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zhangboyue 翻译中
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45 Zypper Commands to Manage ‘Suse’ Linux Package Management
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================================================================================
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SUSE (Software and System Entwicklung (Germany) meaning Software and System Development, in English) Linux lies on top of Linux Kernel brought by Novell. SUSE comes in two pack. One of them is called OpenSUSE, which is freely available (free as in speech as well as free as in wine). It is a community driven project packed with latest application support, the latest stable release of OpenSUSE Linux is 13.2.
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45 个用于 ‘Suse‘ Linux 包管理的 Zypper 命令
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======================================================================
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SUSE（ Software and System Entwicklung，即软件和系统开发。其中‘entwicklung‘是德语，意为开发）Linux是 Novell 公司在 Linux 内核基础上发布的操作系统。SUSE Linux 有两个发行分支。其中之一名为 OpenSUSE，这是一款自由而且免费的操作系统。该系统由开源社区开发维护，支持一些最新版本的应用软件，其最新的稳定版本为 13.2。
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The other is SUSE Linux Enterprise which is a commercial Linux Distribution designed specially for enterprise and production. SUSE Linux Enterprise edition comes with a variety of Enterprise Applications and features suited for production environment, the latest stable release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition is 12.
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另外一个分支是SUSE Linux 企业版。该分支是一个为企业及商业化产品设计的 Linux 发行版，包含了大量的企业应用以及适用于商业产品生产环境的特性。其最新的稳定版本为 12。
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You may like to check the detailed installation instruction of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server at:
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以下的链接包含了安装企业版 SUSE Linux 服务器的详细信息。
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- [Installation of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12][1]
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- [如何安装企业版 SUSE Linux 12][1]
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Zypper and YaST are the Package Manager for SUSE Linux, which works on top of RPM.
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Zypper 和 Yast 是 SUSE Linux 平台上的软件包管理工具，他们的底层使用了 RPM（译者注：RPM 最初指 Redhat Pacakge Manager ，现普遍解释为递归短语 RPM Package Manager 的缩写）。
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YaST which stands for Yet another Setup Tool is a tool that works on OpenSUSE and SUSE Enterprise edition to administer, setup and configure SUSE Linux.
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Yast（Yet another Setup Tool ）是 OpenSUSE 以及企业版 SUSE 上用于系统管理、设置和配置的工具。
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Zypper is the command line interface of ZYpp package manager for installing, removing and updating SUSE. ZYpp is the package management engine that powers both Zypper and YaST.
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Zypper 是软件包管理器ZYpp的命令行接口，可用于安装、删除SUSE Linux上的软件以及进行系统更新。ZYpp为Zypper和Yast提供底层支持。
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Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, updating, removing and doing every other thing a package manager can do. Here we go…
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本文将介绍实际应用中常见的一些Zypper命令。这些命令用来进行安装、更新、删除等任何软件包管理器所能够胜任的工作。
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**Important** : Remember all these command are meant for system wide changes hence must be run as root, else the command will fail.
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**重要** : 切记所有的这些指令都将在系统全局范围内产生影响，所以必须以 root 身份执行，否则命令将失败。
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### Getting Basic Help with Zypper ###
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### 获取基本的 Zypper 帮助信息 ###
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1. Run zypper without any option, will give you a list of all global options and commands.
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# zypper
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1. 不带任何选项的执行 zypper, 将输出该命令的全局选项以及子命令列表（译者注：全局选项，global option，控制台命令的输入分为可选参数和位置参数两大类。按照习惯，一般可选参数称为选项'option'，而位置参数称为参数 'argument'）。
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<pre><code>%> zypper
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Usage:
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zypper [--global-options]
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zypper [--global-options]</code></pre>
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2. To get help on a specific command say ‘in’ (install), run the below commands.
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2. 获取一个具体的子命令的帮助信息，比如 'in' (install)，可以执行下面的命令
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# zypper help in
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OR
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# zypper help install
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install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
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<pre><code>%> zypper help in</code></pre>
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或者
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<pre><code>%> zypper help install
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install (in) [options] {capability | rpm_file_uri}
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Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
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location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
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@ -51,15 +48,15 @@ Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, upd
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downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
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--oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
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Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
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it will not enforce a reinstall.
