severity, Rod Vagg, foundation technical steering committee director, said [in a blog post][1] on Monday. Within a day of the OpenSSL releases, the Node.js crypto team will assess their impacts, saying, "Please be prepared for the possibility of important updates to Node.js v0.10, v0.12, v4 and v5 soon after Tuesday, the 1st of March."
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[ Deep Dive: [How to rethink security for the new world of IT][2]. | Discover how to secure your systems with InfoWorld's [Security newsletter][3]. ]
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The high severity status actually means the issues are of lower risks than critical, perhaps affecting less-common configurations or less likely to be exploitable. Due to an embargo, the exact nature of these fixes and their impact on Node.js remain uncertain, said Vagg. "Node.js v0.10 and v0.12 both use OpenSSL v1.0.1, and Node.js v4 and v5 both use OpenSSL v1.0.2, and releases from nodejs.org and some other popular distribution sources are statically compiled. Therefore, all active release lines are impacted by this update." OpenSSL also impacted Node.js in December, [when two critical vulnerabilities were fixed][4].
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The latest OpenSSL developments follow [the release of Node.js 5.7.0][5], which is clearing a path for the upcoming Node.js 6. Version 5 is the main focus for active development, said foundation representative Mikeal Rogers, "However, v5 won't be supported long-term, and most users will want to wait for v6, which will be released by the end of April, for the new features that are landing in v5."
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Release 5.7 has more predictability for C++ add-ons' interactions with JavaScript. Node.js can invoke JavaScript code from C++ code, and in version 5.7, the C++ node::MakeCallback() API is now re-entrant; calling it from inside another MakeCallback() call no longer causes the nextTick queue or Promises microtask queue to be processed out of order, [according to release notes][6].
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Also fixed is an HTTP bug where handling headers mistakenly trigger an "upgrade" event where the server just advertises protocols. The bug can prevent HTTP clients from communicating with HTTP2-enabled servers. Version 5.7 performance improvements are featured in the path, querystring, streams, and process.nextTick modules.
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This story, "Node.js 5.7 released ahead of impending OpenSSL updates" was originally published by [InfoWorld][7].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.itworld.com/article/3039005/security/nodejs-57-released-ahead-of-impending-openssl-updates.html
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作者：[Paul Krill][a]
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||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.itworld.com/author/Paul-Krill/
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[1]: https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/openssl-march-2016/
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[2]: http://www.infoworld.com/resources/17273/security-management/how-to-rethink-security-for-the-new-world-of-it#tk.ifw-infsb
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[3]: http://www.infoworld.com/newsletters/signup.html#tk.ifw-infsb
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[4]: http://www.infoworld.com/article/3012157/security/why-nodejs-waited-for-openssl-security-update-before-patching.html
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[5]: https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v5.7.0/
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[6]: https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v5.7.0/
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[7]: http://www.infoworld.com/
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@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
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Robolinux 8.4 LTS "Raptor" Series Announced, Based on Debian GNU/Linux 8 Jessie
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====================================================================================
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keyword : Robolinux 8.4 LTS , Robolinux 8.4 Cinnamon , Robolinux 8.4 MATE , Robolinux 8.4 Xfce , Debian 8
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> It runs Windows 7 and 10 virus-free in stealth VMs
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### The developer of the Robolinux project has announced the release of his latest Robolinux 8.4 LTS "Raptor" series of Debian-based operating systems, which includes numerous software updates and performance improvements.
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Usually, the Robolinux developer [announces][1] only one edition at a time for a new major release of the GNU/Linux distribution, but today's announcement includes details about the availability for download of the Robolinux 8.4 LTS Cinnamon, MATE, Xfce, and LXDE editions, as both 64-bit and 32-bit variants.
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The long-term supported Robolinux 8.4 series of distributions has been in development for the last three and a half months, during which it has been synchronized with the upstream Debian GNU/Linux 8 (Jessie) repositories, thus adding all the latest security patches and software updates.
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"Three and a half months of hard work went into finding every way possible to optimize and speed up our series 8 Robolinux 'Raptor' operating systems," say the devs. "The result is we have significantly decreased the time it takes to load applications, bootup and shutdown all four of our upgraded Robolinux Raptor series versions.
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### The Raptor series is supported until 2020
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Powered by Debian GNU/Linux 8's Linux 3.16 kernel, all the Robolinux 8.4 LTS "Raptor" editions have been rebased on the current stable Debian 8.3 source code, including over 180 upstream security and application updates. As Google ended support for the 32-bit version of its Google Chrome web browser, Robolinux now switches to Chromium.
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Other important software updates include the Mozilla Firefox 45.0 web browser, Mozilla Thunderbird 38.7.0 email and news client, Tor Browser 5.5, and VirtualBox 5.0. As usual, all Robolinux flavors come with numerous popular apps, including but not limited to Google Earth, Skype, Tor, I2P, Kazam, and a collection of useful security and privacy apps.
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Robolinux is a distribution targeted at new Linux users, so as expected, it includes the stealth virtual machine technology that lets them run the Microsoft Windows XP, Windows 7, and Windows 10 operating systems virus-free. Best of all, the Robolinux 8 "Raptor" LTS series is supported with software updates and security patches until the year 2020.
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While newcomers can [download the Robolinux 8.4 LTS Cinnamon, MATE][2], [Xfce][3], and [LXDE][4] editions right now from our website, current Robolinux 8 users can upgrade to the 8.4 release using the built-in "Robolinux Auto Upgrade" button in the Applications Menu.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/robolinux-8-4-lts-raptor-series-announced-based-on-debian-gnu-linux-8-jessie-501899.shtml
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作者：[Marius Nestor][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]: http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/marius-nestor
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[1]: https://robolinux.org/downloads/v8.4-details.html
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[2]: http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/Operating-Systems/Linux-Distributions/Robolinux-102332.shtml
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[3]: http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Robolinux-Xfce-103540.shtml
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[4]: http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Robolinux-LXDE-103691.shtml
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@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
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5 best open source board games to play online
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================================================================================
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I have always had a fascination with board games, in part because they are a device of social interaction, they challenge the mind and, most importantly, they are great fun to play. In my misspent youth, myself and a group of friends gathered together to escape the horrors of the classroom, and indulge in a little escapism. The time provided an outlet for tension and rivalry. Board games help teach diplomacy, how to make and break alliances, bring families and friends together, and learn valuable lessons.
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I had a panache for abstract strategy games such as chess and draughts, as well as word games. I can still never resist a game of Escape from Colditz, a strategy card and dice-based board game, or Risk; two timeless multi-player strategy board games. But Catan remains my favourite board game.
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Board games have seen a resurgence in recent years, and Linux has a good range of board games to choose from. There is a credible implementation of Catan called Pioneers. But for my favourite implementations of classic board games to play online, check out the recommendations below.
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----------
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### TripleA ###
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TripleA is an open source online turn based strategy game. It allows people to implement and play various strategy board games (ie. Axis & Allies). The TripleA engine has full networking support for online play, support for sounds, XML support for game files, and has its own imaging subsystem that allows for customized user editable maps to be used. TripleA is versatile, scalable and robust.
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TripleA started out as a World War II simulation, but now includes different conflicts, as well as variations and mods of popular games and maps. TripleA comes with multiple games and over 100 more games can be downloaded from the user community.
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Features include:
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- Good interface and attractive graphics
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- Optional scenarios
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- Multiplayer games
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- TripleA comes with the following supported games that uses its game engine (just to name a few):
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- Axis & Allies : Classic edition (2nd, 3rd with options enabled)
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- Axis & Allies : Revised Edition
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- Pact of Steel A&A Variant
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- Big World 1942 A&A Variant
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- Four if by Sea
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- Battle Ship Row
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- Capture The Flag
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- Minimap
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- Hot-seat
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- Play By EMail mode allows persons to play a game via EMail without having to be connected to each other online
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- More time to think out moves
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- Only need to come online to send your turn to the next player
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- Dice rolls are done by a dedicated dice server that is independent of TripleA
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- All dice rolls are PGP Verified and email to every player
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- Every move and every dice roll is logged and saved in TripleA's History Window
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- An online game can be later continued under PBEM mode
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- Hard for others to cheat
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- Hosted online lobby
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- Utilities for editing maps
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- Website: [triplea.sourceforge.net][1]
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- Developer: Sean Bridges (original developer), Mark Christopher Duncan
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- License: GNU GPL v2
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- Version Number: 1.8.0.7
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----------
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### Domination ###
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Domination is an open source game that shares common themes with the hugely popular Risk board game. It has many game options and includes many maps.
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In the classic “World Domination” game of military strategy, you are battling to conquer the world. To win, you must launch daring attacks, defend yourself to all fronts, and sweep across vast continents with boldness and cunning. But remember, the dangers, as well as the rewards, are high. Just when the world is within your grasp, your opponent might strike and take it all away!
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Features include:
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- Simple to learn
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- Domination - you must occupy all countries on the map, and thereby eliminate all opponents. These can be long, drawn out games
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- Capital - each player has a country they have selected as a Capital. To win the game, you must occupy all Capitals
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- Mission - each player draws a random mission. The first to complete their mission wins. Missions may include the elimination of a certain colour, occupation of a particular continent, or a mix of both
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- Map editor
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- Simple map format
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- Multiplayer network play
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- Single player
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- Hotseat
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- 5 user interfaces
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- Game types:
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- Play online
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- Website: [domination.sourceforge.net][2]
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- Developer: Yura Mamyrin, Christian Weiske, Mike Chaten, and many others
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- License: GNU GPL v3
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- Version Number: 1.1.1.5
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----------
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### PyChess ###
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PyChess is a Gnome inspired chess client written in Python.
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||||
|
||||
The goal of PyChess, is to provide a fully featured, nice looking, easy to use chess client for the gnome-desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
The client should be usable both to those totally new to chess, those who want to play an occasional game, and those who wants to use the computer to further enhance their play.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Attractive interface
|
||||
- Chess Engine Communication Protocol (CECP) and Univeral Chess Interface (UCI) Engine support
|
||||
- Free online play on the Free Internet Chess Server (FICS)
|
||||
- Read and writes PGN, EPD and FEN chess file formats
|
||||
- Built-in Python based engine
|
||||
- Undo and pause functions
|
||||
- Board and piece animation
|
||||
- Drag and drop
|
||||
- Tabbed interface
|
||||
- Hints and spyarrows
|
||||
- Opening book sidepanel using sqlite
|
||||
- Score plot sidepanel
|
||||
- "Enter game" in pgn dialog
|
||||
- Optional sounds
|
||||
- Legal move highlighting
|
||||
- Internationalised or figure pieces in notation
|
||||
- Website: [www.pychess.org][3]
|
||||
- Developer: Thomas Dybdahl Ahle
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.12 Anderssen rc4
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Scrabble ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Scrabble3D is a highly customizable Scrabble game that not only supports Classic Scrabble and Superscrabble but also 3D games and own boards. You can play local against the computer or connect to a game server to find other players.
|
||||
|
||||
Scrabble is a board game with the goal to place letters crossword like. Up to four players take part and get a limited amount of letters (usually 7 or 8). Consecutively, each player tries to compose his letters to one or more word combining with the placed words on the game array. The value of the move depends on the letters (rare letter get more points) and bonus fields which multiply the value of a letter or the whole word. The player with most points win.
|
||||
|
||||
This idea is extended with Scrabble3D to the third dimension. Of course, a classic game with 15x15 fields or Superscrabble with 21x21 fields can be played and you may configure any field setting by yourself. The game can be played by the provided freeware program against Computer, other local players or via internet. Last but not least it's possible to connect to a game server to find other players and to obtain a rating. Most options are configurable, including the number and valuation of letters, the used dictionary, the language of dialogs and certainly colors, fonts etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Configurable board, letterset and design
|
||||
- Board in OpenGL graphics with user-definable wavefront model
|
||||
- Game against computer with support of multithreading
|
||||
- Post-hoc game analysis with calculation of best move by computer
|
||||
- Match with other players connected on a game server
|
||||
- NSA rating and highscore at game server
|
||||
- Time limit of games
|
||||
- Localization; use of non-standard digraphs like CH, RR, LL and right to left reading
|
||||
- Multilanguage help / wiki
|
||||
- Network games are buffered and asynchronous games are possible
|
||||
- Running games can be kibitzed
|
||||
- International rules including italian "Cambio Secco"
|
||||
- Challenge mode, What-if-variant, CLABBERS, etc
|
||||
- Website: [sourceforge.net/projects/scrabble][4]
|
||||
- Developer: Heiko Tietze
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v3
|
||||
- Version Number: 3.1.3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Backgammon ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GNU Backgammon (gnubg) is a strong backgammon program (world-class with a bearoff database installed) usable either as an engine by other programs or as a standalone backgammon game. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to supporting simple play, it also has extensive analysis features, a tutor mode, adjustable difficulty, and support for exporting annotated games.
|
||||
|
||||
It currently plays at about the level of a championship flight tournament player and is gradually improving.
|
||||
|
||||
gnubg can be played on numerous on-line backgammon servers, such as the First Internet Backgammon Server (FIBS).
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- A command line interface (with full command editing features if GNU readline is available) that lets you play matches and sessions against GNU Backgammon with a rough ASCII representation of the board on text terminals
|
||||
- Support for a GTK+ interface with a graphical board window. Both 2D and 3D graphics are available
|
||||
- Tournament match and money session cube handling and cubeful play
|
||||
- Support for both 1-sided and 2-sided bearoff databases: 1-sided bearoff database for 15 checkers on the first 6 points and optional 2-sided database kept in memory. Optional larger 1-sided and 2-sided databases stored on disk
|
||||
- Automated rollouts of positions, with lookahead and race variance reduction where appropriate. Rollouts may be extended
|
||||
- Functions to generate legal moves and evaluate positions at varying search depths
|
||||
- Neural net functions for giving cubeless evaluations of all other contact and race positions
|
||||
- Automatic and manual annotation (analysis and commentary) of games and matches
|
||||
- Record keeping of statistics of players in games and matches (both native inside GNU Backgammon and externally using relational databases and Python)
|
||||
- Loading and saving analyzed games and matches as .sgf files (Smart Game Format)
|
||||
- Exporting positions, games and matches to: (.eps) Encapsulated Postscript, (.gam) Jellyfish Game, (.html) HTML, (.mat) Jellyfish Match, (.pdf) PDF, (.png) Portable Network Graphics, (.pos) Jellyfish Position, (.ps) PostScript, (.sgf) Gnu Backgammon File, (.tex) LaTeX, (.txt) Plain Text, (.txt) Snowie Text
|
||||
- Import of matches and positions from a number of file formats: (.bkg) Hans Berliner's BKG Format, (.gam) GammonEmpire Game, (.gam) PartyGammon Game, (.mat) Jellyfish Match, (.pos) Jellyfish Position, (.sgf) Gnu Backgammon File, (.sgg) GamesGrid Save Game, (.tmg) TrueMoneyGames, (.txt) Snowie Text
|
||||
- Python Scripting
|
||||
- Native language support; 10 languages complete or in progress
|
||||
- Website: [www.gnubg.org][5]
|
||||
- Developer: Joseph Heled, Oystein Johansen, Jonathan Kinsey, David Montgomery, Jim Segrave, Joern Thyssen, Gary Wong and contributors
|
||||
- License: GPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.05.000
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150830011533893/BoardGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://triplea.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:http://domination.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.pychess.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/scrabble/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.gnubg.org/
|
||||
@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks among platforms, frameworks, databases, and all the other tools that programmers use
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source development tools ###
|
||||
|
||||
There must be a better way, right? The developers are the ones who find it. This year's winning projects in the application development category include client-side frameworks, server-side frameworks, mobile frameworks, databases, languages, libraries, editors, and yeah, Docker. These are our top picks among all of the tools that make it faster and easier to build better applications.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker ###
|
||||
|
||||
The darling of container fans almost everywhere, [Docker][2] provides a low-overhead way to isolate an application or service’s environment, which serves its stated goal of being an open platform for building, shipping, and running distributed applications. Docker has been widely supported, even among those seeking to replace the Docker container format with an alternative, more secure runtime and format, specifically Rkt and AppC. Heck, Microsoft Visual Studio now supports deploying into a Docker container too.
|
||||
|
||||
Docker’s biggest impact has been on virtual machine environments. Since Docker containers run inside the operating system, many more Docker containers than virtual machines can run in a given amount of RAM. This is important because RAM is usually the scarcest and most expensive resource in a virtualized environment.
|
||||
|
||||
There are hundreds of thousands of runnable public images on Docker Hub, of which a few hundred are official, and the rest are from the community. You describe Docker images with a Dockerfile and build images locally from the Docker command line. You can add both public and private image repositories to Docker Hub.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Node.js and io.js ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Node.js][2] -- and its recently reunited fork [io.js][3] -- is a platform built on [Google Chrome's V8 JavaScript runtime][4] for building fast, scalable, network applications. Node uses an event-driven, nonblocking I/O model without threads. In general, Node tends to take less memory and CPU resources than other runtime engines, such as Java and the .Net Framework. For example, a typical Node.js Web server can run well in a 512MB instance on Cloud Foundry or a 512MB Docker container.
|
||||
|
||||
The Node repository on GitHub has more than 35,000 stars and more than 8,000 forks. The project, sponsored primarily by Joyent, has more than 600 contributors. Some of the more famous Node applications are 37Signals, [Ancestry.com][5], Chomp, the Wall Street Journal online, FeedHenry, [GE.com][6], Mockingbird, [Pearson.com][7], Shutterstock, and Uber. The popular IoT back-end Node-RED is built on Node, as are many client apps, such as Brackets and Nuclide.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### AngularJS ###
|
||||
|
||||
[AngularJS][8] (or simply Angular, among friends) is a Model-View-Whatever (MVW) JavaScript AJAX framework that extends HTML with markup for dynamic views and data binding. Angular is especially good for developing single-page Web applications and linking HTML forms to models and JavaScript controllers.
|
||||
|
||||
The weird sounding Model-View-Whatever pattern is an attempt to include the Model-View-Controller, Model-View-ViewModel, and Model-View-Presenter patterns under one moniker. The differences among these three closely related patterns are the sorts of topics that programmers love to argue about fiercely; the Angular developers decided to opt out of the discussion.
|
||||
|
||||
Basically, Angular automatically synchronizes data from your UI (view) with your JavaScript objects (model) through two-way data binding. To help you structure your application better and make it easy to test, AngularJS teaches the browser how to do dependency injection and inversion of control.
|
||||
|
||||
Angular was created by Google and open-sourced under the MIT license; there are currently more than 1,200 contributors to the project on GitHub, and the repository has more than 40,000 stars and 18,000 forks. The Angular site lists [210 “neat things” built with Angular][9].
