mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
wwhio
GitHub
commit
05c70e4be5
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How To Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling It)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-fix-broken-ubuntu-os-without-reinstalling-it/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (SK https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10367-1.html)
|
||||
|
||||
如何不重装修复损坏的 Ubuntu 系统
|
||||
======
|
||||
@ -18,29 +18,20 @@
|
||||
|
||||
首先，尝试使用 live cd 登录并**在外部驱动器中备份数据**。以防这个方法没用，你仍然可以获取数据并重新安装系统！
|
||||
|
||||
在登录页上，按下 **CTRL+ALT+F1** 切换到 **tty1**。你可以在[**此处**][1]了解有关在 TTY 之间切换的更多信息。
|
||||
在登录页上，按下 `CTRL+ALT+F1` 切换到 tty1。你可以在[此处][1]了解有关在 TTY 之间切换的更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，逐个输入以下命令来修复损坏的 Ubuntu Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt clean
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt update --fix-missing
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt install -f
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,7 +43,7 @@ $ sudo reboot
|
||||
|
||||
你现在可以像往常一样登录到你的 Ubuntu 系统。
|
||||
|
||||
我做完这些步骤后，我 Ubuntu 18.04 测试系统中的所有数据都还在，一切都之前的一样。此方法可能不适用于所有人。但是，这个小小的贴士对我有用，并且比重装节省了一些时间。如果你了解其他更好的方法，请在评论区告诉我。我也会在本指南中添加它们。
|
||||
我做完这些步骤后，我 Ubuntu 18.04 测试系统中的所有数据都还在，一切都之前的一样。此方法可能不适用于所有人。但是，这个小小的技巧对我有用，并且比重装节省了一些时间。如果你了解其他更好的方法，请在评论区告诉我。我也会在本指南中添加它们。
|
||||
|
||||
这是这些了。希望这篇文章有用。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,10 +60,10 @@ via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-fix-broken-ubuntu-os-without-reinstalling-
|
||||
作者：[SK][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-switch-between-ttys-without-using-function-keys-in-linux/
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-switch-between-ttys-without-using-function-keys-in-linux/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Patch into The Matrix at the Linux command line)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/18/12/linux-toy-cmatrix)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jason Baker https://opensource.com/users/jason-baker)
|
||||
|
||||
在命令行中步入黑客帝国
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 使用 cmatrix 重建每个人都喜欢的 20 世纪 90 年代科幻电影中滚动代码的经典外观。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是今天的命令行玩具日历推荐项目。如果这是你第一次访问该系列，你可能想知道什么是命令行玩具？它可以是在命令行中任何可以娱乐的东西，可以是一个游戏，一个有趣的工具，或者一个消遣的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
其中一些是经典，有些是全新的（至少对我而言），但我希望你们所有人都能在这个系列中找到你喜欢的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
在我们在接近下一年的时候，现在是回顾和期待的好时机。2019 年会为你带来什么？2019 年意味着什么？
|
||||
|
||||
我想起 2019 年将是我青少年时期最喜欢的科幻电影之一[黑客帝国][1]的二十周年纪念日，它当时让我思考了未来将会发生什么。对于像我这样的痴迷计算机小孩来说，这是一个电脑程序员通过利用自己思维的力量崛起并成为虚拟宇宙中的动作英雄的终极故事。
|
||||
|
||||
当时，对我来说没有比这部电影更具未来感了。无论是故事本身，还是迷人的特效。即使意识到它是在二十多年前拍摄的也并没有改变我的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
今天将它带回我们的命令行玩具，让我们在终端用 `cmatrix` 重建黑客帝国中那向下滚动的代码流。 `cmatrix` 很容易安装，它在 Fedora 中被打包了，所以安装它只需：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ dnf install cmatrix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
接着，只需在你的终端输入 `cmatrix` 即可运行。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在 [GitHub][2] 上找到使用 GPL 许可的 `cmatrix` 的源代码。
|
||||
|
||||
你有特别喜欢的命令行小玩具需要我介绍的吗？这个系列要介绍的小玩具大部分已经有了落实，但还预留了几个空位置。评论留言让我知道，我会查看的。如果还有空位置，我会考虑介绍它的。如果没有，但如果我得到了一些很好的意见，我会在最后做一些有价值的提及。
|
||||
|
||||
了解一下昨天的玩具，[在 Linux 中让 Bash 提示符变得像冬天][2]，还有记得明天再来！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/linux-toy-cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jason Baker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jason-baker
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrix
|
||||
[2]: https://github.com/abishekvashok/cmatrix
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/linux-toy-bash-prompt
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
zjon is translating
|
||||
7 Best eBook Readers for Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
**Brief:** In this article, we are covering some of the best ebook readers for Linux. These apps give a better reading experience and some will even help in managing your ebooks.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by ScarboroughCoral
|
||||
How to turn on an LED with Fedora IoT
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Do you enjoy running Fedora, containers, and have a Raspberry Pi? What about using all three together to play with LEDs? This article introduces Fedora IoT and shows you how to install a preview image on a Raspberry Pi. You’ll also learn how to interact with GPIO in order to light up an LED.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Fedora IoT?
