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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11236-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (How to Get Linux Kernel 5.0 in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)
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||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-hwe-kernel/)
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[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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@ -10,31 +10,31 @@
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如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中获取 Linux 5.0 内核
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======
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_ **最近发布的 Ubuntu 18.04.3 包括 Linux 5.0 内核中的几个新功能和改进，但默认情况下没有安装。本教程演示了如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中获取 Linux 5 内核。** _
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> 最近发布的 Ubuntu 18.04.3 包括 Linux 5.0 内核中的几个新功能和改进，但默认情况下没有安装。本教程演示了如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中获取 Linux 5 内核。
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[Subscribe to It’s FOSS YouTube Channel for More Videos][1]
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[Ubuntu 18.04 的第三个“点发布版”在这里][2]，它带来了新的稳定版本的 GNOME 组件、livepatch 桌面集成和内核 5.0。
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[Ubuntu 18.04 的第三个“点发布版”已经发布][2]，它带来了新的稳定版本的 GNOME 组件、livepatch 桌面集成和内核 5.0。
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可是等等！什么是“点发布版”（point release）？让我先解释一下。
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可是等等！什么是“<ruby>小数点版本<rt>point release</rt></ruby>”？让我先解释一下。
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### Ubuntu LTS 点发布版
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### Ubuntu LTS 小数点版本
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Ubuntu 18.04 于 2018 年 4 月发布，由于它是一个长期支持 （LTS） 版本，它将一直支持到 2023 年。从那时起，已经有许多 bug 修复，安全更新和软件升级。如果你今天下载 Ubuntu 18.04，你需要在[在安装 Ubuntu 后首先安装这些更新][3]。
|
||||
Ubuntu 18.04 于 2018 年 4 月发布，由于它是一个长期支持 （LTS） 版本，它将一直支持到 2023 年。从那时起，已经有许多 bug 修复、安全更新和软件升级。如果你今天下载 Ubuntu 18.04，你需要在[在安装 Ubuntu 后首先安装这些更新][3]。
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当然，这不是一种理想情况。这就是 Ubuntu 提供这些“点发布版”的原因。点发布版包含所有功能和安全更新以及自 LTS 版本首次发布以来添加的 bug 修复。如果你今天下载 Ubuntu，你会得到 Ubuntu 18.04.3 而不是 Ubuntu 18.04。这节省了在新安装的 Ubuntu 系统上下载和安装数百个更新的麻烦。
|
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当然，这不是一种理想情况。这就是 Ubuntu 提供这些“小数点版本”的原因。点发布版包含所有功能和安全更新以及自 LTS 版本首次发布以来添加的 bug 修复。如果你今天下载 Ubuntu，你会得到 Ubuntu 18.04.3 而不是 Ubuntu 18.04。这节省了在新安装的 Ubuntu 系统上下载和安装数百个更新的麻烦。
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好了！现在你知道“点发布版”的概念了。你如何升级到这些点发布版？答案很简单。只需要像平时一样[更新你的 Ubuntu 系统][4]，这样你将在最新的点发布版上了。
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好了！现在你知道“小数点版本”的概念了。你如何升级到这些小数点版本？答案很简单。只需要像平时一样[更新你的 Ubuntu 系统][4]，这样你将在最新的小数点版本上了。
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你可以[查看 Ubuntu 版本][5]来了解正在使用的版本。我检查了一下，因为我用的是 Ubuntu 18.04.3，我以为我的内核会是 5。当我[查看 Linux 内核版本][6]时，它仍然是基本内核 4.15。
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![Ubuntu Version And Linux Kernel Version Check][7]
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这是为什么？如果 Ubuntu 18.04.3 有 Linux 5.0 内核，为什么它仍然使用 Linux 4.15 内核？这是因为你必须通过选择 LTS 支持栈（通常称为 HWE）手动请求在 Ubuntu LTS 中安装新内核。
|
||||
这是为什么？如果 Ubuntu 18.04.3 有 Linux 5.0 内核，为什么它仍然使用 Linux 4.15 内核？这是因为你必须通过选择 LTS <ruby>支持栈<rt>Enablement Stack</rt></ruby>（通常称为 HWE）手动请求在 Ubuntu LTS 中安装新内核。
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### 使用 HWE 在Ubuntu 18.04 中获取 Linux 5.0 内核
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默认情况下，Ubuntu LTS 将保持在最初发布的 Linux 内核上。 [硬件支持栈][9]（HWE）为现有的 Ubuntu LTS 版本提供了更新的内核和 xorg 支持。
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默认情况下，Ubuntu LTS 将保持在最初发布的 Linux 内核上。<ruby>[硬件支持栈][9]<rt>hardware enablement stack</rt></ruby>（HWE）为现有的 Ubuntu LTS 版本提供了更新的内核和 xorg 支持。
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最近发生了一些变化。如果你下载了 Ubuntu 18.04.2 或更新的桌面版本，那么就会为你启用 HWE，默认情况下你将获得新内核以及常规更新。
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04
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完成 HWE 内核的安装后，重启系统。现在你应该拥有更新的 Linux 内核了。
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**你在 Ubuntu 18.04 中获取 5.0 内核了么？**
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### 你在 Ubuntu 18.04 中获取 5.0 内核了么？
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请注意，下载并安装了 Ubuntu 18.04.2 的用户已经启用了 HWE。所以这些用户将能轻松获取 5.0 内核。
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-hwe-kernel/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||