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### React ###
|
||||
|
||||
[React][10] is a JavaScript library for building a UI or view, typically for single-page applications. Note that React does not implement anything having to do with a model or controller. React pages can render on the server or the client; rendering on the server (with Node.js) is typically much faster. People often combine React with AngularJS to create complete applications.
|
||||
|
||||
React combines JavaScript and HTML in a single file, optionally a JSX component. React fans like the way JSX components combine views and their related functionality in one file, though that flies in the face of the last decade of Web development trends, which were all about separating the markup and the code. React fans also claim that you can’t understand it until you’ve tried it. Perhaps you should; the React repository on GitHub has 26,000 stars.
|
||||
|
||||
[React Native][11] implements React with native iOS controls; the React Native command line uses Node and Xcode. [ReactJS.Net][12] integrates React with [ASP.Net][13] and C#. React is available under a BSD license with a patent license grant from Facebook.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Atom ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Atom][14] is an open source, hackable desktop editor from GitHub, based on Web technologies. It’s a full-featured tool with a fuzzy finder; fast projectwide search and replace; multiple cursors and selections; multiple panes, snippets, code folding; and the ability to import TextMate grammars and themes. Out of the box, Atom displayed proper syntax highlighting for every programming language on which I tried it, except for F# and C#; I fixed that easily by loading those packages from within Atom. Not surprising, Atom has tight integration with GitHub.
|
||||
|
||||
The skeleton of Atom has been separated from the guts and called the Electron shell, providing an open source way to build cross-platform desktop apps with Web technologies. Visual Studio Code is built on the Electron shell, as are a number of proprietary and open source apps, including Slack and Kitematic. Facebook Nuclide adds significant functionality to Atom, including remote development and support for Flow, Hack, and Mercurial.
|
||||
|
||||
On the downside, updating Atom packages can become painful, especially if you have many of them installed. The Nuclide packages seem to be the worst offenders -- they not only take a long time to update, they run CPU-intensive Node processes to do so.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Brackets ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Brackets][15] is a lightweight editor for Web design that Adobe developed and open-sourced, drawing heavily on other open source projects. The idea is to build better tooling for JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and related open Web technologies. Brackets itself is written in JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, and the developers use Brackets to build Brackets. The editor portion is based on another open source project, CodeMirror, and the Brackets native shell is based on Google’s Chromium Embedded Framework.
|
||||
|
||||
Brackets features a clean UI, with the ability to open a quick inline editor that displays all of the related CSS for some HTML, or all of the related JavaScript for some scripting, and a live preview for Web pages that you are editing. New in Brackets 1.4 is instant search in files, easier preferences editing, the ability to enable and disable extensions individually, improved text rendering on Macs, and Greek and Cyrillic character support. Last November, Adobe started shipping a preview version of Extract for Brackets, which can pull out design information from Photoshop files, as part of the default download for Brackets.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### TypeScript ###
|
||||
|
||||
[TypeScript][16] is a portable, duck-typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. The goal of the project is to make JavaScript usable for large applications. In pursuit of that goal, TypeScript adds optional types, classes, and modules to JavaScript, and it supports tools for large-scale JavaScript applications. Typing gets rid of some of the nonsensical and potentially buggy default behavior in JavaScript, for example:
|
||||
|
||||
> 1 + "1"
|
||||
'11'
|
||||
|
||||
“Duck” typing means that the type checking focuses on the shape of the data values; TypeScript describes basic types, interfaces, and classes. While the current version of JavaScript does not support traditional, class-based, object-oriented programming, the ECMAScript 6 specification does. TypeScript compiles ES6 classes into plain, compatible JavaScript, with prototype-based objects, unless you enable ES6 output using the `--target` compiler option.
|
||||
|
||||
Visual Studio includes TypeScript in the box, starting with Visual Studio 2013 Update 2. You can also edit TypeScript in Visual Studio Code, WebStorm, Atom, Sublime Text, and Eclipse.
|
||||
|
||||
When using an external JavaScript library, or new host API, you'll need to use a declaration file (.d.ts) to describe the shape of the library. You can often find declaration files in the [DefinitelyTyped][17] repository, either by browsing, using the [TSD definition manager][18], or using NuGet.
|
||||
|
||||
TypeScript’s GitHub repository has more than 6,000 stars.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Swagger ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Swagger][19] is a language-agnostic interface to RESTful APIs, with tooling that gives you interactive documentation, client SDK generation, and discoverability. It’s one of several recent attempts to codify the description of RESTful APIs, in the spirit of WSDL for XML Web Services (2000) and CORBA for distributed object interfaces (1991).
|
||||
|
||||
The tooling makes Swagger especially interesting. [Swagger-UI][20] automatically generates beautiful documentation and a live API sandbox from a Swagger-compliant API. The [Swagger codegen][21] project allows generation of client libraries automatically from a Swagger-compliant server.
|
||||
|
||||
[Swagger Editor][22] lets you edit Swagger API specifications in YAML inside your browser and preview documentations in real time. Valid Swagger JSON descriptions can then be generated and used with the full Swagger tooling.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Swagger JS][23] library is a fast way to enable a JavaScript client to communicate with a Swagger-enabled server. Additional clients exist for Clojure, Go, Java, .Net, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Scala.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Amazon API Gateway][24] is a managed service for API management at scale. It can import Swagger specifications using an open source [Swagger Importer][25] tool.
|
||||
|
||||
Swagger and friends use the Apache 2.0 license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Polymer ###
|
||||
|
||||
The [Polymer][26] library is a lightweight, “sugaring” layer on top of the Web components APIs to help in building your own Web components. It adds several features for greater ease in building complex elements, such as creating custom element registration, adding markup to your element, configuring properties on your element, setting the properties with attributes, data binding with mustache syntax, and internal styling of elements.
|
||||
|
||||
Polymer also includes libraries of prebuilt elements. The Iron library includes elements for working with layout, user input, selection, and scaffolding apps. The Paper elements implement Google's Material Design. The Gold library includes elements for credit card input fields for e-commerce, the Neon elements implement animations, the Platinum library implements push messages and offline caching, and the Google Web Components library is exactly what it says; it includes wrappers for YouTube, Firebase, Google Docs, Hangouts, Google Maps, and Google Charts.
|
||||
|
||||
Polymer Molecules are elements that wrap other JavaScript libraries. The only Molecule currently implemented is for marked, a Markdown library. The Polymer repository on GitHub currently has 12,000 stars. The software is distributed under a BSD-style license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Ionic ###
|
||||
|
||||
The [Ionic][27] framework is a front-end SDK for building hybrid mobile apps, using Angular.js and Cordova, PhoneGap, or Trigger.io. Ionic was designed to be similar in spirit to the Android and iOS SDKs, and to do a minimum of DOM manipulation and use hardware-accelerated transitions to keep the rendering speed high. Ionic is focused mainly on the look and feel and UI interaction of your app.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the framework, Ionic encompasses an ecosystem of mobile development tools and resources. These include Chrome-based tools, Angular extensions for Cordova capabilities, back-end services, a development server, and a shell View App to enable testers to use your Ionic code on their devices without the need for you to distribute beta apps through the App Store or Google Play.
|
||||
|
||||
Appery.io integrated Ionic into its low-code builder in July 2015. Ionic’s GitHub repository has more than 18,000 stars and more than 3,000 forks. Ionic is distributed under an MIT license and currently runs in UIWebView for iOS 7 and later, and in Android 4.1 and up.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Cordova ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Apache Cordova][28] is the open source project spun off when Adobe acquired PhoneGap from Nitobi. Cordova is a set of device APIs, plus some tooling, that allows a mobile app developer to access native device functionality like the camera and accelerometer from JavaScript. When combined with a UI framework like Angular, it allows a smartphone app to be developed with only HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. By using Cordova plug-ins for multiple devices, you can generate hybrid apps that share a large portion of their code but also have access to a wide range of platform capabilities. The HTML5 markup and code runs in a WebView hosted by the Cordova shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Cordova is one of the cross-platform mobile app options supported by Visual Studio 2015. Several companies offer online builders for Cordova apps, similar to the Adobe PhoneGap Build service. Online builders save you from having to install and maintain most of the device SDKs on which Cordova relies.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Famous Engine ###
|
||||
|
||||
The high-performance Famo.us JavaScript framework introduced last year has become the [Famous Engine][29] and [Famous Framework][30]. The Famous Engine runs in a mixed mode, with the DOM and WebGL under a single coordinate system. As before, Famous structures applications in a scene graph hierarchy, but now it produces very little garbage (reducing the garbage collector overhead) and sustains 60FPS animations.
|
||||
|
||||
The Famous Physics engine has been refactored to its own, fine-grained module so that you can load only the features you need. Other improvements since last year include streamlined eventing, improved sizing, decoupling the scene graph from the rendering pipeline by using a draw command buffer, and switching to a fully open MIT license.
|
||||
|
||||
The new Famous Framework is an alpha-stage developer preview built on the Famous Engine; its goal is creating reusable, composable, and interchangeable UI widgets and applications. Eventually, Famous hopes to replace the jQuery UI widgets with Famous Framework widgets, but while it's promising, the Famous Framework is nowhere near production-ready.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### MongoDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[MongoDB][31] is no stranger to the Bossies or to the ever-growing and ever-competitive NoSQL market. If you still aren't familiar with this very popular technology, here's a brief overview: MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented database, favoring JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas that make data integration easier and faster.
|
||||
|
||||
MongoDB has attractive features, including but not limited to ad hoc queries, flexible indexing, replication, high availability, automatic sharding, load balancing, and aggregation.
|
||||
|
||||
The big, bold move with [version 3.0 this year][32] was the new WiredTiger storage engine. We can now have document-level locking. This makes “normal” applications a whole lot more scalable and makes MongoDB available to more use cases.
|
||||
|
||||
MongoDB has a growing open source ecosystem with such offerings as the [TokuMX engine][33], from the famous MySQL bad boys Percona. The long list of MongoDB customers includes heavy hitters such as Craigslist, eBay, Facebook, Foursquare, Viacom, and the New York Times.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Couchbase ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Couchbase][34] is another distributed, document-oriented database that has been making waves in the NoSQL world for quite some time now. Couchbase and MongoDB often compete, but they each have their sweet spots. Couchbase tends to outperform MongoDB when doing more in memory is possible.
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, Couchbase’s mobile features allow you to disconnect and ship a database in compact format. This allows you to scale down as well as up. This is useful not just for mobile devices but also for specialized applications, like shipping medical records across radio waves in Africa.
|
||||
|
||||
This year Couchbase added N1QL, a SQL-based query language that did away with Couchbase’s biggest obstacle, requiring static views. The new release also introduced multidimensional scaling. This allows individual scaling of services such as querying, indexing, and data storage to improve performance, instead of adding an entire, duplicate node.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Cassandra ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Cassandra][35] is the other white meat of column family databases. HBase might be included with your favorite Hadoop distribution, but Cassandra is the one people deliberately deploy for specialized applications. There are good reasons for this.
|
||||
|
||||
Cassandra was designed for high workloads of both writes and reads where millisecond consistency isn't as important as throughput. HBase is optimized for reads and greater write consistency. To a large degree, Cassandra tends to be used for operational systems and HBase more for data warehouse and batch-system-type use cases.
|
||||
|
||||
While Cassandra has not received as much attention as other NoSQL databases and slipped into a quiet period a couple years back, it is widely used and deployed, and it's a great fit for time series, product catalog, recommendations, and other applications. If you want to keep a cluster up “no matter what” with multiple masters and multiple data centers, and you need to scale with lots of reads and lots of writes, Cassandra might just be your Huckleberry.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OrientDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OrientDB][36] is an interesting hybrid in the NoSQL world, combining features from a document database, where individual documents can have multiple fields without necessarily defining a schema, and a graph database, which consists of a set of nodes and edges. At a basic level, OrientDB considers the document as a vertex, and relationships between fields as graph edges. Because the relationships between elements are part of the record, no costly joins are required when querying data.
|
||||
|
||||
Like most databases today, OrientDB offers linear scalability via a distributed architecture. Adding capacity is a matter of simply adding more nodes to the cluster. Queries are written in a variant of SQL that is extended to support graph concepts. It's not exactly SQL, but data analysts shouldn't have too much trouble adapting. Language bindings are available for most commonly used languages, such as R, Scala, .Net, and C, and those integrating OrientDB into their applications will find an active user community to get help from.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### RethinkDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[RethinkDB][37] is a scalable, real-time JSON database with the ability to continuously push updated query results to applications that subscribe to changes. There are official RethinkDB drivers for Ruby, Python, and JavaScript/Node.js, and community-supported drivers for more than a dozen other languages, including C#, Go, and PHP.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s temping to confuse RethinkDB with real-time sync APIs, such as Firebase and PubNub. RethinkDB can be run as a cloud service like Firebase and PubNub, but you can also install it on your own hardware or Docker containers. RethinkDB does more than synchronize: You can run arbitrary RethinkDB queries, including table joins, subqueries, geospatial queries, and aggregation. Finally, RethinkDB is designed to be accessed from an application server, not a browser.
|
||||
|
||||
Where MongoDB requires you to poll the database to see changes, RethinkDB lets you subscribe to a stream of changes to a query result. You can shard and scale RethinkDB easily, unlike MongoDB. Also unlike relational databases, RethinkDB does not give you full ACID support or strong schema enforcement, although it can perform joins.
|
||||
|
||||
The RethinkDB repository has 10,000 stars on GitHub, a remarkably high number for a database. It is licensed with the Affero GPL 3.0; the drivers are licensed with Apache 2.0.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Rust ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Rust][38] is a syntactically C-like systems programming language from Mozilla Research that guarantees memory safety and offers painless concurrency (that is, no data races). It does not have a garbage collector and has minimal runtime overhead. Rust is strongly typed with type inference. This is all promising.
|
||||
|
||||
Rust was designed for performance. It doesn’t yet demonstrate great performance, however, so now the mantra seems to be that it runs as fast as C++ code that implements all the safety checks built into Rust. I’m not sure whether I believe that, as in many cases the strictest safety checks for C/C++ code are done by static and dynamic analysis and testing, which don’t add any runtime overhead. Perhaps Rust performance will come with time.
|
||||
|
||||
So far, the only tools for Rust are the Cargo package manager and the rustdoc documentation generator, plus a couple of simple Rust plug-ins for programming editors. As far as we have heard, there is no shipping software that was actually built with Rust. Now that Rust has reached the 1.0 milestone, we might expect that to change.
|
||||
|
||||
Rust is distributed with a dual Apache 2.0 and MIT license. With 13,000 stars on its GitHub repository, Rust is certainly attracting attention, but when and how it will deliver real benefits remains to be seen.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenCV ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OpenCV][39] (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is a computer vision and machine learning library that contains about 500 algorithms, such as face detection, moving object tracking, image stitching, red-eye removal, machine learning, and eye movement tracking. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Android, and iOS.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCV has official C++, C, Python, Java, and MATLAB interfaces, and wrappers in other languages such as C#, Perl, and Ruby. CUDA and OpenCL interfaces are under active development. OpenCV was originally (1999) an Intel Research project in Russia; from there it moved to the robotics research lab Willow Garage (2008) and finally to [OpenCV.org][39] (2012) with a core team at Itseez, current source on GitHub, and stable snapshots on SourceForge.