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora IoT is one of the current Fedora Project objectives, with a plan to become a full Fedora Edition. The result will be a system that runs on ARM (aarch64 only at the moment) devices such as the Raspberry Pi, as well as on the x86_64 architecture.
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora IoT is based on OSTree, like [Fedora Silverblue][2] and the former [Atomic Host][3].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download and install Fedora IoT
|
||||
|
||||
The official Fedora IoT images are coming with the Fedora 29 release. However, in the meantime you can download a [Fedora 28-based image][4] for this experiment.
|
||||
|
||||
You have two options to install the system: either flash the SD card using a dd command, or use a fedora-arm-installer tool. The Fedora Wiki offers more information about [setting up a physical device][5] for IoT. Also, remember that you might need to resize the third partition.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you insert the SD card into the device, you’ll need to complete the installation by creating a user. This step requires either a serial connection, or a HDMI display with a keyboard to interact with the device.
|
||||
|
||||
When the system is installed and ready, the next step is to configure a network connection. Log in to the system with the user you have just created choose one of the following options:
|
||||
|
||||
* If you need to configure your network manually, run a command similar to the following. Remember to use the right addresses for your network:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nmcli connection add con-name cable ipv4.addresses \
|
||||
192.168.0.10/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.0.1 \
|
||||
connection.autoconnect true ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,1.1.1.1" \
|
||||
type ethernet ifname eth0 ipv4.method manual
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* If there’s a DHCP service on your network, run a command like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nmcli con add type ethernet con-name cable ifname eth0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### **The GPIO interface in Fedora**
|
||||
|
||||
Many tutorials about GPIO on Linux focus on a legacy GPIO sysfis interface. This interface is deprecated, and the upstream Linux kernel community plan to remove it completely, due to security and other issues.
|
||||
|
||||
The Fedora kernel is already compiled without this legacy interface, so there’s no /sys/class/gpio on the system. This tutorial uses a new character device /dev/gpiochipN provided by the upstream kernel. This is the current way of interacting with GPIO.
|
||||
|
||||
To interact with this new device, you need to use a library and a set of command line interface tools. The common command line tools such as echo or cat won’t work with this device.
|
||||
|
||||
You can install the CLI tools by installing the libgpiod-utils package. A corresponding Python library is provided by the python3-libgpiod package.
|
||||
|
||||
### **Creating a container with Podman**
|
||||
|
||||
[Podman][6] is a container runtime with a command line interface similar to Docker. The big advantage of Podman is it doesn’t run any daemon in the background. That’s especially useful for devices with limited resources. Podman also allows you to start containerized services with systemd unit files. Plus, it has many additional features.
|
||||
|
||||
We’ll create a container in these two steps:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Create a layered image containing the required packages.