[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Extreme's acquisitions have prepped it to better battle Cisco, Arista, HPE, others)
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||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3432173/extremes-acquisitions-have-prepped-it-to-better-battle-cisco-arista-hpe-others.html)
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||||
[#]: author: (Michael Cooney https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/)
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Extreme's acquisitions have prepped it to better battle Cisco, Arista, HPE, others
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======
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||||
Extreme has bought cloud, SD-WAN and data center technologies that make it more prepared to take on its toughest competitors.
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Extreme Networks has in recent months restyled the company with data-center networking technology acquisitions and upgrades, but now comes the hard part – executing with enterprise customers and effectively competing with the likes of Cisco, VMware, Arista, Juniper, HPE and others.
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The company’s latest and perhaps most significant long-term move was closing the [acquisition of wireless-networking vendor Aerohive][1] for about $210 million. The deal brings Extreme Aerohive’s wireless-networking technology – including its WiFi 6 gear, SD-WAN software and cloud-management services.
|
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|
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**More about edge networking**
|
||||
|
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* [How edge networking and IoT will reshape data centers][2]
|
||||
* [Edge computing best practices][3]
|
||||
* [How edge computing can help secure the IoT][4]
|
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With the Aerohive technology, Extreme says customers and partners will be able to mix and match a broader array of software, hardware, and services to create networks that support their unique needs, and that can be managed and automated from the enterprise edge to the cloud.
|
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|
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The Aerohive buy is just the latest in a string of acquisitions that have reshaped the company. In the past few years the company has acquired networking and data-center technology from Avaya and Brocade, and it bought wireless player Zebra Technologies in 2016 for $55 million.
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While it has been a battle to integrate and get solid sales footing for those acquisitions – particularly Brocade and Avaya, the company says those challenges are behind it and that the Aerohive integration will be much smoother.
|
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|
||||
“After scaling Extreme’s business to $1B in revenue [for FY 2019, which ended in June] and expanding our portfolio to include end-to-end enterprise networking solutions, we are now taking the next step to transform our business to add sustainable, subscription-oriented cloud-based solutions that will enable us to drive recurring revenue and improved cash-flow generation,” said Extreme CEO Ed Meyercord at the firm’s [FY 19 financial analysts][5] call.
|
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|
||||
The strategy to move more toward a software-oriented, cloud-based revenue generation and technology development is brand new for Extreme. The company says it expects to generate as much as 30 percent of revenues from recurring charges in the near future. The tactic was enabled in large part by the Aerohive buy, which doubled Extreme’s customer based to 60,000 and its sales partners to 11,000 and whose revenues are recurring and cloud-based. The acquisition also created the number-three enterprise Wireless LAN company behind Cisco and HPE/Aruba.
|
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|
||||
“We are going to take this Aerohive system and expand across our entire portfolio and use it to deliver common, simplified software with feature packages for on-premises or in-cloud based on customers' use case,” added Norman Rice, Extreme’s Chief Marketing, Development and Product Operations Officer. “We have never really been in any cloud conversations before so for us this will be a major add.”
|
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|
||||
Indeed, the Aerohive move is key for the company’s future, analysts say.