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j it will not enforce a reinstall.
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--replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
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already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
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as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
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......
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...... </code></pre>
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3. Search for a package (say gnome-desktop) before installing.
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3. 安装之前搜索一个安转包（以 gnome-desktop 为例 ）
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# zypper se gnome-desktop
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<pre><code># zypper se gnome-desktop
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Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
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Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
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@ -91,15 +88,15 @@ Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, upd
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| libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package
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| libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package
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| gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package
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| libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package
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| libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | packag
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| gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package
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| libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
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| libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
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| gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
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| gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage</code></pre>
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4. Get information on a pattern package (say lamp_server) using following command.
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4. 获取一个模式包的信息（以 lamp_server 为例）。
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# zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
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<pre><code>%> zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
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Loading repository data...
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Reading installed packages...
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@ -135,30 +132,28 @@ Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, upd
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| php5-ctype | package |
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| apache2-doc | package |
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| yast2-http-server | package |
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| patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
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| patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |</code></pre>
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5. To open zypper shell session run the below command.
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5. 开启一个Zypper Shell 的会话。
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# zypper shell
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OR
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# zypper sh
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<pre><code> %>zypper shell </code></pre>
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或者
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<pre><code> %>zypper sh </code></pre>
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zypper> help
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<pre><code>zypper> help
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Usage:
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zypper [--global-options]
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zypper [--global-options]</code></pre>
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**Note**: On Zypper shell type ‘help‘ to get a list of global options and commands.
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**注意**:在 Zypper shell里面可以通过键入 ‘help‘ 获得全局选项以及子命令的列表。
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### Zypper 软件库管理 ###
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### Zypper Repository Management ###
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#### 列举已定义的软件库 ####
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#### Listing Defined Repositories ####
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6. Use zypper repos or zypper lr commands to list all the defined repositories.
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# zypper repos
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OR
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# zypper lr
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6. 使用 'zypper repos' 或者 'zypper lr' 来列举所有已定以的软件库。
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<pre><code>%> zypper repos</code></pre>
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或者
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<pre><code>%> zypper lr
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| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
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--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
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1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No
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@ -169,13 +164,12 @@ Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, upd
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6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes
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7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes
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8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes</code></pre>
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7. List zypper URI on the table.
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7. 在表格里面显示 zypper URI
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# zypper lr -u
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# | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI
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<pre><code># zypper lr -u
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| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI
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--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------
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1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376
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2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
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@ -185,13 +179,12 @@ Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, upd
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6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
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7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
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8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/</code></pre>
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8. List repository priority and list by priority.
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8. 根据优先级列举软件库。
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# zypper lr -P
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# | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority
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<pre><code>%> zypper lr -P
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| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority
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--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------
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1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99
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2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99
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@ -201,52 +194,46 @@ Here in this article we will see Zypper in action, which will be installing, upd
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6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
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7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99
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8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99</code></pre>
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#### Refreshing Repositories ####
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#### 刷新软件库 ####
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9. Use commands zypper refresh or zypper ref to refresh zypper repositories.
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# zypper refresh
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OR
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# zypper ref
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9. 使用 'zypper refresh' or 'zypper ref' 来刷新 zypper 软件库。
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<pre><code>%> zypper refresh </code></pre>
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或者
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<pre><code>%> zypper ref
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date.
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All repositories have been refreshed.
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All repositories have been refreshed. </code></pre>
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10. To refresh a specific repository say ‘repo-non-oss‘, type:
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# zypper refresh repo-non-oss
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10. 刷新一个指定的软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）。
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<pre><code>%> zypper refresh repo-non-oss
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
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Specified repositories have been refreshed.
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Specified repositories have been refreshed. </code></pre>
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11. To force update a repository say ‘repo-non-oss‘, type:
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# zypper ref -f repo-non-oss
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11. 强制更新一个软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）。
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<pre><code>%> zypper ref -f repo-non-oss
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Forcing raw metadata refresh
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Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done]
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Forcing building of repository cache
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Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done]
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Specified repositories have been refreshed.
