From 84e9ab501945e94bd5d5e897d46337840018217f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ypingcn <1344632698@qq.com> Date: Thu, 5 Jan 2017 17:42:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/43] Update 20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md --- ...UD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md b/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md index 0350f284e0..fb52f4d2d3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md +++ b/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ translating by ypingcn. +为了畅游网络的人们、专注于云端的Linux 发行版 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE ============================================================ @@ -7,12 +8,16 @@ CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE ![Best Linux distributions for cloud computing](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cloud-centric-Linux-distributions.jpg) ][6] +概述：我们列举了几款以云端为中心的 Linux 发行版，它们被视为真正能替代 Chrome OS 的 Linux 发行版。 _Brief: We list some _Cloud centric_ Linux distributions that might be termed as real Linux alternatives to Chrome OS._ +这个世界正在向云端服务转变，而且我们都知道 Chrome OS 倍受人们喜爱。嗯，它确实值得尊重。它超级快、轻盈、省电、简约、设计精美而且充分发挥了当今科技所能提供的云端潜能。 The world is moving to cloud-based services and we all know the kind of love that Chrome OS got. Well, it does deserve respect. It’s super fast, light, power-efficient, minimalistic, beautifully designed and utilizes the full potential of cloud that technology permits today. +虽然 [Chrome OS][7] 只能在谷歌的硬件上使用，但是，就只是在你的台式机或者笔记本上，还是有其他的方法来体验云计算的潜能。 Although [Chrome OS][7] is exclusively available only for Google’s hardware, there are other means to experience the potential of cloud computing right on your laptop or desktop. +正如我重复说的，在 Linux 领域中，人们总能参与其中。有那些看起来像 Windows 或者 Mac OS 的Linux 发行版。Linux 汇集了分享，爱和计算体验的最前沿。让我们马上看看这份列表吧！ As I have repeatedly said, there is always something for everybody in the Linux domain, be it [Linux distributions that look like Windows][8] or Mac OS. Linux is all about sharing, love and some really bleeding edge computing experience. Let’s crack this list right away! ### 1\. CUB LINUX From ad793a16a8d1c29222075f58f6dbaf0d18a438ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ypingcn <1344632698@qq.com> Date: Thu, 5 Jan 2017 18:26:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/43] Update 20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md --- ...SED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md | 11 +++++++++-- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md b/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md index fb52f4d2d3..302e30f02a 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md +++ b/sources/tech/20161107 CLOUD FOCUSED LINUX DISTROS FOR PEOPLE WHO BREATHE ONLINE.md @@ -23,23 +23,30 @@ As I have repeatedly said, there is always something for everybody in the Linux ### 1\. CUB LINUX ![Cub Linux Desktop](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/cub1.jpg) - + +这不是 Chrome OS ，上述图片描绘的是 Cub Linux 的桌面。不清楚我说的什么？ It is not Chrome OS. But the above image is featuring the desktop of [Cub Linux][9]. Say what? +Cub Linux 对于 Linux 用户来说不再新鲜，但是如果你确实不知道的话，（我来解释下，）Cub Linux 灵感来源于主流的 Chrome OS ，是一款专注于网页的 Linux 发行版。从母亲 Linux 来讲，它也是 Chrome OS 的开源兄弟。 Cub Linux is no news for Linux users. But if you already did not know, Cub Linux is the web focused Linux distro that is inspired from mainstream Chrome OS. It is also the open source brother of Chrome OS from mother Linux. +Chrome OS 内置了 Chrome 浏览器。不久之前，一个名为 [Chromixium OS][10] 的项目启动，旨在用 Chromium 浏览器取代 Chrome 浏览器，来提供与 Chrome OS 同样的体验。因为一些法律上的争论，项目名字后来改为 Cub Linux （取自 Chromium 和 Ubuntu 两个词）。 Chrome OS has the Chrome Browser as it’s primary component. Not so long ago, a project by name [Chromixium OS][10] was started to recreate Chrome OS like experience by using the Chromium Browser in place of Chrome Browser. Due to some legal issues, the name was later changed to Cub Linux (Chromium+Ubuntu). ![cub2](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/cub2.jpg) - + +在历史上，如名字提示的那样，Cub Linux 基于 Ubuntu ，使用了轻量的 Openbox 桌面环境。定制桌面来给人以 Chrome OS 的印象，而且看起来很整洁。 Well, history apart, as the name hints, Cub Linux is based on Ubuntu, features the lightweight Openbox Desktop Environment. The Desktop is customized to give a Chrome OS impression and looks really neat. +在应用部分，你能安装 Chrome 网上商店的网络应用和所有的 Ubuntu 应用。对，有 Chrome OS 的精美应用，你还能体会到 Ubuntu 的好处。 In the apps department, you can install the web applications from the Chrome web store and all the Ubuntu software. Yup, with all the snappy apps of the Chrome OS, You’ll still get the Ubuntu goodies. +就表现而言，这操作系统相当快多亏了它自身的 Openbox 桌面环境。基于 Ubuntu ，Cub Linux 的稳定性是毋庸置疑的。这桌面流畅的动画和漂亮的用户界面，对于眼睛是一种享受， As far as the performance is concerned, the operating system is super fast thanks to its Openbox Desktop Environment. Based on Ubuntu Linux, the stability of Cub Linux is unquestionable. The desktop itself is a treat to the eyes with all its smooth animations and beautiful UI. [Suggested Read[Year 2013 For Linux] 2 Linux Distributions Discontinued][11] +我向花费大部分时间在浏览器，时不时做些家务的人推荐 Cub Linux 。嗯，一个浏览器就是你所需要的全部，而且，一个浏览器正是你将会得到的全部。 