|
||||
|
||||
To continue reading this article register now
|
||||
|
||||
[Get Free Access][6]
|
||||
|
||||
[Learn More][7] Existing Users [Sign In][6]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3432173/extremes-acquisitions-have-prepped-it-to-better-battle-cisco-arista-hpe-others.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Cooney][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
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[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405440/extreme-targets-cloud-services-sd-wan-wifi-6-with-210m-aerohive-grab.html
|
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[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291790/data-center/how-edge-networking-and-iot-will-reshape-data-centers.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3331978/lan-wan/edge-computing-best-practices.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3331905/internet-of-things/how-edge-computing-can-help-secure-the-iot.html
|
||||
[5]: https://seekingalpha.com/article/4279527-extreme-networks-inc-extr-ceo-ed-meyercord-q4-2019-results-earnings-call-transcript
|
||||
[6]: javascript://
|
||||
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/learn-about-insider/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
|
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
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[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Nvidia rises to the need for natural language processing)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3432203/nvidia-rises-to-the-need-for-natural-language-processing.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Andy Patrizio https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/)
|
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|
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Nvidia rises to the need for natural language processing
|
||||
======
|
||||
As the demand for natural language processing grows for chatbots and AI-powered interactions, more companies will need systems that can provide it. Nvidia says its platform can handle it.
|
||||
![andy.brandon50 \(CC BY-SA 2.0\)][1]
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|
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Nvidia is boasting of a breakthrough in conversation natural language processing (NLP) training and inference, enabling more complex interchanges between customers and chatbots with immediate responses.
|
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|
||||
The need for such technology is expected to grow, as digital voice assistants alone are expected to climb from 2.5 billion to 8 billion within the next four years, according to Juniper Research, while Gartner predicts that by 2021, 15% of all customer service interactions will be completely handled by AI, an increase of 400% from 2017.
|
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|
||||
The company said its DGX-2 AI platform trained the BERT-Large AI language model in less than an hour and performed AI inference in 2+ milliseconds, making it possible “for developers to use state-of-the-art language understanding for large-scale applications.”
|
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|
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**[ Also read: [What is quantum computing (and why enterprises should care)][2] ]**
|
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|
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BERT, or Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, is a Google-powered AI language model that many developers say has better accuracy than humans in some performance evaluations. It’s all discussed [here][3].
|
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|
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### Nvidia sets natural language processing records
|
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|
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All told, Nvidia is claiming three NLP records:
|
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|
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**1\. Training:** Running the largest version of the BERT language model, a Nvidia DGX SuperPOD with 92 Nvidia DGX-2H systems running 1,472 V100 GPUs cut training from several days to 53 minutes. A single DGX-2 system, which is about the size of a tower PC, trained BERT-Large in 2.8 days.
|
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|
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“The quicker we can train a model, the more models we can train, the more we learn about the problem, and the better the results get,” said Bryan Catanzaro, vice president of applied deep learning research, in a statement.
|
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|
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**2\. Inference**: Using Nvidia T4 GPUs on its TensorRT deep learning inference platform, Nvidia performed inference on the BERT-Base SQuAD dataset in 2.2 milliseconds, well under the 10 millisecond processing threshold for many real-time applications, and far ahead of the 40 milliseconds measured with highly optimized CPU code.
|
||||
|
||||
**3\. Model:** Nvidia said its new custom model, called Megatron, has 8.3 billion parameters, making it 24 times larger than the BERT-Large and the world's largest language model based on Transformers, the building block used for BERT and other natural language AI models.
|
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|
||||
In a move sure to make FOSS advocates happy, Nvidia is also making a ton of source code available via [GitHub][4].