|
||||
2. Create a new container starting from our image.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
First, create a file Dockerfile with the content below. This tells podman to build an image based on the latest Fedora image available in the registry. Then it updates the system inside and installs some packages:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FROM fedora:latest
|
||||
RUN dnf -y update
|
||||
RUN dnf -y install libgpiod-utils python3-libgpiod
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You have created a build recipe of a container image based on the latest Fedora with updates, plus packages to interact with GPIO.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, run the following command to build your base image:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman build --tag fedora:gpiobase -f ./Dockerfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You have just created your custom image with all the bits in place. You can play with this base container images as many times as you want without installing the packages every time you run it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Working with Podman
|
||||
|
||||
To verify the image is present, run the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman images
|
||||
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
|
||||
localhost/fedora gpiobase 67a2b2b93b4b 10 minutes ago 488MB
|
||||
docker.io/library/fedora latest c18042d7fac6 2 days ago 300MB
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now, start the container and do some actual experiments. Containers are normally isolated and don’t have an access to the host system, including the GPIO interface. Therefore, you need to mount it inside while starting the container. To do this, use the –device option in the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman run -it --name gpioexperiment --device=/dev/gpiochip0 localhost/fedora:gpiobase /bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You are now inside the running container. Before you move on, here are some more container commands. For now, exit the container by typing exit or pressing **Ctrl+D**.
|
||||
|
||||
To list the the existing containers, including those not currently running, such as the one you just created, run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman container ls -a
|
||||
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
|
||||
64e661d5d4e8 localhost/fedora:gpiobase /bin/bash 37 seconds ago Exited (0) Less than a second ago gpioexperiment
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To create a new container, run this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman run -it --name newexperiment --device=/dev/gpiochip0 localhost/fedora:gpiobase /bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Delete it with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman rm newexperiment
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### **Turn on an LED**
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can use the container you already created. If you exited from the container, start it again with this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman start -ia gpioexperiment
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
As already discussed, you can use the CLI tools provided by the libgpiod-utils package in Fedora. To list the available GPIO chips, run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpiodetect
|
||||
gpiochip0 [pinctrl-bcm2835] (54 lines)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To get the list of the lines exposed by a specific chip, run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpioinfo gpiochip0
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Notice there’s no correlation between the number of physical pins and the number of lines printed by the previous command. What’s important is the BCM number, as shown on [pinout.xyz][7]. It is not advised to play with the lines that don’t have a corresponding BCM number.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, connect an LED to the physical pin 40, that is BCM 21. Remember: the shorter leg of the LED (the negative leg, called the cathode) must be connected to a GND pin of the Raspberry Pi with a 330 ohm resistor, and the long leg (the anode) to the physical pin 40.
|
||||
|
||||
To turn the LED on, run the following command. It will stay on until you press **Ctrl+C** :
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpioset --mode=wait gpiochip0 21=1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To light it up for a certain period of time, add the -b (run in the background) and -s NUM (how many seconds) parameters, as shown below. For example, to light the LED for 5 seconds, run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpioset -b -s 5 --mode=time gpiochip0 21=1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Another useful command is gpioget. It gets the status of a pin (high or low), and can be useful to detect buttons and switches.
|
||||
|
||||
![Closeup of LED connection with GPIO][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### **Conclusion**
|
||||
|
||||
You can also play with LEDs using Python — [there are some examples here][9]. And you can also use the i2c devices inside the container as well. In addition, Podman is not strictly related to this Fedora edition. You can install it on any existing Fedora Edition, or try it on the two new OSTree-based systems in Fedora: [Fedora Silverblue][2] and [Fedora CoreOS][10].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/turnon-led-fedora-iot/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Alessio Ciregia][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: http://alciregi.id.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/oled-1024x768.png
|
||||
[2]: https://teamsilverblue.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.projectatomic.io/
|
||||
[4]: https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org/compose/iot/latest-Fedora-IoT-28/compose/IoT/
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/InternetOfThings/GettingStarted#Setting_up_a_Physical_Device
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/containers/libpod
|
||||
[7]: https://pinout.xyz/
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/breadboard-1024x768.png
|
||||
[9]: https://github.com/brgl/libgpiod/tree/master/bindings/python/examples
|
||||
[10]: https://coreos.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Patch into The Matrix at the Linux command line)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/18/12/linux-toy-cmatrix)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jason Baker https://opensource.com/users/jason-baker)
|
||||
|
||||
Patch into The Matrix at the Linux command line
|
||||
======
|
||||
Recreate the classic look and feel of everyone's favorite 1990s sci-fi movie code scroller with cmatrix.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You've found your way to today's entry from the Linux command-line toys advent calendar. If this is your first visit to the series, you might be wondering what a command-line toy even is? It's anything that's an entertaining diversion at the terminal, be it a game, a fun utility, or a simple distraction.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of these are classics, and some are completely new (at least to me), but I hope all of you find something you enjoy in this series.