|
||||
|
||||
Users of OpenCV include Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Intel, IBM, Sony, Honda, and Toyota. There are currently more than 6,000 stars and 5,000 forks on the GitHub repository. The project uses a BSD license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LLVM ###
|
||||
|
||||
The [LLVM Project][40] is a collection of modular and reusable compiler and tool chain technologies, which originated at the University of Illinois. LLVM has grown to include a number of subprojects, several of which are interesting in their own right. LLVM is distributed with Debian, Ubuntu, and Apple Xcode, among others, and it’s used in commercial products from the likes of Adobe (including After Effects), Apple (including Objective-C and Swift), Cray, Intel, NVIDIA, and Siemens. A few of the open source projects that depend on LLVM are PyPy, Mono, Rubinius, Pure, Emscripten, Rust, and Julia. Microsoft has recently contributed LLILC, a new LLVM-based compiler for .Net, to the .Net Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
The main LLVM subprojects are the core libraries, which provide optimization and code generation; Clang, a C/C++/Objective-C compiler that’s about three times faster than GCC; LLDB, a much faster debugger than GDB; libc++, an implementation of the C++ 11 Standard Library; and OpenMP, for parallel programming.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][41]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][42]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][43]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][44]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][45]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][46]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.docker.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://nodejs.org/en/
|
||||
[3]:https://iojs.org/en/
|
||||
[4]:https://developers.google.com/v8/?hl=en
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ancestry.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.ge.com/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.pearson.com/
|
||||
[8]:https://angularjs.org/
|
||||
[9]:https://builtwith.angularjs.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://facebook.github.io/react/
|
||||
[11]:https://facebook.github.io/react-native/
|
||||
[12]:http://reactjs.net/
|
||||
[13]:http://asp.net/
|
||||
[14]:https://atom.io/
|
||||
[15]:http://brackets.io/
|
||||
[16]:http://www.typescriptlang.org/
|
||||
[17]:http://definitelytyped.org/
|
||||
[18]:http://definitelytyped.org/tsd/
|
||||
[19]:http://swagger.io/
|
||||
[20]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui
|
||||
[21]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-codegen
|
||||
[22]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-editor
|
||||
[23]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-js
|
||||
[24]:http://aws.amazon.com/cn/api-gateway/
|
||||
[25]:https://github.com/awslabs/aws-apigateway-importer
|
||||
[26]:https://www.polymer-project.org/
|
||||
[27]:http://ionicframework.com/
|
||||
[28]:https://cordova.apache.org/
|
||||
[29]:http://famous.org/
|
||||
[30]:http://famous.org/framework/
|
||||
[31]:https://www.mongodb.org/
|
||||
[32]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2878738/nosql/first-look-mongodb-30-for-mature-audiences.html
|
||||
[33]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2929772/nosql/mongodb-crossroads-growth-or-openness.html
|
||||
[34]:http://www.couchbase.com/nosql-databases/couchbase-server
|
||||
[35]:https://cassandra.apache.org/
|
||||
[36]:http://orientdb.com/
|
||||
[37]:http://rethinkdb.com/
|
||||
[38]:https://www.rust-lang.org/
|
||||
[39]:http://opencv.org/
|
||||
[40]:http://llvm.org/
|
||||
[41]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[42]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[43]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[44]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[45]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[46]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks in open source business applications, enterprise integration, and middleware
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source applications ###
|
||||
|
||||
Applications -- ERP, CRM, HRM, CMS, BPM -- are not only fertile ground for three-letter acronyms, they're the engines behind every modern business. Our top picks in the category include back- and front-office solutions, marketing automation, lightweight middleware, heavyweight middleware, and other tools for moving data around, mixing it together, and magically transforming it into smarter business decisions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### xTuple ###
|
||||
|
||||
Small and midsize companies with light manufacturing or distribution needs have a friend in [xTuple][1]. This modular ERP/CRM combo bundles operations and financial control, product and inventory management, and CRM and sales support. Its relatively simple install lets you deploy all of the modules or only what you need today -- helping trim support costs without sacrificing customization later.
|
||||
|
||||
This summer’s release brought usability improvements to the UI and a generous number of bug fixes. Recent updates also yielded barcode scanning and label printing for mobile warehouse workers, an enhanced workflow module (built with Plv8, a wrapper around Google’s V8 JavaScript engine that lets you write stored procedures for PostgreSQL in JavaScript), and quality management tools that are sure to get mileage on shop floors.
|
||||
|
||||
The xTuple codebase is JavaScript from stem to stern. The server components can all be installed locally, in xTuple’s cloud, or deployed as an appliance. A mobile Web client, and mobile CRM features, augment a good native desktop client.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Odoo ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Odoo][2] used to be known as OpenERP. Last year the company raised private capital and broadened its scope. Today Odoo is a one-stop shop for back office and customer-facing applications -- replete with content management, business intelligence, and e-commerce modules.
|
||||
|
||||
Odoo 8 fronts accounting, invoicing, project management, resource planning, and customer relationship management tools with a flexible Web interface that can be tailored to your company’s workflow. Add-on modules for warehouse management and HR, as well as for live chat and analytics, round out the solution.
|
||||
|
||||
This year saw Odoo focused primarily on usability updates. A recently released sales planner helps sales groups track KPIs, and a new tips feature lends in-context help. Odoo 9 is right around the corner with alpha builds showing customer portals, Web form creation tools, mobile and VoIP services, and integration hooks to eBay and Amazon.
|
||||
|
||||
Available for Windows and Linux, and as a SaaS offering, Odoo gives small and midsized companies an accessible set of tools to manage virtually every aspect of their business.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### iDempiere ###
|
||||
|
||||
Small and midsize companies have great choices in Odoo and xTuple. Larger manufacturing and distribution companies will need something more. For them, there’s [iDempiere][3] -- a well maintained offshoot of ADempiere with OSGi modularity.
|
||||
|
||||
iDempiere implements a fully loaded ERP, supply chain, and CRM suite right out of the box. Built with Java, iDempiere supports both PostgreSQL and Oracle Database, and it can be customized extensively through modules built to the OSGi specification. iDempiere is perfectly suited to managing complex business scenarios involving multiple partners, requiring dynamic reporting, or employing point-of-sale and warehouse services.
|
||||
|
||||
Being enterprise-ready comes with a price. iDempiere’s feature-rich tools and complexity impose a steep learning curve and require a commitment to integration support. Of course, those costs are offset by savings from the software’s free GPL2 licensing. iDempiere’s easy install script, small resource footprint, and clean interface also help alleviate some of the startup pains. There’s even a virtual appliance available on Sourceforge to get you started.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### SuiteCRM ###
|
||||
|
||||
SugarCRM held the sweet spot in open source CRM since, well, forever. Then last year Sugar announced it would no longer contribute to the open source Community Edition. Into the ensuing vacuum rushed [SuiteCRM][4] – a fork of the final Sugar code.
|
||||
|
||||
SuiteCRM 7.2 creates an experience on a par with SugarCRM Professional’s marketing, sales, and service tools. With add-on modules for workflow, reporting, and security, as well as new innovations like Lucene-driven search, taps for social media, and a beta reveal of new desktop notifications, SuiteCRM is on solid footing.
|
||||
|
||||
The Advanced Open Sales module provides a familiar migration path from Sugar, while commercial support is available from the likes of [SalesAgility][5], the company that forked SuiteCRM in the first place. In little more than a year, SuiteCRM rescued the code, rallied an inspired community, and emerged as a new leader in open source CRM. Who needs Sugar?
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CiviCRM ###
|
||||
|
||||
We typically focus attention on CRM vis-à-vis small and midsize business requirements. But nonprofit and advocacy groups need to engage with their “customers” too. Enter [CiviCRM][6].
|
||||
|
||||
CiviCRM addresses the needs of nonprofits with tools for fundraising and donation processing, membership management, email tracking, and event planning. Granular access control and security bring role-based permissions to views, keeping paid staff and volunteers partitioned and productive. This year CiviCRM continued to develop with new features like simple A/B testing and monitoring for email campaigns.
|
||||
|
||||
CiviCRM deploys as a plug-in to your WordPress, Drupal, or Joomla content management system -- a dead-simple install if you already have one of these systems in place. If you don’t, CiviCRM is an excellent reason to deploy the CMS. It’s a niche-filling solution that allows nonprofits to start using smarter, tailored tools for managing constituencies, without steep hurdles and training costs.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mautic ###
|
||||
|
||||
For marketers, the Internet -- Web, email, social, all of it -- is the stuff dreams are made on. [Mautic][7] allows you to create Web and email campaigns that track and nurture customer engagement, then roll all of the data into detailed reports to gain insight into customer needs and wants and how to meet them.
|
||||
|
||||
Open source options in marketing automation are few, but Mautic’s extensibility stands out even against closed solutions like IBM’s Silverpop. Mautic even integrates with popular third-party email marketing solutions (MailChimp, Constant Contact) and social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram) with quick-connect widgets.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of Mautic could stand to broaden the features for list segmentation and improve the navigability of their UI. Usability is also hindered by sparse documentation. But if you’re willing to rough it out long enough to learn your way, you’ll find a gem -- and possibly even gold -- in Mautic.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OrangeHRM ###
|
||||
|
||||
The commercial software market in the human resource management space is rather fragmented, with Talent, HR, and Workforce Management startups all vying for a slice of the pie. It’s little wonder the open source world hasn’t found much direction either, with the most ambitious HRM solutions often locked inside larger ERP distributions. [OrangeHRM][8] is a standout.
|
||||
|
||||
OrangeHRM tackles employee administration from recruitment and applicant tracking to performance reviews, with good audit trails throughout. An employee portal provides self-serve access to personal employment information, time cards, leave requests, and personnel documents, helping reduce demands on HR staff.
|
||||
|
||||
OrangeHRM doesn’t yet address niche aspects like talent management (social media, collaboration, knowledge banks), but it’s remarkably full-featured. Professional and Enterprise options offer more advanced functionality (in areas such as recruitment, training, on/off-boarding, document management, and mobile device access), while community modules are available for the likes of Active Directory/LDAP integration, advanced reporting, and even insurance benefit management.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice ###
|
||||
|
||||
[LibreOffice][9] is the easy choice for best open source office productivity suite. Originally forked from OpenOffice, Libre has been moving at a faster clip than OpenOffice ever since, drawing more developers and producing more new features than its rival.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 5.0, released only last month, offers UX improvements that truly enhance usability (like visual previews to style changes in the sidebar), brings document editing to Android devices (previously a view-only prospect), and finally delivers on a 64-bit Windows codebase.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice still lacks a built-in email client and a personal information manager, not to mention the real-time collaborative document editing available in Microsoft Office. But Libre can run off of a USB flash disk for portability, natively supports a greater number of graphic and file formats, and creates hybrid PDFs with embedded ODF files for full-on editing. Libre even imports Apple Pages documents, in addition to opening and saving all Microsoft Office formats.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice has done a solid job of tightening its codebase and delivering enhancements at a regular clip. With a new cloud version under development, LibreOffice will soon be more liberating than ever.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonita BPM ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open source BPM has become a mature, cost-effective alternative to the top proprietary solutions. Having led the charge since 2009, Bonitasoft continues to raise the bar. The new [Bonita BPM 7][10] release impresses with innovative features that simplify code generation and shorten development cycles for BPM app creation.
|
||||
|
||||
Most important to the new version, though, is better abstraction of underlying core business logic from UI and data components, allowing UIs and processes to be developed independently. This new MVC approach reduces downtime for live upgrades (no more recompilation!) and eases application maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
Bonita contains a winning set of connectors to a broad range of enterprise systems (ERP, CRM, databases) as well as to Web services. Complementing its process weaving tools, a new form designer (built on AngularJS/Bootstrap) goes a long way toward improving UI creation for the Web-centric and mobile workforce.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Camunda BPM ###
|
||||
|
||||
Many open source solutions, like Bonita BPM, offer solid, drop-in functionality. Dig into the code base, though, and you may find it’s not the cleanest to build upon. Enterprise Java developers who hang out under the hood should check out [Camunda BPM][11].
|
||||
|
||||
Forked from Alfresco Activiti (a creation of former Red Hat jBPM developers), Camunda BPM delivers a tight, Java-based BPMN 2.0 engine in support of human workflow activities, case management, and systems process automation that can be embedded in your Java apps or run as a container service in Tomcat. Camunda’s ecosystem offers an Eclipse plug-in for process modeling and the Cockpit dashboard brings real-time monitoring and management over running processes.
|
||||
|
||||
The Enterprise version adds WebSphere and WebLogic Server support. Additional incentives for the Enterprise upgrade include Saxon-driven XSLT templating (sidestepping the scripting engine) and add-ons to improve process management and exception handling.
|
||||
|
||||
Camunda is a solid BPM engine ready for build-out and one of the first open source process managers to introduce DMN (Decision Model and Notation) support, which helps to simplify complex rules-based modeling alongside BPMN. DMN support is currently at the alpha stage.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Talend Open Studio ###
|
||||
|
||||
No open source ETL or EAI solution comes close to [Talend Open Studio][12] in functionality, performance, or support of modern integration trends. This year Talend unleashed Open Studio 6, a new version with a streamlined UI and smarter tooling that brings it more in line with Talend’s cloud-based offering.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Open Studio you can visually design, test, and debug orchestrations that connect, transform, and synchronize data across a broad range of real-time applications and data resources. Talend’s wealth of connectors provides support for most any endpoint -- from flat files to Hadoop to Amazon S3. Packaged editions focus on specific scenarios such as big data integration, ESB, and data integrity monitoring.
|
||||
|
||||
New support for Java 8 brings a speed boost. The addition of support for MariaDB and for in-memory processing with MemSQL, as well as updates to the ESB engine, keep Talend in step with the community’s needs. Version 6 was a long time coming, but no less welcome for that. Talend Open Studio is still first in managing complex data integration -- in-house, in the cloud, or increasingly, a combination of the two.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Warewolf ESB ###
|
||||
|
||||
Complex integration patterns may demand the strengths of a Talend to get the job done. But for many lightweight microservices, the overhead of a full-fledged enterprise integration solution is extreme overkill.
|
||||
|
||||
[Warewolf ESB][13] combines a streamlined .Net-based process engine with visual development tools to provide for dead simple messaging and application payload routing in a native Windows environment. The Warewolf ESB is an “easy service bus,” not an enterprise service bus.
|
||||
|
||||
Drag-and-drop tooling in the design studio makes quick work of configuring connections and logic flows. Built-in wizardry handles Web services definitions and database calls, and it can even tap Windows DLLs and the command line directly. Using the visual debugger, you can inspect execution streams (if not yet actually step through them), then package everything for remote deployment.
|
||||
|
||||
Warewolf is still a .40.5 release and undergoing major code changes. It also lacks native connectors, easy transforms, and any means of scalability management. Be aware that the precompiled install demands collection of some usage statistics (I wish they would stop that). But Warewolf ESB is fast, free, and extensible. It’s a quirky, upstart project that offers definite benefits to Windows integration architects.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### KNIME ###
|
||||
|
||||
[KNIME][14] takes a code-free approach to predictive analytics. Using a graphical workbench, you wire together workflows from an abundant library of processing nodes, which handle data access, transformation, analysis, and visualization. With KNIME, you can pull data from databases and big data platforms, run ETL transformations, perform data mining with R, and produce custom reports in the end.
|
||||
|
||||
The company was busy this year rolling out the KNIME 2.12 update. The new release introduces MongoDB support, XPath nodes with autoquery creation, and a new view controller (based on the D3 JavaScript library) that creates interactive data visualizations on the fly. It also includes additional statistical nodes and a REST interface (KNIME Server edition) that provides services-based access to workflows.
|
||||
|
||||
KNIME’s core analytics engine is free open source. The company offers several fee-based extensions for clustering and collaboration. (A portion of your licensing fee actually funds the open source project.) KNIME Server (on-premise or cloud) ups the ante with security, collaboration, and workflow repositories -- all serving to inject analytics more productively throughout your business lines.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Teiid ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Teiid][15] is a data virtualization system that allows applications to use data from multiple, heterogeneous data stores. Currently a JBoss project, Teiid is backed by years of development from MetaMatrix and a long history of addressing the data access needs of the largest enterprise environments. I even see [uses for Teiid in Hadoop and big data environments][16].
|
||||
|
||||
In essence, Teiid allows you to connect all of your data sources into a “virtual” mega data source. You can define caching semantics, transforms, and other “configuration not code” transforms to load from multiple data sources using plain old SQL, XQuery, or procedural queries.
|
||||
|
||||
Teiid is primarily accessible through JBDC and has built-in support for Web services. Red Hat sells Teiid as [JBoss Data Virtualization][17].