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Specified repositories have been refreshed.</code></pre>
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#### Modifying Repositories ####
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#### 修改软件库 ####
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Here, we use ‘zypper modifyrepo‘ or ‘zypper mr‘ commands to disable, enable zypper repositories.
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本文中我们使用‘zypper modifyrepo‘ 或者 ‘zypper mr‘ 来关闭或者开启 zypper 软件库。
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12. Before disabling repository, you must know that in Zypper, every repository has its own unique number, that is used to disable or enable a repository.
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12. 在关闭一个软件库之前，我们需要知道在 zypper中，每一个软件库有一个唯一的标示数字与之关联，该数字用于打开或者关闭与之相联系的软件库。假设我们需要关闭 'repo-oss' 软件库，那么我们可以通过以下的法来获得该软件库的标志数字。
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Let’s say you want to disable repository ‘repo-oss‘, to disable first you need to its number by typing following command.
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# zypper lr
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# | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
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<pre><code>%> zypper lr
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| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
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--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
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1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No
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2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes
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@ -256,31 +243,26 @@ Let’s say you want to disable repository ‘repo-oss‘, to disable first you
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6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes
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7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes
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8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
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9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes</code></pre>
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从以上输出的列表中我们可以看到 'repo-oss' 库的标示数字是 6，因此通过以下的命令来关闭该库。
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Do you see in the above output, that the repository ‘repo-oss‘ having number 6, to disable this you need to specify number 6 along with following command.
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<pre><code>%> zypper mr -d 6
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Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.</code></pre>
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# zypper mr -d 6
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13. 如果需要再次开启软件库 ‘repo-oss‘, 接上例，与之相关联的标示数字为 6。
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Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
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<pre><code>%> zypper mr -e 6
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Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.</code></pre>
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13. To enable again same repository ‘repo-oss‘, which appears at number 6 (as shown in above example).
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# zypper mr -e 6
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Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
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14. Enable auto-refresh and rpm file ‘caching‘ for a repo say ‘repo-non-oss‘ and set its priority to say 85.
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# zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss
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14. 针对某一个软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）开启自动刷新( auto-refresh )和 rpm 缓存，并设置该软件库的优先级，比如85。
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<pre><code>%> zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss
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Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85)
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Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
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Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.</code></pre>
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15. Disable rpm file caching for all the repositories.
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||||
# zypper mr -Ka
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15. 对所有的软件库关闭 rpm 文件缓存。
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<pre><code>%> zypper mr -Ka
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
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@ -289,12 +271,10 @@ Do you see in the above output, that the repository ‘repo-oss‘ having number
|
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
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||||
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16. Enable rpm file caching for all the repositories.
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# zypper mr -ka
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RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.</pre></code>
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16. 对所有的软件库开启 rpm 文件缓存。
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<pre><code> zypper mr -ka
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||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
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||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
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||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
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@ -303,12 +283,10 @@ Do you see in the above output, that the repository ‘repo-oss‘ having number
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
|
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RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
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RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
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||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
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17. Disable rpm file caching for remote repositories.
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# zypper mr -Kt
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||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.</code></pre>
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17. 关闭远程库的rpm 文件缓存
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||||
<pre><code>%> zypper mr -Kt
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||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
|
||||
@ -316,12 +294,10 @@ Do you see in the above output, that the repository ‘repo-oss‘ having number
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
|
||||
|
||||
18. Enable rpm file caching for remote repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper mr -kt
|
||||
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
18. 开启远程软件库的 rpm 文件缓存。
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper mr -kt
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
|
||||
@ -329,46 +305,41 @@ Do you see in the above output, that the repository ‘repo-oss‘ having number
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
|
||||
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.</pre></code>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Adding Repositories ####
|
||||
#### 增加新的软件库 ####
|
||||
|
||||
You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zypper ar‘. You may use repo url or alias to add Repository.
|
||||
可以通过这两个 zypper 指令 – 'zypper addrepo' 和 'zypper ar' 来增加新的软件库。在此过程中可以使用 URL 或者软件库的别名。
|
||||
|
||||
19. Add a repository say “http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/”.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update
|
||||
19. 增加一个新的软件库（ 以 “http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/” 为例 ）。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update
|
||||
Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done]
|
||||
Repository 'update' successfully added
|
||||
Enabled : Yes
|
||||
Autorefresh : No
|
||||
GPG check : Yes
|
||||
URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
|
||||
URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
20. Rename a repository. It will change the alias only. You may use command ‘zypper namerepo‘ or ‘zypper nr‘. To rename aka change alias of a repo that appears at number 10 (zypper lr) to upd8, run the below command.