I suggest Cub Linux to anybody who spends most their times on a browser and do some home tasks now and then. Well, a browser is all you need and a browser is exactly what you’ll get. ### 2\. PEPPERMINT OS From 45b9e882a6142fe70020005a6eaede9f0e071e21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Markgolzh Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2017 11:39:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/43] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...5 Top 8 systems operations and engineering trends for 2017.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20170105 Top 8 systems operations and engineering trends for 2017.md b/sources/tech/20170105 Top 8 systems operations and engineering trends for 2017.md index 4bf221c5a4..4f480bdb1c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20170105 Top 8 systems operations and engineering trends for 2017.md +++ b/sources/tech/20170105 Top 8 systems operations and engineering trends for 2017.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +翻译中--by zky001 Top 8 systems operations and engineering trends for 2017 ================= From 5f48355b1d434e2cc75d97e7f29a111a2f347ffb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yoo-4x Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2017 14:08:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/43] Yoo-4x translating --- ...uilding a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md b/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md index ae5e5b1eec..625b08efdc 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md +++ b/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translated by Yoo-4x + Building a data science portfolio: Storytelling with data ======== From d7c1ce5768d5e13d66678e3265fbe386afd4bbc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xiaojin Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2017 14:11:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/43] Delete 20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成，删除原文 --- ... INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md | 302 ------------------ 1 file changed, 302 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md diff --git a/sources/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md b/sources/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md deleted file mode 100644 index df048c4700..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,302 +0,0 @@ -rusking translating - -HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU [COMPLETE GUIDE] -============================================================ - - ![Complete guide for installing and removing applications in Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Managing-Software-in-Ubuntu-1.jpg) - -_Brief: This detailed guide shows you various ways to install software_ _in Ubuntu Linux and it also demonstrates how to remove installed software in Ubuntu._ - -When you [switch to Linux][14], the experience could be overwhelming at the start. Even the basic things like installing applications in Ubuntu could seem confusing. - -Don’t worry. Linux provides so many ways to do the same task that it is only natural that you may seem lost, at least in the beginning. You are not alone. We have all been to that stage. - -In this beginner’s guide, I’ll show most popular ways to install software in Ubuntu. I’ll also show you how to uninstall the software you had installed earlier. - -I’ll also provide my recommendation about which method you should be using for installing software in Ubuntu. Sit tight and pay attention. This is a long article, a detailed one which is surely going to add to your knowledge. - -### INSTALLING AND UNINSTALLING SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU - -I am using Ubuntu 16.04 running with Unity desktop environment in this guide. Apart from a couple of screenshots, this guide is applicable to all other flavors of Ubuntu. - -### 1.1 INSTALL SOFTWARE USING UBUNTU SOFTWARE CENTER [RECOMMENDED] - -The easiest and most convenient way to find and install software in Ubuntu is by using Ubuntu Software Center. In Ubuntu Unity, you can search for Ubuntu Software Center in Dash and click on it to open it: - -[ - ![Run Ubuntu Software Center](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ubuntu-Software-Center.png) -][15] - - -You can think of Ubuntu Software Center as Google’s Play Store or Apple’s App Store. It showcases all the software available for your Ubuntu system. You can either search for an application by its name or just browse through various categories of software. You can also opt for the editor’s pick. Your choice mainly. - - ![Installing software in Ubuntu using Ubuntu Software Center](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/install-software-Ubuntu-linux.jpeg) - -Once you have found the application you are looking for, simply click on it. This will open a page inside Software Center with a description of the application. You can read the description, see its raiting and also read reviews. You can also write a review if you want. - -Once you are convinced that you want the application, you can