|
||||
|
||||
As we come to the close of another year, it's a good time for looking back, and looking forward. What will 2019 hold for you? What does it mean to be 2019?
|
||||
|
||||
I'm reminded that 2019 will mark the twentieth anniversary of one of my favorite science fiction movies from my teenage years, that at the time had me thinking a lot about what the future would hold: [The Matrix][1]. For a computer nerd kid like me, it was the ultimate story of a computer programmer rising up and becoming an action hero in a virtual universe by tapping into the power of his mind.
|
||||
|
||||
At the time, there was no movie that seemed more futuristic to me; both in the story itself, and in the mesmerizing special effects. Realizing that it was filmed over twenty years ago doesn't change that in my mind.
|
||||
|
||||
Bringing it back to our command-line toy for today, let's recreate the downward flowing code of the Matrix at our terminal with **cmatrix**. **cmatrix** was an easy install for me, packaged for Fedora, so installing it took simply:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ dnf install cmatrix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then, just type **cmatrix **at your terminal to run.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the source code for **** **cmatrix** [on GitHub][2] under a GPL license.
|
||||
|
||||
Do you have a favorite command-line toy that you think I ought to include? The calendar for this series is mostly filled out but I've got a few spots left. Let me know in the comments below, and I'll check it out. If there's space, I'll try to include it. If not, but I get some good submissions, I'll do a round-up of honorable mentions at the end.
|
||||
|
||||
Check out yesterday's toy, [Winterize your Bash prompt in Linux][3], and check back tomorrow for another!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/linux-toy-cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jason Baker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jason-baker
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrix
|
||||
[2]: https://github.com/abishekvashok/cmatrix
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/linux-toy-bash-prompt
|
||||
@ -7,138 +7,136 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
Celebrate Christmas In Linux Way With These Wallpapers
|
||||
使用这些壁纸以 Linux 的方式庆祝圣诞节
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
It’s the holiday season and many of you might be celebrating Christmas already. From the team of It’s FOSS, I would like to wish you a Merry Christmas and a happy new year.
|
||||
当前正是假日季节，很多人可能已经在庆祝圣诞节了。我代表 It's FOSS 团队祝你圣诞快乐，新年快乐。
|
||||
|
||||
To continue the festive mood, I’ll show you some really awesome [Linux wallpapers][1] on Christmas theme. But before we see that, how about a Christmas Tree in Linux terminal.
|
||||
为了延续节日氛围，我将向你展示一些非常棒的圣诞主题 [Linux壁纸][1]。在呈现这些壁纸之前，先来看一棵 Linux 终端下的圣诞树。
|
||||
|
||||
### Display Christmas Tree in Linux Terminal
|
||||
### 在 Linux 终端下显示圣诞树
|
||||
|
||||
<https://giphy.com/embed/xUNda6KphvbpYxL3tm>
|
||||
圣诞树的效果如 [这个页面](https://giphy.com/embed/xUNda6KphvbpYxL3tm) 所示。
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to display an animated Christmas tree in the terminal, you can use the command below:
|
||||
使用以下命令在终端中显示一棵动画圣诞树：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sergiolepore/ChristBASHTree/master/tree-EN.sh | bash
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t want to get it from the internet all the time, you can get the shell script from its GitHub repository, change the permission and run it like a normal shell script.