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][18]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][19]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][20]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][22]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][23]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:http://xtuple.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://odoo.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://idempiere.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://suitecrm.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://salesagility.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://civicrm.org/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.mautic.org/
|
||||
[8]:http://www.orangehrm.com/
|
||||
[9]:http://libreoffice.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.bonitasoft.com/
|
||||
[11]:http://camunda.com/
|
||||
[12]:http://talend.com/
|
||||
[13]:http://warewolf.io/
|
||||
[14]:http://www.knime.org/
|
||||
[15]:http://teiid.jboss.org/
|
||||
[16]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2922180/application-development/database-virtualization-or-i-dont-want-to-do-etl-anymore.html
|
||||
[17]:http://www.jboss.org/products/datavirt/overview/
|
||||
[18]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[19]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks in distributed data processing, streaming analytics, machine learning, and other corners of large-scale data analytics
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source big data tools ###
|
||||
|
||||
How many Apache projects can sit on a pile of big data? Fire up your Hadoop cluster, and you might be able to count them. Among this year's Bossies in big data, you'll find the fastest, widest, and deepest newfangled solutions for large-scale SQL, stream processing, sort-of stream processing, and in-memory analytics, not to mention our favorite maturing members of the Hadoop ecosystem. It seems everyone has a nail to drive into MapReduce's coffin.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Spark ###
|
||||
|
||||
With hundreds of contributors, [Spark][1] is one of the most active and fastest-growing Apache projects, and with heavyweights like IBM throwing their weight behind the project and major corporations bringing applications into large-scale production, the momentum shows no signs of letting up.
|
||||
|
||||
The sweet spot for Spark continues to be machine learning. Highlights since last year include the replacement of the SchemaRDD with a Dataframes API, similar to those found in R and Pandas, making data access much simpler than with the raw RDD interface. Also new are ML pipelines for building repeatable machine learning workflows, expanded and optimized support for various storage formats, simpler interfaces to machine learning algorithms, improvements in the display of cluster resources usage, and task tracking.
|
||||
|
||||
On by default in Spark 1.5 is the off-heap memory manager, Tungsten, which offers much faster processing by fine-tuning data structure layout in memory. Finally, the new website, [spark-packages.org][2], with more than 100 third-party libraries, adds many useful features from the community.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Storm ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Apache Storm][3] is a Clojure-based distributed computation framework primarily for streaming real-time analytics. Storm is based on the [disruptor pattern][4] for low-latency complex event processing created LMAX. Unlike Spark, Storm can do single events as opposed to “micro-batches,” and it has a lower memory footprint. In my experience, it scales better for streaming, especially when you’re mainly streaming to ingest data into other data sources.
|
||||
|
||||
Storm’s profile has been eclipsed by Spark, but Spark is inappropriate for many streaming applications. Storm is frequently used with Apache Kafka.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### H2O ###
|
||||
|
||||
[H2O][5] is a distributed, in-memory processing engine for machine learning that boasts an impressive array of algorithms. Previously only available for R users, version 3.0 adds Python and Java language bindings, as well as a Spark execution engine for the back end. The best way to view H20 is as a very large memory extension of your R environment. Instead of working directly on large data sets, the R extensions communicate via a REST API with the H2O cluster, where H2O does the heavy lifting.
|
||||
|
||||
Several useful R packages such as ddply have been wrapped, allowing you to use them on data sets larger than the amount of RAM on the local machine. You can run H2O on EC2, on a Hadoop/YARN cluster, and on Docker containers. With Sparkling Water (Spark plus H2O) you can access Spark RDDs on the cluster side by side to, for example, process a data frame with Spark before passing it to an H2O machine learning algorithm.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Apex ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Apex][6] is an enterprise-grade, big data-in-motion platform that unifies stream processing as well as batch processing. A native YARN application, Apex processes streaming data in a scalable, fault-tolerant manner and provides all the common stream operators out of the box. One of the best things about Apex is that it natively supports the common event processing guarantees (exactly once, at least once, at most once). Formerly a commercial product by DataTorrent, Apex's roots show in the quality of the documentation, examples, code, and design. Devops and application development are cleanly separated, and user code generally doesn't have to be aware that it is running in a streaming cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
A related project, [Malhar][7], offers more than 300 commonly used operators and application templates that implement common business logic. The Malhar libraries significantly reduce the time it takes to develop an Apex application, and there are connectors (operators) for storage, file systems, messaging systems, databases, and nearly anything else you might want to connect to from an application. The operators can all be extended or customized to meet individual business's requirements. All Malhar components are available under the Apache license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Druid ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Druid][8], which moved to a commercially friendly Apache license in February of this year, is best described as a hybrid, “event streams meet OLAP” solution. Originally developed to analyze online events for ad markets, Druid allows users to do arbitrary and interactive exploration of time series data. Some of the key features include low-latency ingest of events, fast aggregations, and approximate and exact calculations.
|
||||
|
||||
At the heart of Druid is a custom data store that uses specialized nodes to handle each part of the problem. Real-time ingest is managed by real-time nodes (JVMs) that eventually flush data to historical nodes that are responsible for data that has aged. Broker nodes direct queries in a scatter-gather fashion to both real-time and historical nodes to give the user a complete picture of events. Benchmarked at a sustained 500K events per second and 1 million events per second peak, Druid is ideal as a real-time dashboard for ad-tech, network traffic, and other activity streams.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Flink ###
|
||||
|
||||
At its core, [Flink][9] is a data flow engine for event streams. Although superficially similar to Spark, Flink takes a different approach to in-memory processing. First, Flink was designed from the start as a stream processor. Batch is simply a special case of a stream with a beginning and an end, and Flink offers APIs for dealing with each case, the DataSet API (batch) and the DataStream API. Developers coming from the MapReduce world should feel right at home working with the DataSet API, and porting applications to Flink should be straightforward. In many ways Flink mirrors the simplicity and consistency that helped make Spark so popular. Like Spark, Flink is written in Scala.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of Flink clearly thought out usage and operations too: Flink works natively with YARN and Tez, and it uses an off-heap memory management scheme to work around some of the JVM limitations. A peek at the Flink JIRA site shows a healthy pace of development, and you’ll find an active community on the mailing lists and on StackOverflow as well.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Elasticsearch ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Elasticsearch][10] is a distributed document search server based on [Apache Lucene][11]. At its heart, Elasticsearch builds indices on JSON-formatted documents in nearly real time, enabling fast, full-text, schema-free queries. Combined with the open source Kibana dashboard, you can create impressive visualizations of your real-time data in a simple point-and-click fashion.
|
||||
|
||||
Elasticsearch is easy to set up and easy to scale, automatically making use of new hardware by rebalancing shards as required. The query syntax isn't at all SQL-like, but it is intuitive enough for anyone familiar with JSON. Most users won't be interacting at that level anyway. Developers can use the native JSON-over-HTTP interface or one of the several language bindings available, including Ruby, Python, PHP, Perl, .Net, Java, and JavaScript.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### SlamData ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are seeking a user-friendly tool to visualize and understand your newfangled NoSQL data, take a look at [SlamData][12]. SlamData allows you to query nested JSON data using familiar SQL syntax, without relocation or transformation.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the technology’s main features is its connectors. From MongoDB to HBase, Cassandra, and Apache Spark, SlamData taps external data sources with the industry's most advanced “pushdown” processing technology, performing transformations and analytics close to the data.
|
||||
|
||||
While you might ask, “Wouldn’t I be better off building a data lake or data warehouse?” consider the companies that were born in NoSQL. Skipping the ETL and simply connecting a visualization tool to a replica offers distinct advantages -- not only in terms of how up-to-date the data is, but in how many moving parts you have to maintain.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Drill ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Drill][13] is a distributed system for interactive analysis of large-scale data sets, inspired by [Google's Dremel][14]. Designed for low-latency analysis of nested data, Drill has a stated design goal of scaling to 10,000 servers and querying petabytes of data and trillions of records.
|
||||
|
||||
Nested data can be obtained from a variety of data sources (such as HDFS, HBase, Amazon S3, and Azure Blobs) and in multiple formats (including JSON, Avro, and protocol buffers), and you don't need to specify a schema up front (“schema on read”).
|
||||
|
||||
Drill uses ANSI SQL:2003 for its query language, so there's no learning curve for data engineers to overcome, and it allows you to join data across multiple data sources (for example, joining a table in HBase with logs in HDFS). Finally, Drill offers ODBC and JDBC interfaces to connect your favorite BI tools.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### HBase ###
|
||||
|
||||
[HBase][15] reached the 1.x milestone this year and continues to improve. Like other nonrelational distributed datastores, HBase excels at returning search results very quickly and for this reason is often used to back search engines, such as the ones at eBay, Bloomberg, and Yahoo. As a stable and mature software offering, HBase does not get fresh features as frequently as newer projects, but that's often good for enterprises.
|
||||
|
||||
Recent improvements include the addition of high-availability region servers, support for rolling upgrades, and YARN compatibility. Features in the works include scanner updates that promise to improve performance and the ability to use HBase as a persistent store for streaming applications like Storm and Spark. HBase can also be queried SQL style via the [Phoenix][16] project, now out of incubation, whose SQL compatibility is steadily improving. Phoenix recently added a Spark connector and the ability to add custom user-defined functions.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Hive ###
|
||||
|
||||
Although stable and mature for several years, [Hive][17] reached the 1.0 version milestone this year and continues to be the best solution when really heavy SQL lifting (many petabytes) is required. The community continues to focus on improving the speed, scale, and SQL compliance of Hive. Currently at version 1.2, significant improvements since its last Bossie include full ACID semantics, cross-data center replication, and a cost-based optimizer.
|
||||
|
||||
Hive 1.2 also brought improved SQL compliance, making it easier for organizations to use it to off-load ETL jobs from their existing data warehouses. In the pipeline are speed improvements with an in-memory cache called LLAP (which, from the looks of the JIRAs, is about ready for release), the integration of Spark machine learning libraries, and improved SQL constructs like nonequi joins, interval types, and subqueries.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Kylin ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Kylin][18] is an application developed at eBay for processing very large OLAP cubes via ANSI SQL, a task familiar to most data analysts. If you think about how many items are on sale now and in the past at eBay, and all the ways eBay might want to slice and dice data related to those items, you will begin to understand the types of queries Kylin was designed for.
|
||||
|
||||
Like most other analysis applications, Kylin supports multiple access methods, including JDBC, ODBC, and a REST API for programmatic access. Although Kylin is still in incubation at Apache, and the community nascent, the project is well documented and the developers are responsive and eager to understand customer use cases. Getting up and running with a starter cube was a snap. If you have a need for analysis of extremely large cubes, you should take a look at Kylin.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CDAP ###
|
||||
|
||||
[CDAP][19] (Cask Data Access Platform) is a framework running on top of Hadoop that abstracts away the complexity of building and running big data applications. CDAP is organized around two core abstractions: data and applications. CDAP Datasets are logical representations of data that behave uniformly regardless of the underlying storage layer; CDAP Streams provide similar support for real-time data.
|
||||
|
||||
Applications use CDAP services for things such as distributed transactions and service discovery to shield developers from the low-level details of Hadoop. CDAP comes with a data ingestion framework and a few prebuilt applications and “packs” for common tasks like ETL and website analytics, along with support for testing, debugging, and security. Like most formerly commercial (closed source) projects, CDAP benefits from good documentation, tutorials, and examples.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Ranger ###
|
||||
|
||||
Security has long been a sore spot with Hadoop. It isn’t (as is frequently reported) that Hadoop is “insecure” or “has no security.” Rather, the truth was more that Hadoop had too much security, though not in a good way. I mean that every component had its own authentication and authorization implementation that wasn’t integrated with the rest of platform.
|
||||
|
||||
Hortonworks acquired XA/Secure in May, and [a few renames later][20] we have [Ranger][21]. Ranger pulls many of the key components of Hadoop together under one security umbrella, allowing you to set a “policy” that ties your Hadoop security to your existing ACL-based Active Directory authentication and authorization. Ranger gives you one place to manage Hadoop access control, one place to audit, one place to manage the encryption, and a pretty Web page to do it from.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mesos ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Mesos][22], developed at the [AMPLab][23] at U.C. Berkeley that also brought us Spark, takes a different approach to managing cluster computing resources. The best way to describe Mesos is as a distributed microkernel for the data center. Mesos provides a minimal set of operating system mechanisms like inter-process communications, disk access, and memory to higher-level applications, called “frameworks” in Mesos-speak, that run in what is analogous to user space. Popular frameworks for Mesos include [Chronos][24] and [Aurora][25] for building ETL pipelines and job scheduling, and a few big data processing applications including Hadoop, Storm, and Spark, which have been ported to run as Mesos frameworks.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos applications (frameworks) negotiate for cluster resources using a two-level scheduling mechanism, so writing a Mesos application is unlikely to feel like a familiar experience to most developers. Although Mesos is a young project, momentum is growing, and with Spark being an exceptionally good fit for Mesos, we're likely to see more from Mesos in the coming years.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### NiFi ###
|
||||
|
||||
[NiFi][26] is an incubating Apache project to automate the flow of data between systems. It doesn't operate in the traditional space that Kafka and Storm do, but rather in the space between external devices and the data center. NiFi was originally developed by the NSA and donated to the open source community in 2014. It has a strong community of developers and users within various government agencies.
|
||||
|
||||
NiFi isn't like anything else in the current big data ecosystem. It is much closer to a tradition EAI (enterprise application integration) tool than a data processing platform, although simple transformations are possible. One interesting feature is the ability to debug and change data flows in real time. Although not quite a REPL (read, eval, print loop), this kind of paradigm dramatically shortens the development cycle by not requiring a compile-deploy-test-debug workflow. Other interesting features include a strong “chain of custody,” where each piece of data can be tracked from beginning to end, along with any changes made along the way. You can also prioritize data flows so that time-sensitive information can be received as quickly as possible, bypassing less time-critical events.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Kafka ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Kafka][27] has emerged as the de-facto standard for distributed publish-subscribe messaging in the big data space. Its design allows brokers to support thousands of clients at high rates of sustained message throughput, while maintaining durability through a distributed commit log. Kafka does this by maintaining what is essentially a single log file in HDFS. Since HDFS is a distributed storage system that keeps redundant copies, Kafka is protected.
|
||||
|
||||
When consumers want to read messages, Kafka looks up their offset in the central log and sends them. Because messages are not deleted immediately, adding consumers or replaying historical messages does not impose additional costs. Kafka has been benchmarked at 2 million writes per second by its developers at LinkedIn. Despite Kafka’s sub-1.0 version number, Kafka is a mature and stable product, in use in some of the largest clusters in the world.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenTSDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OpenTSDB][28] is a time series database built on HBase. It was designed specifically for analyzing data collected from applications, mobile devices, networking equipment, and other hardware devices. The custom HBase schema used to store the time series data has been designed for fast aggregations and minimal storage requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
By using HBase as the underlying storage layer, OpenTSDB gains the distributed and reliable characteristics of that system. Users don't interact with HBase directly; instead events are written to the system via the time series daemon (TSD), which can be scaled out as required to handle high-throughput situations. There are a number of prebuilt connectors to publish data to OpenTSDB, and clients to read data from Ruby, Python, and other languages. OpenTSDB isn't strong on creating interactive graphics, but several third-party tools fill that gap. If you are already using HBase and want a simple way to store event data, OpenTSDB might be just the thing.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Jupyter ###
|
||||
|
||||
Everybody's favorite notebook application went generic. [Jupyter][29] is “the language-agnostic parts of IPython” spun out into an independent package. Although Jupyter itself is written in Python, the system is modular. Now you can have an IPython-like interface, along with notebooks for sharing code, documentation, and data visualizations, for nearly any language you like.
|
||||
|
||||
At least [50 language][30] kernels are already supported, including LISP, R, Ruby, F#, Perl, and Scala. In fact, even IPython itself is simply a Python module for Jupyter. Communication with the language kernel is via a REPL (read, eval, print loop) protocol, similar to [nREPL][31] or [Slime][32]. It is nice to see such a useful piece of software receiving significant [nonprofit funding][33] to further its development, such as parallel execution and multi-user notebooks. Behold, open source at its best.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Zeppelin ###
|
||||
|
||||
While still in incubation, [Apache Zeppelin][34] is nevertheless stirring the data analytics and visualization pot. The Web-based notebook enables users to ingest, discover, analyze, and visualize their data. The notebook also allows you to collaborate with others to make data-driven, interactive documents incorporating a growing number of programming languages.