|
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|
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* NVIDIA GitHub BERT training code with PyTorch
|
||||
* NGC model scripts and check-points for TensorFlow
|
||||
* TensorRT optimized BERT Sample on GitHub
|
||||
* Faster Transformer: C++ API, TensorRT plugin, and TensorFlow OP
|
||||
* MXNet Gluon-NLP with AMP support for BERT (training and inference)
|
||||
* TensorRT optimized BERT Jupyter notebook on AI Hub
|
||||
* Megatron-LM: PyTorch code for training massive Transformer models
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Not that any of this is easily consumed. We’re talking very advanced AI code. Very few people will be able to make heads or tails of it. But the gesture is a positive one.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][5] and [LinkedIn][6] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3432203/nvidia-rises-to-the-need-for-natural-language-processing.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Andy Patrizio][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
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[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/alphabetic_letters_characters_language_by_andybrandon50_cc_by-sa_2-0_1500x1000-100794409-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3275367/what-s-quantum-computing-and-why-enterprises-need-to-care.html
|
||||
[3]: https://medium.com/ai-network/state-of-the-art-ai-solutions-1-google-bert-an-ai-model-that-understands-language-better-than-92c74bb64c
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT/tree/release/5.1/demo/BERT/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Powering edge data centers: Blue energy might be the perfect solution)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3432116/powering-edge-data-centers-blue-energy-might-be-the-perfect-solution.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
|
||||
|
||||
Powering edge data centers: Blue energy might be the perfect solution
|
||||
======
|
||||
Blue energy, created by mixing seawater and fresh water, could be the perfect solution for providing cheap and eco-friendly power to edge data centers.
|
||||
![Benkrut / Getty Images][1]
|
||||
|
||||
About a cubic yard of freshwater mixed with seawater provides almost two-thirds of a kilowatt-hour of energy. And scientists say a revolutionary new battery chemistry based on that theme could power edge data centers.
|
||||
|
||||
The idea is to harness power from wastewater treatment plants located along coasts, which happen to be ideal locations for edge data centers and are heavy electricity users.
|
||||
|
||||
“Places where salty ocean water and freshwater mingle could provide a massive source of renewable power,” [writes Rob Jordan in a Stanford University article][2].
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Read also: [Data centers may soon recycle heat into electricity][3] | Get regularly scheduled insights: [Sign up for Network World newsletters][4] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
The chemical process harnesses a mix of sodium and chloride ions. They’re squirted from battery electrodes into a solution and cause current to flow. That initial infusion is then followed by seawater being exchanged with wastewater effluent. It reverses the current flow and creates the energy, the researchers explain.
|
||||
|
||||
“Energy is recovered during both the freshwater and seawater flushes, with no upfront energy investment and no need for charging,” the article says.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, the battery is continually recharging and discharging with no added input—such as electricity from the grid. The Stanford researchers say the technology could be ideal for making coastal wastewater plants energy independent.
|
||||
|
||||
### Coastal edge data centers
|
||||
|
||||
But edge data centers, also taking up location on the coasts, could also benefit. Those data centers are already exploring kinetic wave-energy to harvest power, as well as using seawater to cool data centers.
|
||||
|
||||
I’ve written about [Ocean Energy’s offshore, power platform using kinetic wave energy][5]. That 125-feet-long, wave converter solution, not only uses ocean water for power generation, but its sea-environment implementation means the same body of water can be used for cooling, too.
|
||||
|
||||
“Ocean cooling and ocean energy in the one device” is a seductive solution, the head of that company said at the time.
|
||||
|
||||
[Microsoft, too, has an underwater data center][6] that proffers the same kinds of power benefits.
|
||||
|
||||
Locating data centers on coasts or in the sea rather than inland doesn’t just provide virtually free-of-cost, power and cooling advantages, plus the associated eco-emissions advantages. The coasts tend to be where the populous is, and locating data center operations near to where the actual calculations, data stores, and other activities need to take place fits neatly into low-latency edge computing, conceptually.
|
||||
|
||||
Other advantages to placing a data center actually in the ocean, although close to land, include the fact that there’s no rent in open waters. And in international waters, one could imagine regulatory advantages—there isn’t a country’s official hovering around.
|
||||
|
||||
However, by placing the installation on terra firma (as the seawater-saltwater mix power solution would be designed for) but close to water at a coast, one can use the necessary seawater and gain an advantage of ease of access to the real estate, connections, and so on.
|
||||
|
||||
The Stanford University engineers, in their seawater/wastewater mix tests, flushed a battery prototype 180 times with wastewater from the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant and seawater from nearby Half Moon Bay. The group says they obtained 97% “capturing [of] the salinity gradient energy,” or the blue energy, as it’s sometimes called.
|
||||
|
||||
“Surplus power production could even be diverted to nearby industrial operations,” the article continues.