|
||||
要是不想一直从互联网上获取这棵圣诞树，也可以从它的 [GitHub 仓库][2] 中获取对应的 shell 脚本，更改权限之后按照运行普通 shell 脚本的方式运行它。
|
||||
|
||||
[ChristBASHTree][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Display Christmas Tree in Linux terminal using Perl
|
||||
### 使用 Perl 在 Linux 终端下显示圣诞树
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Tree in Linux terminal by NixCraft][3]][4]
|
||||
|
||||
This trick was originally shared by [NixCraft][5]. You’ll need to install a Perl module for this.
|
||||
这个技巧最初由 [NixCraft][5] 分享，你需要为此安装 Perl 模块。
|
||||
|
||||
To be honest, I don’t like using Perl modules because uninstalling them is a real pain. So **use this Perl module knowing that you’ll have to manually remove it**.
|
||||
说实话，我不喜欢使用 Perl 模块，因为卸载它们真的很痛苦。所以使用这个 Perl 模块时需谨记，你必须手动移除它。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Acme::POE::Tree'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can read the original article [here][5] to know more about it.
|
||||
你可以阅读 [原文][5] 来了解更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
## Download Linux Christmas Wallpapers
|
||||
## 下载 Linux 圣诞主题壁纸
|
||||
|
||||
All these Linux Christmas wallpapers are created by Mark Riedesel and you can find plenty of other artwork on [his website][6].
|
||||
所有这些 Linux 圣诞主题壁纸都是由 Mark Riedesel 制作的，你可以在 [他的网站][6] 上找到很多其他艺术品。
|
||||
|
||||
He has been making such wallpapers almost every year since 2002. Quite understandably some of the earliest wallpapers don’t have modern aspect ratio. I have put them up in reverse chronological order.
|
||||
自 2002 年以来，他几乎每年都在制作这样的壁纸。可以理解的是，最早的一些壁纸不具有现代的宽高比。我把它们按时间倒序排列。
|
||||
|
||||
One tiny note. The images displayed here are highly compressed so download the wallpapers from the provided link only.
|
||||
注意一个小地方，这里显示的图片都是高度压缩的，因此你要通过图片下方提供的链接进行下载。
|
||||
|
||||
![Christmas Linux Wallpaper][7]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][8]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][8]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][9]][10]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][11]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][11]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][12]][13]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][14]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][14]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][15]][16]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][17]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][17]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][18]][19]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][20]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][20]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][21]][22]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][23]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][24]][25]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][26]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][26]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][27]][28]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][29]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][29]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][30]][31]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][32]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][32]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][33]][34]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][35]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][35]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][36]][37]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][38]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][38]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][39]][40]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][41]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][41]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][42]][43]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][44]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][44]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][45]][46]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][47]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][47]
|
||||
|
||||
[![Christmas Linux Wallpapers][48]][49]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download This Wallpaper][50]
|
||||
[下载此壁纸][50]
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus: Linux Christmas carols
|
||||
### 福利：Linux 圣诞颂歌
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a bonus for you. Christmas carols Linuxified for Linux lovers like us.
|
||||
这是给你的一份福利，给像我们一样的 Linux 爱好者的关于 Linux 的圣诞颂歌。
|
||||
|
||||
In [an article on Computer World][51], [Sandra Henry-Stocker][52] shared such Christmas carols. An excerpt:
|
||||
在 [计算机世界的一篇文章][51] 中，[Sandra Henry-Stocker][52] 分享了这些圣诞颂歌。摘录片段如下：
|
||||
|
||||
To the tune of: [Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire][53]
|
||||
这一段用的 [Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire][53] 的曲调：
|
||||
|
||||
> Running merrily on open source
|
||||
> With users happy as can be
|
||||
> We’re using Linux and getting lots done
|
||||
> And happy everything is free
|
||||
|
||||
To the tune of: [The Twelve Days of Christmas][54]
|
||||
这一段用的 [The Twelve Days of Christmas][54] 的曲调：
|
||||
|
||||
> On my first day with Linux, my admin gave to me a password and a login ID
|
||||
> On my second day with Linux my admin gave to me two new commands and a password and a login ID
|
||||
|
||||
You can read full carols [here][51].
|
||||
在 [这里][51] 阅读完整的颂歌。
|
||||
|
||||
Merry Linux to you!!
|
||||
祝你享受 Linux！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/christmas-linux-wallpaper/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[jlztan](https://github.com/jlztan)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
|
||||
# 如何使用 Fedora IoT 开启 LED 灯
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你喜欢 Fedora、容器和树莓派吗？这三者结合操控 LED 会怎么样？本文介绍的是 Fedora IoT，将展示如何在树莓派上安装预览镜像。还将学习如何与 GPIO 交互以开启 LED。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Fedora IoT?