|
||||
|
||||
This technology also boasts an integration with Spark and an interpreter concept allowing any language or data processing back end to be plugged into Zeppelin. Currently Zeppelin supports interpreters such as Scala, Python, SparkSQL, Hive, Markdown, and Shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Zeppelin is still immature. I wanted to put a demo up but couldn’t find an easy way to disable “shell” as an execution option (among other things). However, it already looks better visually than IPython Notebook, which is the popular incumbent in this space. If you don’t want to spring for DataBricks Cloud or need something open source and extensible, this is the most promising distributed computing notebook around -- especially if you’re a Sparky type.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][35]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][36]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][37]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][38]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][39]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][40]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://spark.apache.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://spark-packages.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://storm.apache.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://lmax-exchange.github.io/disruptor/
|
||||
[5]:http://h2o.ai/product/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.datatorrent.com/apex/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/DataTorrent/Malhar
|
||||
[8]:https://druid.io/
|
||||
[9]:https://flink.apache.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
|
||||
[11]:http://lucene.apache.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://teiid.jboss.org/
|
||||
[13]:https://drill.apache.org/
|
||||
[14]:http://research.google.com/pubs/pub36632.html
|
||||
[15]:http://hbase.apache.org/
|
||||
[16]:http://phoenix.apache.org/
|
||||
[17]:https://hive.apache.org/
|
||||
[18]:https://kylin.incubator.apache.org/
|
||||
[19]:http://cdap.io/
|
||||
[20]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2973381/application-development/apache-ranger-chuck-norris-hadoop-security.html
|
||||
[21]:https://ranger.incubator.apache.org/
|
||||
[22]:http://mesos.apache.org/
|
||||
[23]:https://amplab.cs.berkeley.edu/
|
||||
[24]:http://nerds.airbnb.com/introducing-chronos/
|
||||
[25]:http://aurora.apache.org/
|
||||
[26]:http://nifi.apache.org/
|
||||
[27]:https://kafka.apache.org/
|
||||
[28]:http://opentsdb.net/
|
||||
[29]:http://jupyter.org/
|
||||
[30]:http://https//github.com/ipython/ipython/wiki/IPython-kernels-for-other-languages
|
||||
[31]:https://github.com/clojure/tools.nrepl
|
||||
[32]:https://github.com/slime/slime
|
||||
[33]:http://blog.jupyter.org/2015/07/07/jupyter-funding-2015/
|
||||
[34]:https://zeppelin.incubator.apache.org/
|
||||
[35]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[36]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[37]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[38]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[39]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[40]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks of the year in open source platforms, infrastructure, management, and orchestration software
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source data center and cloud software ###
|
||||
|
||||
You might have heard about this new thing called Docker containers. Developers love them because you can build them with a script, add services in layers, and push them right from your MacBook Pro to a server for testing. It works because they're superlightweight, unlike those now-archaic virtual machines. Containers -- and other lightweight approaches to deliver services -- are changing the shape of operating systems, applications, and the tools to manage them. Our Bossie winners in data center and cloud are leading the charge.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker Machine, Compose, and Swarm ###
|
||||
|
||||
Docker’s open source container technology has been adopted by the major public clouds and is being built into the next version of Windows Server. Allowing developers and operations teams to separate applications from infrastructure, Docker is a powerful data center automation tool.
|
||||
|
||||
However, containers are only part of the Docker story. Docker also provides a series of tools that allow you to use the Docker API to automate the entire container lifecycle, as well as handling application design and orchestration.
|
||||
|
||||
[Machine][1] allows you to automate the provisioning of Docker Containers. Starting with a command line, you can use a single line of code to target one or more hosts, deploy the Docker engine, and even join it to a Swarm cluster. There’s support for most hypervisors and cloud platforms – all you need are your access credentials.
|
||||
|
||||
[Swarm][2] handles clustering and scheduling, and it can be integrated with Mesos for more advanced scheduling capabilities. You can use Swarm to build a pool of container hosts, allowing your apps to scale out as demand increases. Applications and all of their dependencies can be defined with [Compose][3], which lets you link containers together into a distributed application and launch them as a group. Compose descriptions work across platforms, so you can take a developer configuration and quickly deploy in production.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CoreOS and Rkt ###
|
||||
|
||||
A thin, lightweight server OS, [CoreOS][4] is based on Google’s Chromium OS. Instead of using a package manager to install functions, it’s designed to be used with Linux containers. By using containers to extend a thin core, CoreOS allows you to quickly deploy applications, working well on cloud infrastructures.
|
||||
|
||||
CoreOS’s container management tooling, fleet, is designed to treat a cluster of CoreOS servers as a single unit, with tools for managing high availability and for deploying containers to the cluster based on resource availability. A cross-cluster key/value store, etcd, handles device management and supports service discovery. If a node fails, etcd can quickly restore state on a new replica, giving you a distributed configuration management platform that’s linked to CoreOS’s automated update service.
|
||||
|
||||
While CoreOS is perhaps best known for its Docker support, the CoreOS team is developing its own container runtime, rkt, with its own container format, the App Container Image. Also compatible with Docker containers, rkt has a modular architecture that allows different containerization systems (even hardware virtualization, in a proof of concept from Intel) to be plugged in. However, rkt is still in the early stages of development, so isn’t quite production ready.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### RancherOS ###
|
||||
|
||||
As we abstract more and more services away from the underlying operating system using containers, we can start thinking about what tomorrow’s operating system will look like. Similar to our applications, it’s going to be a modular set of services running on a thin kernel, self-configuring to offer only the services our applications need.
|
||||
|
||||
[RancherOS][5] is a glimpse of what that OS might look like. Blending the Linux kernel with Docker, RancherOS is a minimal OS suitable for hosting container-based applications in cloud infrastructures. Instead of using standard Linux packaging techniques, RancherOS leverages Docker to host Linux user-space services and applications in separate container layers. A low-level Docker instance is first to boot, hosting system services in their own containers. Users' applications run in a higher-level Docker instance, separate from the system containers. If one of your containers crashes, the host keeps running.
|
||||
|
||||
RancherOS is only 20MB in size, so it's easy to replicate across a data center. It’s also designed to be managed using automation tools, not manually, with API-level access that works with Docker’s management tools as well as with Rancher Labs’ own cloud infrastructure and management tools.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Kubernetes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Google’s [Kubernetes][6] container orchestration system is designed to manage and run applications built in Docker and Rocket containers. Focused on managing microservice applications, Kubernetes lets you distribute your containers across a cluster of hosts, while handling scaling and ensuring managed services run reliably.
|
||||
|
||||
With containers providing an application abstraction layer, Kubernetes is an application-centric management service that supports many modern development paradigms, with a focus on user intent. That means you launch applications, and Kubernetes will manage the containers to run within the parameters you set, using the Kubernetes scheduler to make sure it gets the resources it needs. Containers are grouped into pods and managed by a replication engine that can recover failed containers or add more pods as applications scale.
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes powers Google’s own Container Engine, and it runs on a range of other cloud and data center services, including AWS and Azure, as well as vSphere and Mesos. Containers can be either loosely or tightly coupled, so applications not designed for cloud PaaS operations can be migrated to the cloud as a tightly coupled set of containers. Kubernetes also supports rapid deployment of applications to a cluster, giving you an endpoint for a continuous delivery process.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mesos ###
|
||||
|
||||
Turning a data center into a private or public cloud requires more than a hypervisor. It requires a new operating layer that can manage the data center resources as if they were a single computer, handling resources and scheduling. Described as a “distributed systems kernel,” [Apache Mesos][7] allows you to manage thousands of servers, using containers to host applications and APIs to support parallel application development.
|
||||
|
||||
At the heart of Mesos is a set of daemons that expose resources to a central scheduler. Tasks are distributed across nodes, taking advantage of available CPU and memory. One key approach is the ability for applications to reject offered resources if they don’t meet requirements. It’s an approach that works well for big data applications, and you can use Mesos to run Hadoop and Cassandra distributed databases, as well as Apache’s own Spark data processing engine. There’s also support for the Jenkins continuous integration server, allowing you to run build and test workers in parallel on a cluster of servers, dynamically adjusting the tasks depending on workload.
|
||||
|
||||
Designed to run on Linux and Mac OS X, Mesos has also recently been ported to Windows to support the development of scalable parallel applications on Azure.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### SmartOS and SmartDataCenter ###
|
||||
|
||||
Joyent’s [SmartDataCenter][8] is the software that runs its public cloud, adding a management platform on top of its [SmartOS][9] thin server OS. A descendent of OpenSolaris that combines Zones containers and the KVM hypervisor, SmartOS is an in-memory operating system, quick to boot from a USB stick and run on bare-metal servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Using SmartOS, you can quickly deploy a set of lightweight servers that can be programmatically managed via a set of JSON APIs, with functionality delivered via virtual machines, downloaded by built-in image management tools. Through the use of VMs, all userland operations are isolated from the underlying OS, reducing the security exposure of both the host and guests.
|
||||
|
||||
SmartDataCenter runs on SmartOS servers, with one server running as a dedicated management node, and the rest of a cluster operating as compute nodes. You can get started with a Cloud On A Laptop build (available as a VMware virtual appliance) that lets you experiment with the management server. In a live data center, you’ll deploy SmartOS on your servers, using ZFS to handle storage – which includes your local image library. Services are deployed as images, with components stored in an object repository.
|
||||
|
||||
The combination of SmartDataCenter and SmartOS builds on the experience of Joyent’s public cloud, giving you a tried and tested set of tools that can help you bootstrap your own cloud data center. It’s an infrastructure focused on virtual machines today, but laying the groundwork for tomorrow. A related Joyent project, [sdc-docker][10], exposes an entire SmartDataCenter cluster as a single Docker host, driven by native Docker commands.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Sensu ###
|
||||
|
||||
Managing large-scale data centers isn’t about working with server GUIs, it’s about automating scripts based on information from monitoring tools and services, routing information from sensors and logs, and then delivering actions to applications. One tool that’s beginning to offer this functionality is [Sensu][11], often described as a “monitoring router.”
|
||||
|
||||
Scripts running across your data center deliver information to Sensu, which then routes it to the appropriate handler, using a publish-and-subscribe architecture based on RabbitMQ. Servers can be distributed, delivering published check results to handler code. You might see results in email, or in a Slack room, or in Sensu’s own dashboards. Message formats are defined in JSON files, or mutators used to format data on the fly, and messages can be filtered to one or more event handlers.
|
||||
|
||||
Sensu is still a relatively young tool, but it’s one that shows a lot of promise. If you’re going to automate your data center, you’re going to need a tool like this not only to show you what’s happening, but to deliver that information where it’s most needed. A commercial option adds support for integration with third-party applications, but much of what you need to manage a data center is in the open source release.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Prometheus ###
|
||||
|
||||
Managing a modern data center is a complex task. Racks of servers need to be treated like cattle rather than pets, and you need a monitoring system designed to handle hundreds and thousands of nodes. Monitoring applications presents special challenges, and that’s where [Prometheus][12] comes in to play. A service monitoring system designed to deliver alerts to operators, Prometheus can run on everything from a single laptop to a highly available cluster of monitoring servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Time series data is captured and stored, then compared against patterns to identify faults and problems. You’ll need to expose data on HTTP endpoints, using a YAML file to configure the server. A browser-based reporting tool handles displaying data, with an expression console where you can experiment with queries. Dashboards can be created with a GUI builder, or written using a series of templates, letting you deliver application consoles that can be managed using version control systems such as Git.
|
||||
|
||||
Captured data can be managed using expressions, which make it easy to aggregate data from several sources -- for example, letting you bring performance data from a series of Web endpoints into one store. An experimental alert manager module delivers alerts to common collaboration and devops tools, including Slack and PagerDuty. Official client libraries for common languages like Go and Java mean it’s easy to add Prometheus support to your applications and services, while third-party options extend Prometheus to Node.js and .Net.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana ###
|
||||
|
||||
Running a modern data center generates a lot of data, and it requires tools to get information out of that data. That’s where the combination of Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana, often referred to as the ELK stack, comes into play.
|
||||
|
||||
Designed to handle scalable search across a mix of content types, including structured and unstructured documents, [Elasticsearch][13] builds on Apache’s Lucene information retrieval tools, with a RESTful JSON API. It’s used to provide search for sites like Wikipedia and GitHub, using a distributed index with automated load balancing and routing.
|
||||
|
||||
Under the fabric of a modern cloud is a physical array of servers, running as VM hosts. Monitoring many thousands of servers needs centralized logs. [Logstash][14] harvests and filters the logs generated by those servers (and by the applications running on them), using a forwarder on each physical and virtual machine. Logstash-formatted data is then delivered to Elasticsearch, giving you a search index that can be quickly scaled as you add more servers.
|
||||
|
||||
At a higher level, [Kibana][15] adds a visualization layer to Elasticsearch, providing a Web dashboard for exploring and analyzing the data. Dashboards can be created around custom searches and shared with your team, providing a quick, easy-to-digest devops information feed.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Ansible ###
|
||||
|
||||
Managing server configuration is a key element of any devops approach to managing a modern data center or a cloud infrastructure. Configuration management tooling that takes a desired state approach to simplifies systems management at cloud scale, using server and application descriptions to handle server and application deployment.
|
||||
|
||||
[Ansible][16] offers a minimal management service, using SSH to manage Unix nodes and PowerShell to work with Windows servers, with no need to deploy agents. An Ansible Playbook describes the state of a server or service in YAML, deploying Ansible modules to servers that handle configuration and removing them once the service is running. You can use Playbooks to orchestrate tasks -- for example, deploying several Web endpoints with a single script.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s possible to make module creation and Playbook delivery part of a continuous delivery process, using build tools to deliver configurations and automate deployment. Ansible can pull in information from cloud service providers, simplifying management of virtual machines and networks. Monitoring tools in Ansible are able to trigger additional deployments automatically, helping manage and control cloud services, as well as working to manage resources used by large-scale data platforms like Hadoop.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Jenkins ###
|
||||
|
||||
Getting continuous delivery right requires more than a structured way of handling development; it also requires tools for managing test and build. That’s where the [Jenkins][17] continuous integration server comes in. Jenkins works with your choice of source control, your test harnesses, and your build server. It’s a flexible tool, initially designed for working with Java but now extended to support Web and mobile development and even to build Windows applications.
|
||||
|
||||
Jenkins is perhaps best thought of as a switching network, shunting files through a test and build process, and responding to signals from the various tools you’re using – thanks to a library of more than 1,000 plug-ins. These include tools for integrating Jenkins with both local Git instances and GitHub so that it's possible to extend a continuous development model into your build and delivery processes.
|
||||
|
||||
Using an automation tool like Jenkins is as much about adopting a philosophy as it is about implementing a build process. Once you commit to continuous integration as part of a continuous delivery model, you’ll be running test and build cycles as soon as code is delivered to your source control release branch – and delivering it to users as soon as it’s in the main branch.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Node.js and io.js ###
|
||||
|
||||
Modern cloud applications are built using different design patterns from the familiar n-tier enterprise and Web apps. They’re distributed, event-driven collections of services that can be quickly scaled and can support many thousands of simultaneous users. One key technology in this new paradigm is [Node.js][18], used by many major cloud platforms and easy to install as part of a thin server or container on cloud infrastructure.
|
||||
|
||||
Key to the success of Node.js is the Npm package format, which allows you to quickly install extensions to the core Node.js service. These include frameworks like Express and Seneca, which help build scalable applications. A central registry handles package distribution, and dependencies are automatically installed.
|
||||
|
||||
While the [io.js][19] fork exposed issues with project governance, it also allowed a group of developers to push forward adding ECMAScript 6 support to an Npm-compatible engine. After reconciliation between the two teams, the Node.js and io.js codebases have been merged, with new releases now coming from the io.js code repository.
|
||||
|
||||
Other forks, like Microsoft’s io.js fork to add support for its 64-bit Chakra JavaScript engine alongside Google’s V8, are likely to be merged back into the main branch over the next year, keeping the Node.js platform evolving and cementing its role as the preferred host for cloud-scale microservices.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Seneca ###
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of the [Seneca][20] microservice framework have a motto: “Build it now, scale it later!” It’s an apt maxim for anyone thinking about developing microservices, as it allows you to start small, then add functionality as your service grows.
|
||||
|
||||
Seneca is at heart an implementation of the [actor/message design pattern][21], focused on using Node.js as a switching engine that takes in messages, processes their contents, and sends an appropriate response, either to the message originator or to another service. By focusing on the message patterns that map to business use cases, it’s relatively easy to take Seneca and quickly build a minimum viable product for your application. A plug-in architecture makes it easy to integrate Seneca with other tools and to quickly add functionality to your services.
|
||||
|
||||
You can easily add new patterns to your codebase or break existing patterns into separate services as the needs of your application grow or change. One pattern can also call another, allowing quick code reuse. It’s also easy to add Seneca to a message bus, so you can use it as a framework for working with data from Internet of things devices, as all you need to do is define a listening port where JSON data is delivered.
|
||||
|
||||
Services may not be persistent, and Seneca gives you the option of using a built-in object relational mapping layer to handle data abstraction, with plug-ins for common databases.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### .Net Core and ASP.Net vNext ###
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft’s [open-sourcing of .Net][22] is bringing much of the company’s Web platform into the open. The new [.Net Core][23] release runs on Windows, on OS X, and on Linux. Currently migrating from Microsoft’s Codeplex repository to GitHub, .Net Core offers a more modular approach to .Net, allowing you to install the functions you need as you need them.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently under development is [ASP.Net 5][24], an open source version of the Web platform, which runs on .Net Core. You can work with it as the basis of Web apps using Microsoft’s MVC 6 framework. There’s also support for the new SignalR libraries, which add support for WebSockets and other real-time communications protocols.