click on the install button to install the selected application. You’ll have to enter your password in order to install applications in Ubuntu. - -[ - ![Installing software in Ubuntu: The easy way](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/install-software-Ubuntu-linux-1.jpg) -][16] - -Can it be any easier than this? I doubt that. - -Tip: As I had mentioned in [things to do after installing Ubuntu 16.04][17], you should enable Canonical partner repository. By default, Ubuntu provides only those softwares that come from its own repository (verified by Ubuntu). - -But there is also a Canonical Partner repository which is not directly controlled by Ubuntu and includes closed source proprietary software. Enabling this repository gives you access to more software. [Installing Skype in Ubuntu][18] is achieved by this method. - -In Unity Dash, look for Software & Updates. - -[ - ![Ubuntu Software Update Settings](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Software_Update_Ubuntu.jpeg) -][19] - -And in here, under Other Software tab, check the options of Canonical Partners. - -[ - ![Enable Canonical partners in Ubuntu 14.04](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Enable_Canonical_Partner.jpeg) -][20] - - - -### 1.2 REMOVE SOFTWARE USING UBUNTU SOFTWARE CENTER [RECOMMENDED] - -We just saw how to install software using Ubuntu Software Center. How about removing software that you had installed using this method? - -Uninstalling software with Ubuntu Software Center is as easy as the installation process itself. - -Open the Software Center and click on the Installed tab. It will show you all the installed software. Alternatively, you can just search for the application by its name. - -To remove the application from Ubuntu, simply click on Remove button. Again you will have to provide your password here. - -[ - ![Uninstall software installed in Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Uninstall-Software-Ubuntu.jpeg) -][22] - -### 2.1 INSTALL SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU USING .DEB FILES - -.deb files are similar to the .exe files in Windows. This is an easy way to provide software installation. Many software vendors provide their software in .deb format. Google Chrome is such an example. - -You can download .deb file from the official website. - -[ - ![Downloading deb packaging](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/install-software-deb-package.png) -][23] - -Once you have downloaded the .deb file, just double click on it to run it. It will open in Ubuntu Software Center and you can install it in the same way as we saw in section 1.1. - -Alternatively, you can use a lightweight program [Gdebi to install .deb files in Ubuntu][24]. - -Once you have installed the software, you are free to delete the downloaded .deb file. - -Tip: A few things to keep in mind while dealing with .deb file. - -* Make sure that you are downloading the .deb file from the official source. Only rely on the official website or GitHub pages. -* Make sure that you are downloading the .deb file for correct system type (32 bit or 64 bit). Read our quick guide to [know if your Ubuntu system is 32 bit or 64 bit][8]. - -### 2.2 REMOVE SOFTWARE THAT WAS INSTALLED USING .DEB - -Removing software that was installed by a .deb file is the same as we saw earlier in section 1.2\. Just go to Ubuntu Software Center, search for the application name and click on remove to uninstall it. - -Alternatively, you can use [Synaptic Package Manager][25]. Not necessarily but this may happen that the installed application is not visible in Ubuntu Software Center. Synaptic Package Manager is lists all the software that are available for your system and all the software that are already installed on your system.This is a very powerful and very useful tool. - -This is a very powerful and very useful tool. Before Ubuntu Software Center came into existence to provide a more user-friendly approach to software installation, Synaptic was the default program for installing and uninstalling software in Ubuntu. - -You can install Synaptic package manager by clicking on the link below (it will open Ubuntu Software Center). - -[Install Synaptic Package Manager][26] - -Open Synaptic Manager and then search for the software you want to uninstall. Installed softwares are marked with a green button. Click on it and select “mark for removal”. Once you do that, click on “apply” to remove the selected software. - -[ - ![Using Synaptic to remove software in Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/uninstall-software-ubuntu-synaptic.jpeg) -][27] - -### 3.1 INSTALL SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU USING APT COMMANDS [RECOMMENDED] - -You might have noticed a number of websites giving you a command like “sudo apt-get install” to install software in Ubuntu. - -This is actually the command line equivalent of what we saw in section 1\. Basically, instead of using the graphical interface of Ubuntu Software Center, you are using the command line interface. Nothing else changes. - -Using the apt-get command to install software is