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora IoT 是当前 Fedora 项目的目标之一，计划成为一个完整的 Fedora 版本。Fedora IoT 将是一个在ARM（目前仅限 aarch64）例如树莓派，以及 x86_64 架构设备上运行的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora IoT 基于 OSTree 开发, 就像[Fedora Silverblue][2] 和以往的 [Atomic Host][3].
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载和安装 Fedora IoT
|
||||
|
||||
官方 Fedora IoT 镜像将和 Fedora 29 一起发布。但是在此期间你可以下载 [Fedora 28-based 镜像][4] 来进行这个实验。
|
||||
|
||||
你有两种方法来安装这个系统：使用 dd 命令闪存SD卡，或者使用 fedora-arm-installer 工具。Fedora 的 Wiki 里面提供了更多关于[设置物理设备][5] 的信息来开发 IoT。另外，你可能需要调整第三个分区的大小。
|
||||
|
||||
把 SD 卡插入到设备并运行，需要创建一个用户来完成安装。这个步骤需要串行连接或带键盘的 HDMI 显示器来与设备进行交互。
|
||||
|
||||
当系统安装完成后，下一步就是要设置网络连接。使用你刚才创建的用户登录系统，可以使用下列方式之一完成网络连接设置：
|
||||
|
||||
- 如果你需要手动配置你的网络，可能需要执行类似如下命令，需要保证设置正确的网络地址：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nmcli connection add con-name cable ipv4.addresses \
|
||||
192.168.0.10/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.0.1 \
|
||||
connection.autoconnect true ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8,1.1.1.1" \
|
||||
type ethernet ifname eth0 ipv4.method manual
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 如果你网络上运行着 DHCP 服务，可能需要类似如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nmcli con add type ethernet con-name cable ifname eth0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### **Fedora 中的 GPIO 接口**
|
||||
|
||||
许多关于 Linux 上 GPIO 的教程都关注传统的 GPIO sysfis 接口。这个接口已经不推荐使用了，并且上游 Linux 内核社区由于安全和其他问题的缘故打算完全删除它。
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora 已经不将这个传统的接口编译到内核了，因此在系统上没有 /sys/class/gpio 这个文件。此教程使用一个上游内核提供的一个新的字符设备 /dev/gpiochipN 。这是目前和 GPIO 交互的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
为了和这个新设备进行交互，你需要使用一个库和一系列命令行界面工具。公共命令行工具比如说 echo 和 cat 在此设备上无法正常工作。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过安装 libgpiod-utils 包来安装命令行界面工具。python3-libgpiod 包提供了相应的 Python 库。
|
||||
|
||||
### **使用 Podman 来创建一个容器**
|
||||
|
||||
[Podman][6] 是一个容器运行环境，其命令行界面类似于Docker。Podman的一大优势是它不会在后台运行任何守护进程。这对于资源有限的设备尤其有用。Podman 还允许您使用 systemd 单元文件启动容器化服务。此外，它还有许多其他功能。
|
||||
|
||||
我们使用如下两步来创建一个容器：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. 创建包含所需包的分层镜像。
|
||||
2. 使用分层镜像创建一个新容器。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
首先创建一个 Dockerfile 文件，内容如下。这些内容告诉 podman 基于可使用的最新 Fedora 镜像来构建我们的分层镜像。然后就是更新系统和安装一些软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FROM fedora:latest
|
||||
RUN dnf -y update
|
||||
RUN dnf -y install libgpiod-utils python3-libgpiod
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这样你就完成了镜像的生成前的配置工作，这个镜像基于最新的 Fedora，而且包含了和 GPIO 交互的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你就可以运行下方命令来构建你的基本镜像了：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman build --tag fedora:gpiobase -f ./Dockerfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你已经成功创建了你的自定义镜像。这样以后你就可以不用每次都重新搭建环境了，而是基于你创建的镜像来完成工作。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Podman 完成工作
|
||||
|
||||
为了确认当前的镜像，可以运行下方命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman images
|
||||
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
|
||||
localhost/fedora gpiobase 67a2b2b93b4b 10 minutes ago 488MB
|
||||
docker.io/library/fedora latest c18042d7fac6 2 days ago 300MB
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，启动容器并进行一些实际的实验。 容器通常是隔离的，无法访问主机系统，包括GPIO接口。 因此需要在启动容器时将其挂载在容器内。 可以使用以下命令中的 -device 选项来解决：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman run -it --name gpioexperiment --device=/dev/gpiochip0 localhost/fedora:gpiobase /bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行之后就进入了正在运行的容器中。 在继续之前，这里有一些容器命令。 输入 exit 或者按下 **Ctrl+D** 来退出容器。