|
||||
|
||||
“Tapping blue energy at the global scale: rivers running into the ocean” is yet to be solved. “But it is a good starting point,” says Stanford scholar Kristian Dubrawski in the article.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][7] and [LinkedIn][8] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3432116/powering-edge-data-centers-blue-energy-might-be-the-perfect-solution.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/08/uk_united_kingdom_northern_ireland_belfast_river_lagan_waterfront_architecture_by_benkrut_gettyimages-530205844_2400x1600-100807934-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://news.stanford.edu/2019/07/29/generating-energy-wastewater/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3410578/data-centers-may-soon-recycle-heat-into-electricity.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3314597/wave-energy-to-power-undersea-data-centers.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3283332/microsoft-launches-undersea-free-cooling-data-center.html
|
||||
[7]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Cockpit and the evolution of the Web User Interface)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/cockpit-and-the-evolution-of-the-web-user-interface/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Shaun Assam https://fedoramagazine.org/author/sassam/)
|
||||
|
||||
Cockpit and the evolution of the Web User Interface
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Over 3 years ago the Fedora Magazine published an article entitled [Cockpit: an overview][2]. Since then, the interface has see some eye-catching changes. Today’s Cockpit is cleaner and the larger fonts makes better use of screen real-estate.
|
||||
|
||||
This article will go over some of the changes made to the UI. It will also explore some of the general tools available in the web interface to simplify those monotonous sysadmin tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cockpit installation
|
||||
|
||||
Cockpit can be installed using the **dnf install cockpit** command. This provides a minimal setup providing the basic tools required to use the interface.
|
||||
|
||||
Another option is to install the Headless Management group. This will install additional packages used to extend the usability of Cockpit. It includes extensions for NetworkManager, software packages, disk, and SELinux management.
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following commands to enable the web service on boot and open the firewall port:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
|
||||
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service cockpit
|
||||
success
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
|
||||
success
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Logging into the web interface
|
||||
|
||||
To access the web interface, open your favourite browser and enter the server’s domain name or IP in the address bar followed by the service port (9090). Because Cockpit uses HTTPS, the installation will create a self-signed certificate to encrypt passwords and other sensitive data. You can safely accept this certificate, or request a CA certificate from your sysadmin or a trusted source.
|
||||
|
||||
Once the certificate is accepted, the new and improved login screen will appear. Long-time users will notice the username and password fields have been moved to the top. In addition, the white background behind the credential fields immediately grabs the user’s attention.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
A feature added to the login screen since the previous article is logging in with **sudo** privileges — if your account is a member of the wheel group. Check the box beside _Reuse my password for privileged tasks_ to elevate your rights.
|
||||
|
||||
Another edition to the login screen is the option to connect to remote servers also running the Cockpit web service. Click _Other Options_ and enter the host name or IP address of the remote machine to manage it from your local browser.
|
||||
|
||||
### Home view
|
||||
|
||||
Right off the bat we get a basic overview of common system information. This includes the make and model of the machine, the operating system, if the system is up-to-date, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Clicking the make/model of the system displays hardware information such as the BIOS/Firmware. It also includes details about the components as seen with **lspci**.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Clicking on any of the options to the right will display the details of that device. For example, the _% of CPU cores_ option reveals details on how much is used by the user and the kernel. In addition, the _Memory & Swap_ graph displays how much of the system’s memory is used, how much is cached, and how much of the swap partition active. The _Disk I/O_ and _Network Traffic_ graphs are linked to the Storage and Networking sections of Cockpit. These topics will be revisited in an upcoming article that explores the system tools in detail.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Secure Shell Keys and authentication
|
||||
|
||||
Because security is a key factor for sysadmins, Cockpit now has the option to view the machine’s MD5 and SHA256 key fingerprints. Clicking the **Show fingerprints** options reveals the server’s ECDSA, ED25519, and RSA fingerprint keys.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
You can also add your own keys by clicking on your username in the top-right corner and selecting **Authentication**. Click on **Add keys** to validate the machine on other systems. You can also revoke your privileges in the Cockpit web service by clicking on the **X** button to the right.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Changing the host name and joining a domain
|
||||
|
||||
Changing the host name is a one-click solution from the home page. Click the host name currently displayed, and enter the new name in the _Change Host Name_ box. One of the latest features is the option to provide a _Pretty name_.
|
||||
|
||||
Another feature added to Cockpit is the ability to connect to a directory server. Click _Join a domain_ and a pop-up will appear requesting the domain address or name, organization unit (optional), and the domain admin’s credentials. The Domain Membership group provides all the packages required to join an LDAP server including FreeIPA, and the popular Active Directory.
|
||||
|
||||
To opt-out, click on the domain name followed by _Leave Domain_. A warning will appear explaining the changes that will occur once the system is no longer on the domain. To confirm click the red _Leave Domain_ button.