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re planning on using Microsoft’s new Nano server, you’ll be writing code against .Net Core, as it’s designed for thin environments. The new DNX, the .Net Execution environment, simplifies deployment of ASP.Net applications on a wide range of platforms, with tools for packaging code and for booting a runtime on a host. Features are added using the NuGet package manager, letting you use only the libraries you want.
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft’s open source .Net is still very young, but there’s a commitment in Redmond to ensure it’s successful. Support in Microsoft’s own next-generation server operating systems means it has a place in both the data center and the cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### GlusterFS ###
|
||||
|
||||
[GlusterFS][25] is a distributed file system. Gluster aggregates various storage servers into one large parallel network file system. You can [even use it in place of HDFS in a Hadoop cluster][26] or in place of an expensive SAN system -- or both. While HDFS is great for Hadoop, having a general-purpose distributed file system that doesn’t require you to transfer data to another location to analyze it is a key advantage.
|
||||
|
||||
In an era of commoditized hardware, commoditized computing, and increased performance and latency requirements, buying a big, fat expensive EMC SAN and hoping it fits all of your needs (it won’t) is no longer your sole viable option. GlusterFS was acquired by Red Hat in 2011.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][27]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][28]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][29]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][30]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][31]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][32]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.docker.com/docker-machine
|
||||
[2]:https://www.docker.com/docker-swarm
|
||||
[3]:https://www.docker.com/docker-compose
|
||||
[4]:https://coreos.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://rancher.com/rancher-os/
|
||||
[6]:http://kubernetes.io/
|
||||
[7]:https://mesos.apache.org/
|
||||
[8]:https://github.com/joyent/sdc
|
||||
[9]:https://smartos.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://github.com/joyent/sdc-docker
|
||||
[11]:https://sensuapp.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://prometheus.io/
|
||||
[13]:https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
|
||||
[14]:https://www.elastic.co/products/logstash
|
||||
[15]:https://www.elastic.co/products/kibana
|
||||
[16]:http://www.ansible.com/home
|
||||
[17]:https://jenkins-ci.org/
|
||||
[18]:https://nodejs.org/en/
|
||||
[19]:https://iojs.org/en/
|
||||
[20]:http://senecajs.org/
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2976422/application-development/how-to-use-actors-in-distributed-applications.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2846450/microsoft-net/microsoft-open-sources-server-side-net-launches-visual-studio-2015-preview.html
|
||||
[23]:https://dotnet.github.io/core/
|
||||
[24]:http://www.asp.net/vnext
|
||||
[25]:http://www.gluster.org/
|
||||
[26]:http://www.gluster.org/community/documentation/index.php/Hadoop
|
||||
[27]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[28]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[29]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[30]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[31]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[32]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks in open source productivity tools, desktop utilities, and mobile apps
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source desktop and mobile software ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open source on the desktop has a long and distinguished history, and many of our Bossie winners in this category go back many years. Packed with features and still improving, some of these tools offer compelling alternatives to pricey commercial software. Others are utilities that we lean on daily for one reason or another -- the can openers and potato peelers of desktop productivity. One or two of them either plug holes in Windows, or they go the distance where Windows falls short.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice ###
|
||||
|
||||
With the major release of version 5 in August, the Document Foundation’s [LibreOffice][1] offers a completely redesigned user interface, better compatibility with Microsoft Office (including good-but-not-great DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX file format support), and significant improvements to Calc, the spreadsheet application.
|
||||
|
||||
Set against a turbulent background, the LibreOffice effort split from OpenOffice.org in 2010. In 2011, Oracle announced it would no longer support OpenOffice.org, and handed the trademark to the Apache Software Foundation. Since then, it has become [increasingly clear][2] that LibreOffice is winning the race for developers, features, and users.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Firefox ###
|
||||
|
||||
In the battle of the big browsers, [Firefox][3] gets our vote over its longtime open source rival Chromium for two important reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
• **Memory use**. Chromium, like its commercial cousin Chrome, has a nasty propensity to glom onto massive amounts of memory.
|
||||
|
||||
• **Privacy**. Witness the [recent controversy][4] over Chromium automatically downloading a microphone snooping program to respond to “OK, Google.”
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox may not have the most features or the down-to-the-millisecond fastest rendering engine. But it’s solid, stingy with resources, highly extensible, and most of all, it comes with no strings attached. There’s no ulterior data-gathering motive.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Thunderbird ###
|
||||
|
||||
A longtime favorite email client, Mozilla’s [Thunderbird][5], may be getting a bit long in the tooth, but it’s still supported and showing signs of life. The latest version, 38.2, arrived in August, and there are plans for more development.
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla officially pulled its people off the project back in July 2012, but a hardcore group of volunteers, led by Kent James and the all-volunteer Thunderbird Council, continues to toil away. While you won’t find the latest email innovations in Thunderbird, you will find a solid core of basic functions based on local storage. If having mail in the cloud spooks you, it’s a good, private alternative. And if James goes ahead with his idea of encrypting Thunderbird mail end-to-end, there may be significant new life in the old bird.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Notepad++ ###
|
||||
|
||||
If Windows Notepad handles all of your text editing (and source code editing and HTML editing) needs, more power to ya. For Windows users who yearn for a little bit more in a text editor, there’s Don Ho’s [Notepad++][6], which is the editor I turn to, over and over again.
|
||||
|
||||
With tabbed views, drag-and-drop, color-coded hints for completing HTML commands, bookmarks, macro recording, shortcut keys, and every text encoding format you’re likely to encounter, Notepad++ takes text to a new level. We get frequent updates, too, with the latest in August.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### VLC ###
|
||||
|
||||
The stalwart [VLC][7] (formerly known as VideoLan Client) runs almost any kind of media file on almost any platform. Yes, it even works as a remote control on Apple Watch.
|
||||
|
||||
The tiled Universal app version for Windows 10, in the Windows Store, draws some criticism for instability and lack of control, but in most cases VLC works, and it works well -- without external codecs. It even supports Blu-ray formats with two new libraries.
|
||||
|
||||
The desktop version is a must-have for Windows 10, unless you’re ready to run the advertising gauntlets that are the Universal Groove Music and Movies & TV apps from Microsoft. VLC received a major [feature update][8] in February and a comprehensive bug fix in April.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 7-Zip ###
|
||||
|
||||
Long recognized as the preeminent open source ZIP archive manager for Windows, [7-Zip][9] works like a champ, even on the Windows 10 desktop. Full coverage for RAR files, which can be problematic in Windows, combine with password-protected file creation and support for self-extracting ZIPs. It’s one of those programs that just works.
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, it would be nice to get a more modern file picker. Yes, it would be interesting to see a tiled Universal app version. But even without the fancy bells and whistles, 7-Zip deserves a place on every Windows desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Handbrake ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to convert your DVDs (or video files in any commonly used format) into a file in some other format, or simply scrape them off a silver coaster, [Handbrake][10] is the way to do it. If you’re a Windows user, Handbrake is almost indispensible, since Microsoft doesn’t believe in ripping DVDs.
|
||||
|
||||
Handbrake presents a number of handy presets for optimizing conversions for your target device (iPod, iPad, Android Tablet, and so on) It’s simple, and it’s fast. With the latest round of bug fixes released in June, Handbrake’s keeping up on maintenance -- and it works fine on the Windows 10 desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### KeePass ###
|
||||
|
||||
I’ll confess that I almost gave up on [KeePass][11] because the primary download site goes to Sourceforge. That means you have to be extremely careful which boxes are checked and what you click on (and when) as you attempt to download and install the software. While KeePass itself is 100 percent clean open source (GNU GPL), Sourceforge doesn’t feel so constrained, and its [installers reek of crapware][12].
|
||||
|
||||
One of many local-file password storage programs, KeePass distinguishes itself with broad scope, as well as its ability to run on all sorts of platforms, no installation required. KeePass will save not only passwords, but also credit card information and freely structured information. It provides a strong random password generator, and the database itself is locked with AES and Twofish, so nobody’s going to crack it. And it’s kept up to date, with a new stable release last month.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### VirtualBox ###
|
||||
|
||||
With a major release published in July, Oracle’s open source [VirtualBox][13] -- available for Windows, OS X, Linux, even Solaris --continues to give commercial counterparts VMware Workstation, VMware Fusion, Parallels Desktop, and Microsoft’s Hyper-V a hard run for their money. The Oracle team is still getting the final Windows 10 bugs ironed out, but come to think of it, so is Microsoft.
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox doesn’t quite match the performance or polish of the VMware and Parallels products, but it’s getting closer. Version 5 brought long-awaited drag-and-drop support, making it easier to move files between VMs and host.
|
||||
|
||||
I prefer VirtualBox over Hyper-V because it’s easy to control external devices. In Hyper-V, for example, getting sound to work is a pain in the neck, but in VirtualBox it only takes a click in setup. The shared clipboard between VM and host works wonders. Running speed on both is roughly the same, with a slight advantage to Hyper-V. But managing VirtualBox machines is much easier.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Inkscape ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you stand in awe of the designs created with Adobe Illustrator (or even CorelDraw), take a close look at [Inkscape][14]. Scalable vector images never looked so good.
|
||||
|
||||
Version 0.91, released in January, uses a new internal graphics rendering engine called Cairo, sponsored by Google, to make the app run faster and allow for more accurate rendering. Inkscape will read and write SVG, PNG, PDF, even EPS, and many other formats. It can export Flash XML Graphics, HTML5 Canvas, and XAML, among others.
|
||||
|
||||
There’s a strong community around Inkscape, and it’s built for easy extensibility. It’s available for Windows, OS X, and Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### KeePassDroid ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trying to remember all of the passwords we need today is impossible, and creating new ones to meet stringent password policy requirements can be agonizing. A port of KeePass for Android, [KeePassDroid][15] brings sanity preserving password management to mobile devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Like KeyPass, KeyPassDroid makes creating and accessing passwords easy, requiring you to recall only a single master password. It supports both DES and Twofish algorithms for encrypting all passwords, and it goes a step further by encrypting the entire password database, not only the password fields. Notes and other password pertinent information are encrypted too.
|
||||
|
||||
While KeePassDroid's interface is minimal -- dated, some would say -- it gets the job done with bare-bones efficiency. Need to generate passwords that have certain character sets and lengths? KeePassDroid can do that with ease. With more than a million downloads on the Google Play Store, you could say this app definitely fills a need.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Prey ###
|
||||
|
||||
Loss or theft of mobile devices is all too common these days. While there are many tools in the enterprise to manage and erase data either misplaced or stolen from an organization, [Prey][16] facilitates the recovery of the phone, laptop, or tablet, and not just the wiping of potentially sensitive information from the device.
|
||||
|
||||
Prey is a Web service that works with an open source installed agent for Linux, OS X, Windows, Android, and iOS devices. Prey tracks your lost or stolen device by using either the device's GPS, the native geolocation provided by newer operating systems, or an associated Wi-Fi hotspot to home in on the location.
|
||||
|
||||
If your smartphone is lost or stolen, send a text message to the device to activate Prey. For stolen tablets or laptops, use the Prey Project's cloud-based control panel to select the device as missing. The Prey agent on any device can then take a screenshot of the active applications, turn on the camera to catch a thief's image, reset the device to the factory settings, or fully lock down the device.
|
||||
|
||||
Should you want to retrieve your lost items, the Prey Project strongly suggests you contact your local police to have them assist you.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Orbot ###
|
||||
|
||||
The premiere proxy application for Android, [Orbot][17] leverages the volunteer-operated network of virtual tunnels called Tor (The Onion Router) to keep all communications private. Orbot works with companion applications [Orweb][18] for secure Web browsing and [ChatSecure][19] for secure chat. In fact, any Android app that allows its proxy settings to be changed can be secured with Orbot.
|
||||
|
||||
One thing to remember about the Tor network is that it's designed for secure, lightweight communications, not for pulling down torrents or watching YouTube videos. Surfing media-rich sites like Facebook can be painfully slow. Your Orbot communications won't be blazing fast, but they will stay private and confidential.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Tails ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Tails][20], or The Amnesic Incognito Live System, is a Linux Live OS that can be booted from a USB stick, DVD, or SD card. It’s often used covertly in the Deep Web to secure traffic when purchasing illicit substances, but it can also be used to avoid tracking, support freedom of speech, circumvent censorship, and promote liberty.
|
||||
|
||||
Leveraging Tor (The Onion Router), Tails keeps all communications secure and private and promises to leave no trace on any computer after it’s used. It performs disk encryption with LUKS, protects instant messages with OTR, encrypts Web traffic with the Tor Browser and HTTPS Everywhere, and securely deletes files via Nautilus Wipe. Tails even has an office suite, image editor, and the like.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, it's always possible to be traced while using any system if you're not careful, so be vigilant when using Tails and follow good privacy practices, like turning off JavaScript while using Tor. And be aware that Tails isn't necessarily going to be speedy, even while using a fiber connect, but that's what you pay for anonymity.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][22]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][24]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][25]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][26]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/
|
||||
[2]:http://lwn.net/Articles/637735/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
|
||||
[4]:https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/06/24/not-ok-google-privacy-advocates-take-on-the-chromium-team-and-win/
|
||||
[5]:https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/
|
||||
[6]:https://notepad-plus-plus.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.videolan.org/press/vlc-2.2.0.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.7-zip.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://handbrake.fr/
|
||||
[11]:http://keepass.info/
|
||||
[12]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2931753/open-source-software/sourceforge-the-end-cant-come-too-soon.html
|
||||
[13]:https://www.virtualbox.org/
|
||||
[14]:https://inkscape.org/en/download/windows/
|
||||
[15]:http://www.keepassdroid.com/
|
||||
[16]:http://preyproject.com/
|
||||
[17]:https://www.torproject.org/docs/android.html.en
|
||||
[18]:https://guardianproject.info/apps/orweb/
|
||||
[19]:https://guardianproject.info/apps/chatsecure/
|
||||
[20]:https://tails.boum.org/
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[24]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[25]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[26]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[translating by ray]
|
||||
|
||||
Interviews: Linus Torvalds Answers Your Question
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Last Thursday you had a chance to [ask Linus Torvalds][1] about programming, hardware, and all things Linux. You can read his answers to those questions below. If you'd like to see what he had to say the last time we sat down with him, [you can do so here][2].
|
||||
|
||||
**Productivity**
|
||||
by DoofusOfDeath
|
||||
|
||||
> You've somehow managed to originate two insanely useful pieces of software: Linux, and Git. Do you think there's anything in your work habits, your approach to choosing projects, etc., that have helped you achieve that level of productivity? Or is it just the traditional combination of talent, effort, and luck?
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: I'm sure it's pretty much always that "talent, effort and luck". I'll leave it to others to debate how much of each...
|
||||
|
||||
I'd love to point out some magical work habit that makes it all happen, but I doubt there really is any. Especially as the work habits I had wrt the kernel and Git have been so different.
|
||||
|
||||
With Git, I think it was a lot about coming at a problem with fresh eyes (not having ever really bought into the traditional SCM mindset), and really trying to think about the issues, and spending a fair amount of time thinking about what the real problems were and what I wanted the design to be. And then the initial self-hosting code took about a day to write (ok, that was "self-hosting" in only the weakest sense, but still).
|
||||
|
||||
And with Linux, obviously, things were very different - the big designs came from the outside, and it took half a year to host itself, and it hadn't even started out as a kernel to begin with. Clearly not a lot of thinking ahead and planning involved ;). So very different circumstances indeed.
|
||||
|
||||
What both the kernel and Git have, and what I think is really important (and I guess that counts as a "work habit"), is a maintainer that stuck to it, and was responsive, responsible and sane. Too many projects falter because they don't have people that stick with them, or have people who have an agenda that doesn't match reality or the user expectations.
|
||||
|
||||
But it's very important to point out that for Git, that maintainer was not me. Junio Hamano really should get pretty much all the credit for Git. Credit where credit is due. I'll take credit for the initial implementation and design of Git - it may not be perfect, but ten years on it still is very solid and very clearly the same basic design. But I'll take even _more_ credit for recognizing that Junio had his head screwed on right, and was the person to drive the project. And all the rest of the credit goes to him.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, that kind of segues into something else the kernel and Git do have in common: while I still maintain the kernel, I did end up finding a lot of smart people to maintain all the different parts of it. So while one important work habit is that "stick to it" persistence that you need to really take a project from a not-quite-usable prototype to something bigger and better, another important work-habit is probably to also "let go" and not try to own and control the project too much. Let other people really help you - guide the process but don't get in their way.
|
||||
|
||||
**init system**
|
||||
by lorinc
|
||||
|
||||
> There wasn't a decent unix-like kernel, you wrote one which ultimately became the most used. There wasn't a decent version control software, you wrote one which ultimately became the most love. Do you think we already have a decent init system, or do you have plan to write one that will ultimately settle the world on that hot topic?