|
||||
|
||||
显示所有存在的容器可以运行如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman container ls -a
|
||||
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
|
||||
64e661d5d4e8 localhost/fedora:gpiobase /bin/bash 37 seconds ago Exited (0) Less than a second ago gpioexperiment
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令创建一个新的容器：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman run -it --name newexperiment --device=/dev/gpiochip0 localhost/fedora:gpiobase /bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果想删除容器可以使用如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman rm newexperiment
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### **开启 LED 灯**
|
||||
|
||||
现在可以使用已创建的容器。 如果容器已经退出，请使用以下命令再次启动它：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo podman start -ia gpioexperiment
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如前所述，可以使用 Fedora 中 libgpiod-utils 包提供的 CLI 工具。 要列出可用的 GPIO 芯片可以使用如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpiodetect
|
||||
gpiochip0 [pinctrl-bcm2835] (54 lines)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要获取特定芯片的公开列表，请运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpioinfo gpiochip0
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请注意，物理引脚数与前一个命令打印的行数之间没有相关性。 重要的是 BCM 编号，如 [pinout.xyz][7] 所示。 建议不要使用没有相应 BCM 编号的线路。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，将 LED 连接到物理引脚40，也就是 BCM 21。请记住：LED的短腿（负极，称为阴极）必须连接到带有330欧姆电阻的树莓派的 GND 引脚， 并且长腿（阳极）到物理引脚40。
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令打开LED。，按下 **Ctrl + C ** 关闭：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpioset --mode=wait gpiochip0 21=1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要点亮一段时间，请添加 -b（在后台运行）和 -s NUM（多少秒）参数，如下所示。 例如，要点亮 LED 5秒钟，运行如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ gpioset -b -s 5 --mode=time gpiochip0 21=1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
另一个有用的命令是 gpioget。 它可以获得引脚的状态（高或低），可用于检测按钮和开关。
|
||||
|
||||
![Closeup of LED connection with GPIO][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### **总结**
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以使用 Python 操控 LED - [这里有一些例子][9]。 也可以在容器内使用 i2c 设备。 此外，Podman 与此 Fedora 版本并不严格相关。 你可以在任何现有的 Fedora Edition 上安装它，或者在 Fedora 中使用两个基于 OSTree 的新系统进行尝试：[Fedora Silverblue][2] 和 [Fedora CoreOS][10]。
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/turnon-led-fedora-iot/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Alessio Ciregia][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[ScarboroughCoral](https://github.com/ScarboroughCoral)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: http://alciregi.id.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/oled-1024x768.png
|
||||
[2]: https://teamsilverblue.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.projectatomic.io/
|
||||
[4]: https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org/compose/iot/latest-Fedora-IoT-28/compose/IoT/
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/InternetOfThings/GettingStarted#Setting_up_a_Physical_Device
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/containers/libpod
|
||||
[7]: https://pinout.xyz/
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/breadboard-1024x768.png
|
||||
[9]: https://github.com/brgl/libgpiod/tree/master/bindings/python/examples
|
||||
[10]: https://coreos.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user