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Configuring NTP and system date and time
|
||||
|
||||
Using the command-line and editing config files definitely takes the cake when it comes to maximum tweaking. However, there are times when something more straightforward would suffice. With Cockpit, you have the option to set the system’s date and time manually or automatically using NTP. Once synchronized, the information icon on the right turns from red to blue. The icon will disappear if you manually set the date and time.
|
||||
|
||||
To change the timezone, type the continent and a list of cities will populate beneath.
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Shutting down and restarting
|
||||
|
||||
You can easily shutdown and restart the server right from home screen in Cockpit. You can also delay the shutdown/reboot and send a message to warn users.
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Configuring the performance profile
|
||||
|
||||
If the _tuned_ and _tuned-utils_ packages are installed, performance profiles can be changed from the main screen. By default it is set to a recommended profile. However, if the purpose of the server requires more performance, we can change the profile from Cockpit to suit those needs.
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
### Terminal web console
|
||||
|
||||
A Linux sysadmin’s toolbox would be useless without access to a terminal. This allows admins to fine-tune the server beyond what’s available in Cockpit. With the addition of themes, admins can quickly adjust the text and background colours to suit their preference.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, if you type **exit** by mistake, click the _Reset_ button in the top-right corner*.* This will provide a fresh screen with a flashing cursor.
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
### Adding a remote server and the Dashboard overlay
|
||||
|
||||
The Headless Management group includes the Dashboard module (**cockpit-dashboard**). This provides an overview the of the CPU, memory, network, and disk performance in a real-time graph. Remote servers can also be added and managed through the same interface.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to add a remote computer in Dashboard, click the **+** button. Enter the name or IP address of the server and select the colour of your choice. This helps to differentiate the stats of the servers in the graph. To switch between servers, click on the host name (as seen in the screen-cast below). To remove a server from the list, click the check-mark icon, then click the red trash icon. The example below demonstrates how Cockpit manages a remote machine named _server02.local.lan_.
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
### Documentation and finding help
|
||||
|
||||
As always, the _man_ pages are a great place to find documentation. A simple search in the command-line results with pages pertaining to different aspects of using and configuring the web service.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ man -k cockpit
|
||||
cockpit (1) - Cockpit
|
||||
cockpit-bridge (1) - Cockpit Host Bridge
|
||||
cockpit-desktop (1) - Cockpit Desktop integration
|
||||
cockpit-ws (8) - Cockpit web service
|
||||
cockpit.conf (5) - Cockpit configuration file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The Fedora repository also has a package called **cockpit-doc**. The package’s description explains it best:
|
||||
|
||||
> The Cockpit Deployment and Developer Guide shows sysadmins how to deploy Cockpit on their machines as well as helps developers who want to embed or extend Cockpit.
|
||||
|
||||
For more documentation visit <https://cockpit-project.org/external/source/HACKING>
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
This article only touches upon some of the main functions available in Cockpit. Managing storage devices, networking, user account, and software control will be covered in an upcoming article. In addition, optional extensions such as the 389 directory service, and the _cockpit-ostree_ module used to handle packages in Fedora Silverblue.
|
||||
|
||||
The options continue to grow as more users adopt Cockpit. The interface is ideal for admins who want a light-weight interface to control their server(s).
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think about Cockpit? Share your experience and ideas in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/cockpit-and-the-evolution-of-the-web-user-interface/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Shaun Assam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/sassam/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/cockpit-overview/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-login-screen.png
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-home-screen.png
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-system-info.gif
|
||||
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-ssh-key-fingerprints.png
|
||||
[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-authentication.png
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-hostname-domain.gif
|
||||
[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-date-time.png
|
||||
[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-power-options.gif
|
||||
[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-tuned.gif
|
||||
[12]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-terminal.gif
|
||||
[13]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/cockpit-add-remote-servers.gif
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user