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: You can say the word "systemd", It's not a four-letter word. Seven letters. Count them.
|
||||
|
||||
I have to say, I don't really get the hatred of systemd. I think it improves a lot on the state of init, and no, I don't see myself getting into that whole area.
|
||||
|
||||
Yeah, it may have a few odd corners here and there, and I'm sure you'll find things to despise. That happens in every project. I'm not a huge fan of the binary logging, for example. But that's just an example. I much prefer systemd's infrastructure for starting services over traditional init, and I think that's a much bigger design decision.
|
||||
|
||||
Yeah, I've had some personality issues with some of the maintainers, but that's about how you handle bug reports and accept blame (or not) for when things go wrong. If people thought that meant that I dislike systemd, I will have to disappoint you guys.
|
||||
|
||||
**Can Valve change the Linux gaming market?**
|
||||
by Anonymous Coward
|
||||
|
||||
> Do you think Valve is capable of making Linux a primary choice for gamers?
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: "Primary"? Probably not where it's even aiming. I think consoles (and all those handheld and various mobile platforms that "real gamers" seem to dismiss as toys) are likely much more primary, and will stay so.
|
||||
|
||||
I think Valve wants to make sure they can control their own future, and Linux and ValveOS is probably partly to explore a more "console-like" Valve experience (ie the whole "get a box set up for a single main purpose", as opposed to a more PC-like experience), and partly as a "second source" against Microsoft, who is a competitor in the console area. Keeping your infrastructure suppliers honest by making sure you have alternatives sounds like a good strategy, and particularly so when those suppliers may be competing with you directly elsewhere.
|
||||
|
||||
So I don't think the aim is really "primary". "Solid alternative" is I think the aim. Of course, let's see where it goes after that.
|
||||
|
||||
But I really have not been involved. People like Greg and the actual graphics driver guys have been in much more direct contact with Valve. I think it's great to see gaming on Linux, but at the same time, I'm personally not really much of a gamer.
|
||||
|
||||
**The future of RT-Linux?**
|
||||
by nurhussein
|
||||
|
||||
> According to Thomas Gleixner, [the future of the realtime patchset to Linux is in doubt][2], as it is difficult to secure funding from interested parties on this functionality even though it is both useful and important: What are your thoughts on this, and what do you think we need to do to get more support behind the RT patchset, especially considering Linux's increasing use in embedded systems where realtime functionality is undoubtedly useful.
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: So I think this is one of those things where the markets decide how important rtLinux ends up being, and I suspect there are more than enough companies who end up wanting and using rtLinux that the project isn't really going anywhere. The complaints by Thomas were - I think - a wake-up call to the companies who end up wanting the extended hard realtime patches.
|
||||
|
||||
So I suspect there are companies and groups like OSADL that end up funding and helping with rtLinux, and that it isn't going away.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rigor and developments**
|
||||
by hcs_$reboot
|
||||
|
||||
> The most complex program running on a machine is arguably its OS, especially the kernel. Linux (kernel) reached the top level in terms of performance, reliability and versatility. You have been criticized quite a few times for some virulent mails addressed to developers. Do you think Linux would be where it is without managing the project with an iron fist? To go further, do you think some other main OSS project would benefit from a more rigorous management approach?
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: One of the nice things about open source is how it allows people to really concentrate on what they are good at, and it has been a huge advantage for Linux that we've had people who are interested in the marketing side and selling Linux, as well as the legal side etc.
|
||||
|
||||
And that is all in addition, of course, to the original "we're motivated by the technology" people like me. And even within that "we're motivated by technology" group, you most certainly don't need to find _everything_ interesting, you can find the area you are passionate about and really care about and want to work on.
|
||||
|
||||
That's _fundamentally_ how open source works.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, if somebody is passionate about some "good management" thing, go wild, and try to get involved, and try to manage things. It's not what _I_ am interested in, but hey, the proof is in the pudding - anybody who thinks they have a new rigorous management approach that they think will help some part of the process, go wild.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, I personally suspect that it wouldn't work - not only are tech people an ornery lot to begin with (that whole "herding cats" thing), just look at all the crazy arguments on the internet. And ask yourself what actually holds an open source project like the kernel together? I think you need to be very oriented towards the purely technical solutions, simply because then you have tangible and real issues you can discuss (and argue about) with fairly clear-cut hard answers. It's the only thing people can really agree on in the big picture.
|
||||
|
||||
So the Linux approach to "management" has been to put technology first. That's rigorous enough for me. But as mentioned, it's a free-for-all. Anybody can come in and try to do better. Really.
|
||||
|
||||
And btw, it's worth noting that there are obviously specific smaller development teams where other management models work fine. Most of the individual developers are parts of teams inside particular companies, and within the confines of that company, there may well be a very strict rigorous management model. Similarly, within the confines of a particular productization effort there may be particular goals and models for that particular team that transcend that general "technical issues" thing.
|
||||
|
||||
Just to give a concrete example, the "development kernel" tree that I maintain works fundamentally differently and with very different rules from the "stable tree" that Greg does, which in turn is maintained very differently from what a distribution team within a Linux company does inside its maintenance kernel team.
|
||||
|
||||
So there's certainly room for different approaches to managing those very different groups. But do I think you can "rigorously manage" people on the internet? No.
|
||||
|
||||
**Functional languages?**
|
||||
by EmeraldBot
|
||||
|
||||
> While historically you've been a C and Assembly guy (and the odd shell scripting and such), what do you think of functional languages such as Lisp, Closure, Haskell, etc? Do you see any advantages to them, or do you view them as frivolous and impractical? If you decide to do so, thanks for taking the time to answer my question! You're a legend at what you do, and I think it's awesome that the significantly less interesting me can ask you a question like this.
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: I may be a fan of C (with a certain fondness for assembly, just because it's so close to the machine), but that's very much about a certain context. I work at a level where those languages make sense. I certainly don't think that tools like Haskell etc are "frivolous and impractical" in general, although on a kernel level (or in a source control management system) I suspect they kind of are.
|
||||
|
||||
Many moons ago I worked on sparse (the C parser and analyzer), and one of my coworkers was a Haskell fan, and did incredible example transformations in very simple (well, to him) code - stuff that is just nasty to write in C because it's pretty high-level, there's tons of memory management, and you're really talking about implementing fairly abstract and high-level rules with pattern matching etc.
|
||||
|
||||
So I'm definitely not a functional language kind of guy - it's not how I learnt programming, and it really isn't very relevant to what I do, and I wouldn't recognize Haskell code if it bit me in the ass and called me names. But no, I wouldn't call them frivolous.
|
||||
|
||||
**Critical software to the use of Linux**
|
||||
by TWX
|
||||
|
||||
> Mr. Torvalds, For many uses of Linux such as on the desktop, other software beyond the kernel and the base GNU tools are required. What other projects would you like to see given priority, and what would you like to see implemented or improved? Admittedly I thought most about X-Windows when asking this question; but I don't doubt that other daemons or systems can be just as important to the user experience. Thank you for your efforts all these years.
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: Hey, I don't really have any particular project I would want to champion, largely because we all have so different requirements on the desktop. There's just no single thing that stands out as being hugely more important than others to me.
|
||||
|
||||
What I do wish particularly desktop developers cared about is "consistency of experience". And by that I don't mean some kind of enforced visual consistency between different applications to make things "look coherent". No, I'm just talking about the pain and uncertainty users go through with upgrades, and understanding that while your project may be the most important project to *you* (because it's what you do), to your users, your project is likely just a fairly small and irrelevant part of their experience, and it's not very central at all, and they've learnt the quirks about that thing they don't even care about, and you really shouldn't break their expectations. Because it turns out that that is how you really make people hate their desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
This is not at all Linux-specific, of course - just look at the less than enthusiastic reception that other operating system redesigns have received. But I really wish that we hadn't had *both* of the major Linux desktop environments have to learn this (well, I hope they learnt) the hard way, and both of them ending up blaming their users rather than themselves.
|
||||
|
||||
**"anykernel"-style portable drivers?**
|
||||
by staalmannen
|
||||
|
||||
> What do you think about the "anykernel" concept (invented by another Finn btw) used in NetBSD? Basically, they have modularized the code so that a driver can be built either in a monolithic kernel or for user space without source code changes ( rumpkernel.org ). The drivers are highly portable and used in Genode os (L4 type kernels), minix etc... Would this be possible or desirable for Linux? Apparently there is one attempt called "libos"...
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: So I have bad experiences with "portable" drivers. Writing drivers to some common environment tends to force some ridiculously nasty impedance matching abstractions that just get in the way and make things really hard to read and modify. It gets particularly nasty when everybody ends up having complicated - and differently so - driver subsystems to handle a lot of commonalities for a certain class of drivers (say a network driver, or a USB driver), and the different operating systems really have very different approaches and locking rules etc.
|
||||
|
||||
I haven't seen anykernel drivers, but from past experience my reaction to "portable device drivers" is to run away, screaming like little girl. As they say in Swedish "Bränt barn luktar illa".
|
||||
|
||||
**Processor Architecture**
|
||||
by swv3752
|
||||
|
||||
> Several years ago, you were employed by Transmeta designing the Crusoe processor. I understand you are quite knowledgeable about cpu architecture. What are your thoughts on the Current Intel and AMD x86 CPUs particularly in comparison with ARM and IBM's Power8 CPUs? Where do you see the advantages of each one?
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: I'm no CPU architect, I just play one on TV.
|
||||
|
||||
But yes, I've been close to the CPU both as part of my kernel work, and as part of a processor company, and working at that level for a long time just means that you end up having fairly strong opinions. One of the things that my experiences at Transmeta convinced me of, for example, was that there's definitely very much a limit to what software should care about. I loved working at Transmeta, I loved the whole startup company environment, I loved working with really smart people, but in the end I ended up absolutely *not* loving to work with overly simple hardware (I also didn't love the whole IPO process, and what that did to the company culture, but that's a different thing).
|
||||
|
||||
Because there's only so much that software can do to compensate.
|
||||
|
||||
Something similar happened with my kernel work on the alpha architecture, which also started out as being an overly simplified implementation in the name of being small and supposedly running really fast. While I really started out liking the alpha architecture for being so clean, I ended up detesting how fragile the architecture implementations were (and by the time that got fixed in the 21264, I had given up on alpha).
|
||||
|
||||
So I've come to absolutely detest CPU's that need a lot of compiler smarts or special tuning to go fast. Life is too short to waste on in-order CPU's, or on hardware designers who think software should take care of the pieces that they find to be too complicated to handle themselves, and as a result just left undone. "Weak memory ordering" is just another example.
|
||||
|
||||
Thankfully, most of the industry these days seems to agree. Yes, there are still in-order cores, but nobody tries to make excuses for them any more: they are for the truly cheap and low-end market.
|
||||
|
||||
I tend to really like the modern Intel cores in particular, which tend to take that "let's not be stupid" really to heart. With the kernel being so threaded, I end up caring a lot about things like memory ordering etc, and the Intel big-core CPU's tend to be in a class of their own there. As a software person who cares about performance and looks at instruction profiles etc, it's just so *nice* to see that the CPU doesn't have some crazy glass jaw where you have to be very careful.
|
||||
|
||||
**GPU kernels**
|
||||
by maraist
|
||||
|
||||
> Is there any inspiration that a GPU based kernel / scheduler has for you? How might Linux be improved to better take advantage of GPU-type batch execution models. Given that you worked transmeta and JIT compiled host-targeted runtimes. GPUs 1,000-thread schedulers seem like the next great paradigm for the exact type of machines that Linux does best on.
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: I don't think we'll see the kernel ever treat GPU threads the way we treat CPU threads. Not with the current model of GPU's (and that model doesn't really seem to be changing all that much any more).
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, GPU's are getting much better, and now generally have virtual memory and the ability to preempt execution, and you could run an OS on them. But the scheduling latencies are pretty high, and the threads are not really "independent" (ie they tend to share a lot of state - like the virtual address space and a large shared register set), so GPU "threads" don't tend to work like CPU threads. You'd schedule them all-or-nothing, so if you were to switch processes, you'd treat the GPU as one entity where you switch all the threads at once.
|
||||
|
||||
So it really wouldn't look like a thousand threads to the kernel. The GPU would still be scheduled as one single entity (or maybe a couple of entities depending on how the GPU is partitioned). The fact that that single entity works by doing a lot of things in massive parallelism is kind of immaterial for the kernel that doesn't end up seeing that parallelism as separate threads.
|
||||
|
||||
**alleged danger of Artificial Intelligence**
|
||||
by peter303
|
||||
|
||||
> Some computer experts like Marvin Minsky, Larry Page, Ray Kuzweil think A.I. will be a great gift to Mankind. Others like Bill Joy and Elon Musk are fearful of potential danger. Where do you stand, Linus?
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: I just don't see the thing to be fearful of.
|
||||
|
||||
We'll get AI, and it will almost certainly be through something very much like recurrent neural networks. And the thing is, since that kind of AI will need training, it won't be "reliable" in the traditional computer sense. It's not the old rule-based prolog days, when people thought they'd *understand* what the actual decisions were in an AI.
|
||||
|
||||
And that all makes it very interesting, of course, but it also makes it hard to productize. Which will very much limit where you'll actually find those neural networks, and what kinds of network sizes and inputs and outputs they'll have.
|
||||
|
||||
So I'd expect just more of (and much fancier) rather targeted AI, rather than anything human-like at all. Language recognition, pattern recognition, things like that. I just don't see the situation where you suddenly have some existential crisis because your dishwasher is starting to discuss Sartre with you.
|
||||
|
||||
The whole "Singularity" kind of event? Yeah, it's science fiction, and not very good SciFi at that, in my opinion. Unending exponential growth? What drugs are those people on? I mean, really..
|
||||
|
||||
It's like Moore's law - yeah, it's very impressive when something can (almost) be plotted on an exponential curve for a long time. Very impressive indeed when it's over many decades. But it's _still_ just the beginning of the "S curve". Anybody who thinks any different is just deluding themselves. There are no unending exponentials.
|
||||
|
||||
**Is the kernel basically a finished project?**
|
||||
by NaCh0
|
||||
|
||||
> Aside from adding drivers and refactoring algorithms when performance limits are discovered, is there anything left for the kernel? Maybe it's a failure of tech journalism but we never hear about the next big thing in kernel land anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
**Linus**: I don't think there's much of a "next big thing" in the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
I wouldn't say that there is nothing but drivers (and architectures are kind of "CPU drivers) and improving scalability left, because I'm constantly amazed by how many new things people figure out are still good ideas. But they tend to still be pretty incremental improvements. An OS kernel doesn't look *that* radically different from what it was 40 years ago, and that's fine. I think radical new ideas are often overrated, and the thing that really matters in the end is that plodding detail work. That's how technology evolves.
|
||||
|
||||
And judging by how our kernel releases are going, there's no end in sight for that "plodding detail work". And it's still as interesting as it ever was.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linux.slashdot.org/story/15/06/30/0058243/interviews-linus-torvalds-answers-your-question
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[samzenpus][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:samzenpus@slashdot.org
|
||||
[1]:http://interviews.slashdot.org/story/15/06/24/1718247/interview-ask-linus-torvalds-a-question
|
||||
[2]:http://meta.slashdot.org/story/12/10/11/0030249/linus-torvalds-answers-your-questions
|
||||
[3]:https://lwn.net/Articles/604695/
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
|
||||
translated by bestony
|
||||
How to Install OsTicket Ticketing System in Fedora 22 / Centos 7
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
In this article, we'll learn how to setup help desk ticketing system with osTicket in our machine or server running Fedora 22 or CentOS 7 as operating system. osTicket is a free and open source popular customer support ticketing system developed and maintained by [Enhancesoft][1] and its contributors. osTicket is the best solution for help and support ticketing system and management for better communication and support assistance with clients and customers. It has the ability to easily integrate with inquiries created via email, phone and web based forms into a beautiful multi-user web interface. osTicket makes us easy to manage, organize and log all our support requests and responses in one single place. It is a simple, lightweight, reliable, open source, web-based and easy to setup and use help desk ticketing system.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Install Pure-FTPd with TLS on FreeBSD 10.2
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
FTP or File Transfer Protocol is application layer standard network protocol used to transfer file from the client to the server, after user logged in to the FTP server over the TCP-Network, such as internet. FTP has been round long time ago, much longer then P2P Program, or World Wide Web, and until this day it was a primary method for sharing file with other over the internet and it it remain very popular even today. FTP provide an secure transmission, that protect username, password and encrypt the content with SSL/TLS.
|
||||
|
||||
Pure-FTPd is free FTP Server with strong and focus on the software security. It was great choice for you if you want to provide a fast, secure, lightweight with feature rich FTP Services. Pure-FTPd can be install on variety of Unix-like operating system, include Linux and FreeBSD. Pure-FTPd is created by Frank Dennis in 2001, based on Troll-FTPd, and until now is actively developed by a team led by Dennis.