extremely easy. All you need to do is to use a command like: - -``` -sudo apt-get install package_name -``` - -Here sudo gives ‘admin’ or ‘root’ (in Linux term) privileges. You can replace package_name with the desired software name. - -apt-get commands have auto-completion so if you type a few letters and hit tab, it will provide all the programs matching with those letters. - -### 3.2 REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU USING APT COMMANDS [RECOMMENDED] - -You can easily remove softwares that were installed using Ubuntu Software Center, apt command or .deb file using the command line. - -All you have to do is to use the following command, just replace the package_name with the software name you want to delete. - -``` -sudo apt-get remove package_name -``` - -Here again, you can benefit from auto completion by pressing the tab key. - -Using apt-get commands is not rocket science. This is in fact very convenient. With these simple commands, you get acquainted with the command line part of Ubuntu Linux and it does help in long run. I recommend reading my detailed [guide on using apt-get commands][28] to learn in detail about it. - -[Suggested ReadUsing apt-get Commands In Linux [Complete Beginners Guide]][29] - -### 4.1 INSTALL APPLICATIONS IN UBUNTU USING PPA - -PPA stands for [Personal Package Archive][30]. This is another way that developers use to provide their software to Ubuntu users. - -In section 1, you came across a term called ‘repository’. Repository basically contains a collection of software. Ubuntu’s official repository has the softwares that are approved by Ubuntu. Canonical partner repository contains the softwares from partnered vendors. - -In the same way, PPA enables a developer to create its own APT repository. When an end user (i.e you) adds this repository to the system (sources.list is modified with this entry), software provided by the developer in his/her repository becomes available for the user. - -Now you may ask what’s the need of PPA when we already have the official Ubuntu repository? - -The answer is that not all software automatically get added to Ubuntu’s official repository. Only the trusted software make it to that list. Imagine that you developed a cool Linux application and you want to provide regular updates to your users but it will take months before it could be added to Ubuntu’s repository (if it could). PPA comes handy in those cases. - -Apart from that, Ubuntu’s official repository often doesn’t include the latest version of a software. This is done to secure the stability of the Ubuntu system. A brand new software version might have a [regression][31] that could impact the system. This is why it takes some time before a new version makes it to the official repository, sometimes it takes months. - -But what if you do not want to wait till the latest version comes to the Ubuntu’s official repository? This is where PPA saves your day. By using PPA, you get the newer version. - -Typically PPA are used in three commands. First to add the PPA repository to the sources list. Second to update the cache of software list so that your system could be aware of the new available software. And third to install the software from the PPA. - -I’ll show you an example by using [Numix theme][32] PPA: - -``` -sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa -sudo apt-get update -sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme-circle -``` - -In the above example, we added a PPA provided [Numix project][33]. And after updating the software information, we add two programs available in Numix PPA. - -If you want a GUI application, you can use [Y-PPA application][34]. It lets you search for PPA, add and remove software in a better way. - -Tip: Security of PPA has often debated. My advice is that you should add PPA from a trusted source, preferably from the official sources. - -### 4.2 REMOVE APPLICATIONS INSTALLED USING PPA - -I have discussed [removing PPA in Ubuntu][35] in detail earlier. You should refer to that article to get more insights about handling PPA removal. - -To quickly discuss it here, you can use the following two commands. - -``` -sudo apt-get remove numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme-circle -``` - -``` -sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:numix/ppa -``` - -First command removes the software installed via the PPA. Second command removes the PPA from sources.list. - -### 5.1 INSTALLING SOFTWARE USING SOURCE CODE IN UBUNTU LINUX [NOT RECOMMENDED] - -Installing a software using the [source code][36] is not something I would recommend to you. It’s tedious, troublesome and not very convenient. You’ll have to fight your way through dependencies and what not. You’ll have to keep the source code files else you won’t be able to uninstall it later. - -But building from source code is still liked by a few, even if they are not developing software of their own. To tell you the truth, last I used source code extensively was 5 years ago when I was an intern and I had to develop a software in Ubuntu. I have preferred the other ways to install applications