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial we will provide about installation and configuration of "**Pure-FTPd**" with Unix-like operating system FreeBSD 10.2.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1 - Update system ###
|
||||
|
||||
The first thing you must do is to install and update the freebsd repository, please connect to your server with SSH and then type command below as sudo/root :
|
||||
|
||||
freebsd-update fetch
|
||||
freebsd-update install
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2 - Install Pure-FTPd ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can install Pure-FTPd from the ports method, but in this tutorial we will install from the freebsd repository with "**pkg**" command. So, now let's install :
|
||||
|
||||
pkg install pure-ftpd
|
||||
|
||||
Once installation is finished, please add pure-ftpd to the start at the boot time with sysrc command below :
|
||||
|
||||
sysrc pureftpd_enable=yes
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3 - Configure Pure-FTPd ###
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration file for Pure-FTPd is located at directory "/usr/local/etc/", please go to the directory and copy the sample configuration for pure-ftpd to "**pure-ftpd.conf**".
|
||||
|
||||
cd /usr/local/etc/
|
||||
cp pure-ftpd.conf.sample pure-ftpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
Now edit the file configuration with nano editor :
|
||||
|
||||
nano -c pure-ftpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
Note : -c option to show line number on nano.
|
||||
|
||||
Go to line 59 and change the value of "VerboseLog" to "**yes**". This option is allow you as administrator to see the log all command used by the users.
|
||||
|
||||
VerboseLog yes
|
||||
|
||||
And now look at line 126 "PureDB" for virtual-users configuration. Virtual users is a simple mechanism to store a list of users, with their password, name, uid, directory, etc. It's just like /etc/passwd. But it's not /etc/passwd. It's a different file and only for FTP. In this tutorial we will store the list of user to the file "**/usr/local/etc/pureftpd.passwd**" and "**/usr/local/etc/pureftpd.pdb**". Please uncomment that line and change the path for the file to "/usr/local/etc/pureftpd.pdb".
|
||||
|
||||
PureDB /usr/local/etc/pureftpd.pdb
|
||||
|
||||
Next, uncomment on the line 336 "**CreateHomeDir**", this option make you easy to add the virtual users, allow automatically create home directories if they are missing.
|
||||
|
||||
CreateHomeDir yes
|
||||
|
||||
Save and exit.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, start pure-ftpd with service command :
|
||||
|
||||
service pure-ftpd start
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 4 - Adding New Users ###
|
||||
|
||||
At this step FTP server is started without error, but you can not log in to the FTP Server, because the default configuration of pure-ftpd is disabled for anonymous users. We need to create new users with home directory, and then give it the password for login.
|
||||
|
||||
On thing you must do befere you add new user to pure-ftpd virtual-user is to create a system user for this, lets create new system user "**vftp**" and the default group is same as username, with home directory "**/home/vftp/**".
|
||||
|
||||
pw useradd vftp -s /sbin/nologin -w no -d /home/vftp \
|
||||
-c "Virtual User Pure-FTPd" -m
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can add the new user for the FTP Server with "**pure-pw**" command. For an example here, we will create new user named "**akari**", so please see command below :
|
||||
|
||||
pure-pw useradd akari -u vftp -g vftp -d /home/vftp/akari
|
||||
Password: TYPE YOUR PASSWORD
|
||||
|
||||
that command will create user "**akari**" and the data stored at the file "**/usr/local/etc/pureftpd.passwd**", not at /etc/passwd file, so this means is that you can easily create FTP-only accounts without messing up your system accounts.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you must generate the PureDB user database with this command :
|
||||
|
||||
pure-pw mkdb
|
||||
|
||||
Now restart the pure-ftpd services and try connect with user "akari" :
|
||||
|
||||
service pure-ftpd restart
|
||||
|
||||
Trying to connect with user akari :
|
||||
|
||||
ftp SERVERIP
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE :**
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to add new user again, you can use "**pure-pw**" command. And if you want to delete the current user, you can use this :
|
||||
|
||||
pure-pw userdel useryouwanttodelete
|
||||
pure-pw mkdb
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 5 - Add SSL/TLS to Pure-FTPd ###
|
||||
|
||||
Pure-FTPd supports encryption using TLS security mechanisms. To support for TLS/SSL, make sure the OpenSSL library is already installed on your freebsd system.
|
||||
|
||||
Now you must generate new "**self-signed certificate**" on the directory "**/etc/ssl/private**". Before you generate the certificate, please create new directory there called "private".
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/ssl/
|
||||
mkdir private
|
||||
cd private/
|
||||
|
||||
Now generate "self-signed certificate" with openssl command below :
|
||||
|
||||
openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -sha256 -keyout \
|
||||
/etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem \
|
||||
-out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
|
||||
|
||||
FILL ALL WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFO.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Next, change the certificate permission :
|
||||
|
||||
chmod 600 /etc/ssl/private/*.pem
|
||||
|
||||
Once the certifcate is generated, Edit the pure-ftpd configuration file :
|
||||
|
||||
nano -c /usr/local/etc/pure-ftpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
Uncomment on line **423** to enable the TLS :
|
||||
|
||||
TLS 1
|
||||
|
||||
And line **439** for the certificate file path :
|
||||
|
||||
CertFile /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
|
||||
|
||||
Save and exit, then restart the pure-ftpd services :
|
||||
|
||||
service pure-ftpd restart
|
||||
|
||||
Now let's test the Pure-FTPd that work with TLS/SSL. I'm here use "**FileZilla**" to connect to the FTP Server, and use user "**akari**" that have been created.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Pure-FTPd with TLS on FreeBSD 10.2 successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
FTP or File Transfer Protocol is standart protocol used to transfer file between users and the server. One of the best, lightweight and secure FTP Server Software is Pure-FTPd. It is secure and support for TLS/SSL encryption mechanism. Pure-FTPd is easy to to install and configure, you can manage the user with virtual user support, and it is make you as sysadmin is easy to manage the user if you have a much user ftp server.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-pure-ftpd-tls-freebsd-10-2/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arul][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arulm/
|
||||
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Back in early 2013, your editor [dedicated a sacrificial handset][2] to the testing of the then-new Ubuntu Touch distribution. At that time, things were so unbaked that the distribution came with mocked-up data for unready apps; it even came with a set of fake tweets. Nearly three years later, it seemed time to give Ubuntu Touch another try on another sacrificial device. This distribution has certainly made some progress in those years, but, sadly, it still seems far from being a competitive offering in this space.
|
||||
In particular, your editor tested version 16.04r3 from the testing channel on a Nexus 4 handset. The Nexus 4 is certainly past its prime at the end of 2015, but it still functions as a credible Android device. It is, in any case, the only phone handset on [the list of supported devices][1] other than the three that were sold (in locations far from your editor's home) with Ubuntu Touch pre-installed. It is a bit discouraging that Ubuntu Touch is not supported on a more recent device; the Nexus 4 was discontinued over two years ago.
|
||||
|
||||
People who are accustomed to putting strange systems on Nexus devices know the drill fairly well: unlock the bootloader, install a new recovery image if necessary, then use the **fastboot** tool to flash a new image. Ubuntu Touch does not work that way; instead, one must use a set of tools available only on the Ubuntu desktop distribution. Your editor's current menagerie of systems does not include any of those, but, fortunately, running the Ubuntu 15.10 distribution off a USB drive works just fine. It must be said, though, that Ubuntu appears not to have gotten the memo regarding high-DPI laptop displays; 15.10 is an exercise in eyestrain on such a device.
|
||||
|
||||
Once the requisite packages have been installed, the **ubuntu-device-flash** command can be used to install Ubuntu Touch on the phone. It finds the installation image wherever Canonical hides them (it's not obvious where that is) and puts it onto the phone; the process, on the Nexus 4, took about three hours — a surprisingly long time. Among other things, it installs a Ubuntu-specific recovery image, regardless of whether that should be necessary or not. The installation takes up about 4.5GB of space on the device. At the end, the phone reboots and comes up with the Ubuntu Touch lock screen, which has changed little in the last three years. The first boot takes a discouragingly long time, but subsequent reboots are faster, perhaps faster than Android on the same device.
|
||||
|
||||
Alas, that's about the only thing that is faster than Android. The phone starts sluggish and gets worse as time goes on. At one point it took a solid minute to get the dialer screen up on the running device. Scrolling can be jerky and unpleasant to work with. At least once, the phone bogged down to the point that there was little alternative to shutting it down and starting over.
|
||||
|
||||
Logging into the device over the USB connection offers some clues as to why that might be. There were no less than 258 processes running on the system. A number of them have "evolution" in their name, which is never a good sign even on a heftier system. Daemons like NetworkManager and pulseaudio are running. In general, Ubuntu Touch seems to have a large number of relatively large moving parts, leading, seemingly, to memory pressure and a certain amount of thrashing.
|
||||
|
||||
Three years ago, Ubuntu Touch was built on an Android chassis. There are still bits of Android that show up here and there (it uses binder, for example), but a number of those components have been replaced. This release runs an Android-derived kernel that identifies itself as "3.4.0-7 #39-Ubuntu". 3.4.0 was released in May 2012, so it is getting a bit long in the tooth; the 3.4.0 number suggests this kernel hasn't even gotten the stable updates that followed that release. Finding the source for the kernel in this distribution is not easy; it must almost certainly be hidden somewhere in this Gerrit repository, but your editor ran out of time while trying to find it. The SurfaceFlinger display manager has been replaced by Ubuntu's own Mir, with Unity providing the interface. Upstart is the init system, despite the fact that Ubuntu has moved to systemd on desktop systems.
|
||||
|
||||
When one moves beyond the command-line interface and starts playing with the touchscreen, one finds that the basics of the interface resemble what was demonstrated three years ago. Swiping from the left edge brings the [Overview screen] Unity icon bar (but no longer switches to a home screen; the "home screen" concept doesn't really seem to exist anymore). Swiping from the right will either switch to another application or produce an overview of running applications; it's not clear how it decides which. The overview provides a cute oblique view of the running applications; it's sufficient to choose one, but seems somewhat wasteful of screen space. Swiping up from the bottom produces an application-specific menu — usually.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The swipe gestures work well enough once one gets used to them, but there is scope for confusion. The camera app, for example, will instruct the user to "swipe left for photo roll," but, unless one is careful to avoid [Swipe left] the right edge of the screen, that gesture will yield the overview screen instead. One can learn subtleties like "swipes involving the edge" and "swipes avoiding the edge," but one could argue that such an interface is more difficult than it needs to be and less discoverable than it could be.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking of the camera app, it takes pictures as one might expect, and it has gained a high-dynamic-range mode in recent years. It still has no support for stitching together photos in a panorama or "photo sphere" mode, though.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The base distribution comes with a fairly basic set of apps. Many of them appear to be interfaces to an associated web page; the Amazon, GMail, and Facebook apps, for example. Something called "Shorts" appears to be an RSS reader, though it seems impervious to the addition of arbitrary feeds. There is a terminal app, but it prompts for a password — a bit surprising [Terminal emulator] given that no password had ever been supplied for the device (it turns out that one should use the screen-lock PIN here). It's not clear that this extra level of "security" is helpful, given that the user involved is already able to install, launch, and run applications on the device, but so it goes.
|
||||
|
||||
Despite the presence of all those evolution processes, there is no IMAP-capable email app; there are also no mapping apps. There is a rudimentary web browser with Ubuntu branding; it appears that this browser is based on Chromium. The weather app is limited to a few dozen hardwired locations worldwide; the closest supported location to LWN headquarters was Houston, which, one assumes, is unlikely to be dealing with the foot of snow your editor had to shovel while partway through this article. One suspects we would have heard about that.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Inevitably, there is a store from which one can obtain other apps. There are, for example, a couple of seemingly capable, OpenStreetMap-based mapping apps there, including one that claims turn-by-turn navigation, but nothing requiring GPS access worked in your editor's tests. Games abound, of course, but [Maps] there is little in the way of apps that are well known in the Android or iOS worlds. The store will refuse to allow the installation of apps until one creates a "Ubuntu One" account; that is unfortunate, but most Android users never get anywhere near that far before having to create or supply a Google account.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical puts a fair amount of energy into promoting its "scopes," which are said to be better than apps for the aggregation of content. In truth, they seem to just be another type of app with a focus on gathering information from more than one source. Although, with "branded scopes," the "more than one source" part is often deliberately put by the wayside. Your editor played around with scopes for a while, but, in truth, could not find what was supposed to make them special.
|
||||
|
||||
Permissions management in Ubuntu Touch resembles that found in recent Android releases: the user will be prompted the first time an application tries to exercise a specific privilege. As with Android, the number of [Permissions request] actions requiring privilege is relatively small, and "connect to any arbitrary site on the Internet" is not among them. Access to location information or the camera, though, will generate a prompt. There is also, again as with Android, a way to control which applications are allowed to place notifications on the screen.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch still seems to drain the battery far more quickly than Android does on the same device. Indeed, it is barely able to get through the night while sitting idle. There is a cute battery app that offers a couple of "ways to reduce battery use," but it lacks Android's ability to say which apps are actually draining the battery (though, it must be said, that information from Android is often less helpful than one might hope).
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
The keyboard now has proper multi-lingual support (though there is no visual indication of which language is currently in effect) and, as with Android, one can switch between languages on the fly. It offers word suggestions, does [Keyboard] spelling correction, and all the usual things. One missing feature, though, is "swipe" typing which, your editor has found, can speed the process of inputting text on a small keyboard considerably. There is also no voice input; no major loss from your editor's point of view, but others will probably see that differently.
|
||||
|
||||
There is a lot to like in Ubuntu Touch. There is some appeal to running something that looks like a proper Linux system, even if it still has a number of Ubuntu-specific components. One does not get the sense that the device is watching quite as closely as Android devices do, though it's not entirely clear, for example, what happens with location data or where it might be stored. In any case, a Ubuntu device clearly has more free software on it than most alternatives do; there is no proprietary "play services" layer maintaining control over the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Sadly, though, this distribution still is not up to the capabilities and the performance of the big alternatives. Switching to Ubuntu Touch means settling for a much slower system, running on a severely limited set of devices, with a relative scarcity of apps to choose from. Your editor would very much like to see a handset distribution that is more free and more open than the alternatives, but that distribution must also be competitive with those alternatives, and that does not seem to be the case here. Unless Canonical can find a way to close the performance and feature gaps with Android, it seems unlikely to have much hope of achieving uptake that is within a few orders of magnitude of Android's.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://lwn.net/Articles/667983/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Jonathan Corbet
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]: https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/start/ubuntu-for-devices/devices/
|
||||
[2]: https://lwn.net/Articles/540138/
|
||||
[3]: https://static.lwn.net/images/2015/utouch/overview-sm.png
|
||||
[4]: https://static.lwn.net/images/2015/utouch/camera-swipe-sm.png
|
||||
[5]: https://static.lwn.net/images/2015/utouch/terminal.png
|
||||
[6]: https://static.lwn.net/images/2015/utouch/gps-sm.png
|
||||
[7]: https://static.lwn.net/images/2015/utouch/camera-perm.png
|
||||
[8]: https://static.lwn.net/images/2015/utouch/schifo.png
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
|
||||
bioIkke 翻译中
|
||||
7 Steps to Start Your Linux SysAdmin Career
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
|
||||
GHLandy Translating
|
||||
|
||||
How to Best Manage Encryption Keys on Linux
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
|
||||
Ricky Gong 翻译中
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Systems Patched for Critical glibc Flaw
|
||||
=================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
|
||||
Achieving Enterprise-Ready Container Tools With Wercker’s Open Source CLI
|
||||
===========================================
|
||||
#CoderBOBO translating
|
||||
|
||||
For enterprises, containers offer more efficient build environments, cloud-native applications and migration from legacy systems to the cloud. But enterprise adoption of the technology -- Docker specifically -- has been hampered by, among other issues, [a lack of mature developer tools][1].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user