in Ubuntu since then. For normal desktop Linux user, installing from source code should be best avoided. - -I’ll be short in this section and just list out the steps to install a software from source code: - -* Download the source code of the program you want to install. -* Extract the downloaded file. -* Go to extracted directory and look for a README or INSTALL file. A well-developed software may include such a file to provide installation and/or removal instructions. -* Look for a file called configure. If it’s present, run the file using the command: ./configure This will check if your system has all the required softwares (called ‘dependencies’ in software term) to install the program. Note that not all software include configure file which is, in my opinion, bad development practice. -* If configure notifies you of missing dependencies, install them. -* Once you have everything, use the command make to compile the program. -* Once the program is compiled, run the command sudo make install to install the software. - -Do note that some softwares provide you with an install script and just running that files will install the software for you. But you won’t be that lucky most of the time. - -Also note that the program you installed using this way won’t be updated automatically like programs installed from Ubuntu’s repository or PPAs or .deb. - -I recommend reading this detailed article on [using the source code in Ubuntu][37] if you insist on using source code. - -### 5.2 REMOVING SOFTWARE INSTALLED USING SOURCE CODE [NOT RECOMMENDED] - -If you thought installing software from source code was difficult, think again. Removing the software installed using source code could be a bigger pain. - -* First, you should not delete the source code you used to install the program. -* Second, you should make sure at the installation time that there is a way to uninstall the program. A badly configured program might not provide a way to uninstall the program and then you’ll have to manually remove all the files installed by the software. - -Normally, you should be able to uninstall the program by going to its extracted directory and using this command: - -``` -sudo make uninstall -``` - -But this is not a guarantee that you’ll get this uninstall all the time. - -You see, there are lots of ifs and buts attached with source code and not that many advantages. This is the reason why I do not recommend using the source code to install the software in Ubuntu. - -### FEW MORE WAYS TO INSTALL APPLICATIONS IN UBUNTU - -There are a few more (not so popular) ways you can install software in Ubuntu. Since this article is already way too long, I won’t cover them. I am just going to list them here: - -* Ubuntu’s new [Snap packaging][9]. -* [dpkg][10] commands -* [AppImage][11] -* [pip][12] : used for installing Python based programs - -### HOW DO YOU INSTALL APPLICATIONS IN UBUNTU? - -If you have already been using Ubuntu, what’s your favorite way to install software in Ubuntu Linux? Did you find this guide useful? Do share your views, suggestions and questions. - --------------------- - -作者简介： -![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20749c268f5d3e4d2c785499eb6a17c0?s=70&d=mm&r=g) - -I am Abhishek Prakash, 'creator' of It's F.O.S.S. Working as a software professional. I am an avid Linux lover and Open Source enthusiast. I use Ubuntu and believe in sharing knowledge. Apart from Linux, I love classic detective mystery. Huge fan of Agatha Christie work. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/ - -作者：[ABHISHEK PRAKASH][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[1]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[2]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/#comments -[3]:http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fremove-install-software-ubuntu%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare -[4]:https://twitter.com/share?original_referer=/&text=How+To+Install+And+Remove+Software+In+Ubuntu+%5BComplete+Guide%5D&url=https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare&via=abhishek_pc -[5]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fremove-install-software-ubuntu%2F%3Futm_source%3DgooglePlus%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare -[6]:https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fremove-install-software-ubuntu%2F%3Futm_source%3DlinkedIn%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare -[7]:https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/&title=How+To+Install+And+Remove+Software+In+Ubuntu+%5BComplete+Guide%5D -[8]:https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-64-bit-ubuntu/ -[9]:https://itsfoss.com/use-snap-packages-ubuntu-16-04/ -[10]:https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/dpkg.html -[11]:http://appimage.org/ -[12]:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip -[13]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/managing-software-in-ubuntu-1/ -[14]:https://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/ -[15]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ubuntu-Software-Center.png -[16]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/install-software-ubuntu-linux-1/ -[17]:https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-16-04/ -[18]:https://itsfoss.com/install-skype-ubuntu-1404/ -[19]:https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-notify-updates-frequently/software_update_ubuntu/ -[20]:https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/enable_canonical_partner/ -[21]:https://itsfoss.com/essential-linux-applications/ -[22]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/uninstall-software-ubuntu/ -[23]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/install-software-deb-package/ -[24]:https://itsfoss.com/gdebi-default-ubuntu-software-center/ -[25]:http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/ -[26]:apt://synaptic -[27]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/uninstall-software-ubuntu-synaptic/ -[28]:https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/ -[29]:https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/ -[30]:https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA -[31]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_regression -[32]:https://itsfoss.com/install-numix-ubuntu/ -[33]:https://numixproject.org/ -[34]:https://itsfoss.com/easily-manage-ppas-ubuntu-1310-ppa-manager/ -[35]:https://itsfoss.com/how-to-remove-or-delete-ppas-quick-tip/ -[36]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code -[37]:http://www.howtogeek.com/105413/how-to-compile-and-install-from-source-on-ubuntu/ From 12a9f2816f889962e9a2a3d47fc349c3e13c5d5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: xiaojin Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2017 14:13:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/43] Add files via upload MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成，添加译文 --- ... INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md | 298 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 298 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md diff --git a/translated/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md b/translated/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba89c6a3ce --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20161221 HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU .md @@ -0,0 +1,298 @@ +HOW TO INSTALL AND REMOVE SOFTWARE IN UBUNTU [COMPLETE GUIDE] +============================================================ +Ubuntu 系统下安装及卸载软件【完全指南】 + + ![Complete guide for installing and removing applications in Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Managing-Software-in-Ubuntu-1.jpg) + +摘要：这篇文章详尽地说明了在 Ubuntu Linux 系统中如何安装及卸载软件的各种方法。 + +当你从 Windows 系统[转向 Linux 系统][14]的时候，刚开始的体验绝对是非比寻常的。在 Ubuntu 系统下就连最基本的事情，比如安装个应用程序都会让人感到无比困惑。 + +但是你也不用太担心。因为 Linux 系统提供各种各样的方法来完成同一个任务，刚开始你会感到困惑那也是正常的。你并不孤单，我们大家都是这么经历过来的。 + +在这篇初学者指南中，我将会教大家在 Ubuntu 系统里以最常用的方式来安装软件，以及如何卸载之前已安装的软件。 + +我也会提出自己的一些在关于应该使用哪种方法来安装软件方面的建议。请用心学习。这篇文章写得很长也很详细，你从中绝对能够学到东西。 + +### 在 Ubuntu 系统中安装和卸载软件 + +在这篇教程中我使用的是运行着 Unity 桌面环境的 Ubuntu 16.04 版本的系统。除了一些截图外，这篇教程也同样适用于其它版本的 Ubuntu 系统。 + +### 1.1 使用 UBUNTU 软件中心来安装软件 【推荐使用】 + +在 Ubuntu 系统中查找和安装软件最简单便捷的方法是使用 Ubuntu 软件中心。在 Ubuntu Unity 桌面里，你可以在 Dash 下搜索 Ubuntu 软件中心，然后选中打开即可： + +[ + ![Run Ubuntu Software Center](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ubuntu-Software-Center.png) +][15] + +你可以把 Ubuntu 软件中心想像成 Google 的 Play 商店或者是苹果的 App 商店。它包含 Ubuntu 系统下所有可用的软件。你可以通过应用程序的名称来搜索应用程序或者是通过浏览各种软件目录来进行查找软件。你还可以根据作者进行查询。这由你自己来选择。 + + ![Installing software in Ubuntu using Ubuntu Software Center](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/install-software-Ubuntu-linux.jpeg) + +一旦你找到自己想要的应用程序，选中它。软件中心将打开该应用程序的描述页面。你可以阅读关于这款软件的说明，评分等级和用户的评论。如果你愿意，也可以写一条评论。 + +一旦你确定想安装这款软件，你可以点击安装按钮来安装已选择的应用程序。在 Ubuntu 系统中，你需要输入 root 账号的密码才能安装该应用程序。 + +[ + ![Installing software in Ubuntu: The easy way](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/install-software-Ubuntu-linux-1.jpg) +][16] + +还有什么比这更简单的吗？我觉得应该没有了吧！ + +提示：正如我[在 Ubuntu 16.04 系统安装完成后你需要做的事情][17]这篇文章提到的那样，你应该启用 Canonical 合作伙伴仓库。默认情况下，Ubuntu 系统仅提供那些源自自身软件库（Ubuntu 认证）的软件。 + +但是还有一个 Canonical 合伙伙伴软件库，它包含一些未开源的软件，Ubuntu 并不直接管控它。启用该属性后将让你能够访问更多的软件。[在 Ubuntu 系统下安装 Skype 软件][18]就是通过那种方式安装完成的。 + +在 Unity Dash 中，找到软件或更新工具。 + +[ + ![Ubuntu Software Update Settings](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Software_Update_Ubuntu.jpeg) +][19] + +如下图，打开其它软件标签面，勾选 Canonical 合作伙伴选项。 + +[ + ![Enable Canonical partners in Ubuntu 14.04](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Enable_Canonical_Partner.jpeg) +][20] + + + +### 1.2 从 UBUNTU 软件中心卸载软件【推荐使用】 + +我们刚刚演示了如何在 Ubuntu 软件中心安装软件。那么如何使用同样的方法来卸载已安装的软件呢？ + +在 Ubuntu 软件中心卸载软件跟安装软件的步骤一样简单。 + +打开软件中心然后点击已安装的软件标签面。它将显示所有已安装的软件。或者，你也可以只搜索应用程序的名称。 + +要卸载 Ubuntu 系统中的应用程序，点击删除按钮即中。你同样需要输入 root 账号的密码。 + +[ + ![Uninstall software installed in Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Uninstall-Software-Ubuntu.jpeg) +][22] + +### 2.1 在 UBUNTU 系统中使用 .DEB 文件来安装软件 + +.deb 文件跟 Windows 下的 .exe 文件很相似。这是一种安装软件的简易方式。很多软件开发商都会提供 .deb 格式的安装包。Google Chrome 浏览器就是这样的。 + +你可以下载从官网下载 .deb 安装文件 + +[ + ![Downloading deb packaging](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/install-software-deb-package.png) +][23] + +一旦你下载完成 .deb 安装文件之后，只需要双击运行即可。它将在 Ubuntu 软件中心打开，你就可以使用前面 1.1 节中同样的方式来安装软件。 + +或者，你也可以使用轻量级的安装程序 [在 Ubuntu 系统中使用 Gdebi 工具来安装 .deb 安装文件][24] + +软件安装完成后，你可以随意删除下载的 .deb 安装包。 + +提示：在使用 .deb 文件的过程中需要注意的一些问题 + +* 确保你是从官网下载的 .deb 安装文件。仅使用官网或者 GitHub 首页提供的软件包。 +* 确保你下载的 .deb 文件系统类型正确（32 位或是 64 位）。请阅读我们写的快速指南[如何查看你的 Ubuntu 系统是 32 位的还是 64 位的][8] + +### 2.2 使用 .DEB 文件来删除已安装的软件 + +卸载 .deb 文件安装的软件跟我们在 1.2 节看到的步骤一样的。只需要打开 Ubuntu 软件中心，搜索应用程序名称，然后单击移除并卸载即可。 + +或者你也可以使用[新立得包管理器][25]。这也不是必须的，但是如果在 Ubuntu 软件中心找不到已安装的应用程序的情况下，就可以使用这个工具了。新立得软件包管理器会列出你系统里已安装的所有可用的软件。这是一个非常强大和有用的工具。 + +这个工具很强大非常有用。在 Bbuntu 软件中心被开发出来提供一种更友好的方式来安装软件之前，新立得包管理器是 Ubuntu 系统中默认的安装和卸载软件的工具。 + +你可以单击下面的链接来安装新立得软件包管器（它将会在 Ubuntu 软件中心中打开）。 + +[安装新立得包管理器][26] + +打开新立得包管理器，然后找到你想卸载的软件。已安装的软件标记为绿色按钮。单击并选择“标记为删除”。然后单击“应用”来删除你所选择的软件。 + +[ + ![Using Synaptic to remove software in Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/uninstall-software-ubuntu-synaptic.jpeg) +][27] + +### 3.1 在 UBUNTU 系统中使用 APT 命令来安装软件【推荐使用】 + +你应该看到过网上一些使用 “sudo apt-get install” 命令在 Ubuntu 系统下安装软件。 + +实际上这种命令行方式跟第 1 节中我们看到的安装方式一样。表面上你是在使用 Ubuntu 软件中心来安装或卸载软件，其实你调用的是命令行接口。没什么不同。 + +使用 apt-get 命令来安装软件超级简单。你只需要执行下面的命令： + +``` +sudo apt-get install package_name +``` + +上面使用 sudo 是为了获取 'admin' 或 ’root' 账号权限（专用于 Linux 系统）。你可以替换 package_name 为你想要安装的软件包名。 + +apt-get 命令可以自动补全，你只需要输入一些字符并按 tab 键即可， apt-get 命令将会列出所有与该字符相匹配的程序。 + +### 3.2 在 UBUNTU 系统下使用 APT 命令来卸载软件【推荐使用】 + +在命令行下，你可以很轻易的卸载 Ubuntu 软件中心安装的软件，以及使用 apt 命令或是使用 .deb 安装包安装的各种软件。 + +你只需要使用下面的命令，替换 package-name 为你想要删除的软件名。 + +``` +sudo apt-get remove package_name +``` + +同样地，你也可以通过按 tab 键来利用 apt-get 命令的自动补全功能。 + +使用 apt-get 命令来安装卸载或卸载并不算什么高深的技能。这实际上非常简便。通过这些简单命令的运用，你可以熟悉 Ubuntu Linux 系统的命令行操作，长期使用对你学习 Linux 系统的帮忙也很大。建议你看下我写的一篇很详细的[apt-get 命令使用指导][28]文章来进一步的了解该命令的使用。 + +[建议阅读[Linux 系统下 apt-get 命令初学者完全指南]][29] + +### 4.1 使用 PPA 命令在 UBUNTU 系统下安装应用程序 + +PPA 是[个人软件包集][30]的缩写。这是开发者为 Ubuntu 用户提供软件的一种方式。 + +在第 1 节中出现了一个叫做 ‘资源库’ 的术语。资源库本质上是一个软件集。 Ubuntu 官方资源库主要用于提供经过 Ubuntu 自己认证的软件。 Canonical 合作伙伴资源库包含来自合作厂商提供的各种应用软件。 + +同时，PPA 允许开发者创建自己的 APT 资源库。当用户在系统里添加了一个资源库时（该条目的 sources.list 值已改变），用户就可以使用开发者自己资源库里提供的软件了。 + +现在你也许要问既然我们已经有 Ubuntu 的官方资源库了，还有什么必要使用 PPA 方式呢？ + +答案是并不是所有的软件都会自动添加到 Ubuntu 的官方资源库中。只有受信任的软件才会添加到其中。假设你开发出一款很棒的 Linux 应用程序，然后你想为用户提供定期的更新，但是在它被添加到 Ubuntu 资源库之前，这需要花费好几个月的时间（如果是在被允许的情况下）。 PPA 的出现就是为了解决这个问题。 + +除此之外， Ubuntu 官方资源库通常不会把最新版的软件添加进来。这会影响到 Ubuntu 系统的安全性及稳定性。一款新版本的软件将有一次影响到系统的[回退][31]。这就是为什么在新款软件进入到官方资源库前老板娘花费一定的时间，有时候需要等待几个月。 + +但是，如果你不想等待 Ubuntu 资源库中出现的最新版呢？这个时候 PPA 就对你有帮助了。通过 PPA 方式，你可以获得该应用程序的最新版本。 + +通常情况下， PPA 通过这三个命令来进行使用。第一个命令添加 PPA 资源库到源列表中。第二个命令更新软件缓存列表，这样你的系统就可以获取到可用的新版本软件了。第三个命令用于从 PPA 安装软件。 + +我将演示使用 PPA 方式来安装 [Numix 主题][32]： + +``` +sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa +sudo apt-get update +sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme-circle +``` + +在上面的实例中，我们添加了一个[Numix 项目][33] 提供的 PPA 。之后更新软件信息，我们添加了两个可用的应用程序到 Numix PPA 中。 + +如果你想使用带有图形界面的应用程序，你可以使用 [Y-PPA 应用程序][34]。通过它你可以很方便地查询 PPA，添加和删除软件。 + +注意：PPA 的安全性经常受到争议。我的建议是你应该从受信任的源添加 PPA，最好是从官方软件源添加。 + +### 4.2 卸载使用 PPA 方式安装的应用程序REMOVE APPLICATIONS INSTALLED USING PPA + +在之前的文章[在 UBUNTU 系统下移除 PPA ][35]中我已经写得很详细了。你可以跳转以这篇文章去深入学习卸载 PPA 方式安装的软件。 + +这个咱们简要提一下，你可以使用下面的两个命令来卸载： + +``` +sudo apt-get remove numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme-circle +``` + +``` +sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:numix/ppa +``` + +第一个命令是卸载通过 PPA 方式安装的软件。第二个命令是从 source.list 中删除 PPA。 + +### 5.1 在 UBUNTU LINUX 系统中使用源代码来安装软件【不推荐使用】 + +我并不建议你使用[软件源代码][36]来安装该应用程序。这种方法很麻烦，容易出问题而且还非常地不方便。你得费尽周折去解决依赖包的问题。你还得保留源代码文件，以便将来卸载该应用程序。 + +但是还是有一些用户喜欢通过源代码编译的方式来安装软件，尽管他们自己本身并不会开发软件。实话告诉你，我曾经也经常使用这种方式来安装软件，不过那都是 5 年前的事了，那时候我还是一个实习生，我必须在 Ubuntu 系统下开发也一款软件来。但是，从那之后我更喜欢使用其它方式在 Ubuntu 系统中安装应用程序。我觉得，对于普通的 Linux 桌面用户，最好不要使用源代码的方式来安装软件。 + +在这一小节中我将简要地列出使用源代码方式来安装软件的几个步骤： +* 下载你想要安装软件的源代码。 +* 解压下载的文件。 +* 进入到解压目录里并找到 README 或者 INSTALL 文件。一款开发完善的软件都会包含这个文件，用于提供安装或卸载软件的指导方法。 +* 找到名为 configure 的配置文件。如果在当前目录下，使用这个命令来执行该文件：./configure 。它将会检查你的系统是否包含所有的必须的软件（在软件术语中叫做‘依赖包’）来安装该应用程序。注意并不是所有的软件都包括该配置文件，我觉得那些开发很糟糕的软件就没有这个配置文件。 +* 如果配置文件执行结果提示你缺少依赖包，你得先安装它们。 +* 一旦你安装完成所有的依赖包后，使用 make 命令来编译该应用程序。 +* 编译完成后，执行 sudo make install 命令来安装该应用程序。 + +注意有一些软件包会提供一个安装软件的脚本文件，你只需要运行这个文件即可安装完成。但是大多数情况下，你可没那么幸运。 + +还有，使用这种方式安装的软件不会像 Ubuntu 软件库或 PPA 方式，或者 .deb 安装方式那样自动完成更新。 + +如果你坚持使用源代码方式来安装软件，我建议你看下这篇很详细的文章[在 Ubuntu 系统中使用源代码安装软件][37]。 + +### 5.2 卸载使用源代码方式安装的软件【不推荐使用】 + +如果你觉得使用源代码安装软件的方式太难了，再想想看，当你卸载使用这种方式安装的软件将会更痛苦。 + +* 首先，你不能删除用于安装该软件的源代码。 +* 其次，你必须确保在安装的时候也有对应的方式来卸载它。一款设计上很糟糕的应用程序就不会提供卸载软件的方法，因此你不得不手动去删除那个软件包已安装的文件。 + +正常情况下，你应该到解压目录下，使用下面的命令来卸载那个应用程序： + +``` +sudo make uninstall +``` + +但是，这也不能保证你每次都会很顺利地卸载完成。 + +看到了吧，使用源代码方式来安装软件实在是太麻烦了。这就是为什么我不推荐大家在 Ubuntu 系统中使用源代码来安装软件的原因。 + +### 其它一些在 UBUNTU 系统中安装软件的方法 + +另外，还有一些在 Ubuntu 系统下并不常用的安装软件的方法。由于这篇文章已经写得够长了，我就不再深入探讨了。下面我将把它们列出来： +* Ubuntu 新推出的 [Snap packaging][9] 方式 +* 使用 [dpkg][10] 命令 +* [AppImage][11] 方式 +* [pip][12] : 用于安装基于 Python 语言的应用程序 + +### 你是如何在 UBUNTU 系统中安装软件的呢？ + +如果你一直都在使用 Ubuntu 系统，那么你在 Ubuntu Linux 系统下最喜欢使用什么方式来安装软件呢？你觉得这篇文章对你有用吗？请分享你的一些观点，建议和提出相关的问题。 + +-------------------- + +作者简介： +![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20749c268f5d3e4d2c785499eb6a17c0?s=70&d=mm&r=g) + +我叫 Abhishek Prakash ，F.O.S.S 的开发者。我的工作是一名专业的软件开发人员。我是一名狂热的 Linux 系统及开源软件爱好者。我使用 Ubuntu 系统，并且相信分享是一种美德。除了 Linux 系统之外，我喜欢经典的侦探神秘小说。我是 Agatha Christie 作品的真爱粉。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/ + +作者：[ABHISHEK PRAKASH][a] +译者：[rusking](https://github.com/rusking) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[1]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[2]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/#comments +[3]:http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fremove-install-software-ubuntu%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare +[4]:https://twitter.com/share?original_referer=/&text=How+To+Install+And+Remove+Software+In+Ubuntu+%5BComplete+Guide%5D&url=https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare&via=abhishek_pc +[5]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fremove-install-software-ubuntu%2F%3Futm_source%3DgooglePlus%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare +[6]:https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fremove-install-software-ubuntu%2F%3Futm_source%3DlinkedIn%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare +[7]:https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/&title=How+To+Install+And+Remove+Software+In+Ubuntu+%5BComplete+Guide%5D +[8]:https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-64-bit-ubuntu/ +[9]:https://itsfoss.com/use-snap-packages-ubuntu-16-04/ +[10]:https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/dpkg.html +[11]:http://appimage.org/ +[12]:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip +[13]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/managing-software-in-ubuntu-1/ +[14]:https://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/ +[15]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ubuntu-Software-Center.png +[16]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/install-software-ubuntu-linux-1/ +[17]:https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-16-04/ +[18]:https://itsfoss.com/install-skype-ubuntu-1404/ +[19]:https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-notify-updates-frequently/software_update_ubuntu/ +[20]:https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/enable_canonical_partner/ +[21]:https://itsfoss.com/essential-linux-applications/ +[22]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/uninstall-software-ubuntu/ +[23]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/install-software-deb-package/ +[24]:https://itsfoss.com/gdebi-default-ubuntu-software-center/ +[25]:http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/ +[26]:apt://synaptic +[27]:https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/uninstall-software-ubuntu-synaptic/ +[28]:https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/ +[29]:https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/ +[30]:https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA +[31]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_regression +[32]:https://itsfoss.com/install-numix-ubuntu/ +[33]:https://numixproject.org/ +[34]:https://itsfoss.com/easily-manage-ppas-ubuntu-1310-ppa-manager/ +[35]:https://itsfoss.com/how-to-remove-or-delete-ppas-quick-tip/ +[36]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code +[37]:http://www.howtogeek.com/105413/how-to-compile-and-install-from-source-on-ubuntu/ From bacd2768167766cb8af43c801213c8d5b0ed35d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mars Wong Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2017 15:01:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/43] OneNewLife translating --- ...about traditional JavaScript benchmarks.md | 66 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20161216 The truth about traditional JavaScript benchmarks.md b/sources/tech/20161216 The truth about traditional JavaScript benchmarks.md index 4d6925b2ac..afe1882c98 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20161216 The truth about traditional JavaScript benchmarks.md +++ b/sources/tech/20161216 The truth about traditional JavaScript benchmarks.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +OneNewLife translating + The truth about traditional JavaScript benchmarks ============================================================ @@ -9,7 +11,7 @@ That raises the question, why is JavaScript so popular/successful? There is no o Back in the days, these speed-ups were measured with what is now called _traditional JavaScript benchmarks_, starting with Apple’s [SunSpider benchmark][24], the mother of all JavaScript micro-benchmarks, followed by Mozilla’s [Kraken benchmark][25] and Google’s V8 benchmark. Later the V8 benchmark was superseded by the[Octane benchmark][26] and Apple released its new [JetStream benchmark][27]. These traditional JavaScript benchmarks drove amazing efforts to bring a level of performance to JavaScript that noone would have expected at the beginning of the century. Speed-ups up to a factor of 1000 were reported, and all of a sudden using `