|
||||
20. 更改一个软件库的名字，这将仅仅改变软件库的别名。 命令 'zypper namerepo' 或者 'zypperr nr' 可以胜任此工作。例如更改标示数字为10的软件库的名字为 'upd8'，或者说将标示数字为10的软件库的别名改为 'upd8'，可以使用下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper nr 10 upd8
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper nr 10 upd8
|
||||
Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
|
||||
#### 删除软件库 ####
|
||||
|
||||
#### Removing Repositories ####
|
||||
|
||||
21. Remove a repository. It will remove the repository from the system. You may use the command ‘zypper removerepo‘ or ‘zypper rr‘. To remove a repo say ‘upd8‘, run the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper rr upd8
|
||||
21. 删除一个软件库。要从系统删除一个软件库可以使 'zypper removerepo' 或者 'zypper rr'。例如以下的命令可以删除软件库 'upd8'
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper rr upd8
|
||||
# Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done]
|
||||
Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
|
||||
Repository 'upd8' has been removed.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
### Package Management using Zypper ###
|
||||
### 使用 zypper 进行软件包管理 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install a Package with Zypper ####
|
||||
|
||||
22. With Zypper, we can install packages based upon capability name. For example, to install a package (say Mozilla Firefox) using capability name.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in MozillaFirefox
|
||||
#### 用 zypper 安装一个软件包 ####
|
||||
|
||||
22. 在 zypper 中，我们可以通过软件包的功能名称来安装一个软件包。以 Firefox 为例，以下的命令可以用来安装该软件包。
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in MozillaFirefox
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -397,12 +368,10 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)]
|
||||
Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done]
|
||||
Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
|
||||
23. Install a package (say gcc) using version.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in 'gcc<5.1'
|
||||
Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked) </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
23. 安装指定版本号的软件包，(以 gcc 5.1 为例)。
|
||||
<pre><code> %>zypper in 'gcc<5.1'
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -412,12 +381,11 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
|
||||
13 new packages to install.
|
||||
Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
24. Install a package (say gcc) for architecture (say i586).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in gcc.i586
|
||||
24. 为特定的CPU架构安装软件包（以兼容 i586 的 gcc 为例）。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in gcc.i586
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -431,12 +399,11 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)]
|
||||
Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
|
||||
Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)] </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
25. Install a package (say gcc) for specific architecture (say i586) and specific version (say <5.1),
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1'
|
||||
25. 为特定的CPU架构安装指定版本号的软件包（以兼容 i586 且版本低于5.1的 gcc 为例）
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1'
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -449,12 +416,10 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
|
||||
|
||||
26. Install a Package (say libxine) from repository (amarok).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in amarok upd:libxine1
|
||||
In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked) </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
26. 从指定的软件库里面安装一个软件包，例如从 amarok 中安装 libxine。
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in amarok upd:libxine1
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -462,12 +427,11 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme
|
||||
hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4
|
||||
kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l
|
||||
.....
|
||||
.....</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
27. Install a Package (say git) using name (-n).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in -n git
|
||||
27. 通过指定软件包的名字安装软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in -n git
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -485,12 +449,10 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
|
||||
35 new packages to install.
|
||||
Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
|
||||
28. Install a package using wildcards. For example, install all php5 packages.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in php5*
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
28. 通过通配符来安装软件包，例如，安装所有 php5 的软件包。
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in php5*
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -520,12 +482,11 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
|
||||
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
|
||||
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
|
||||
....
|
||||
....</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
29. Install a Package (say lamp_server) using pattern (group of packages).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in -t pattern lamp_server
|
||||
29. 使用模式名称（模式名称是一类软件包的名字）来批量安装软件包
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in -t pattern lamp_server
|
||||
ading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -543,12 +504,11 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
|
||||
29 new packages to install.
|
||||
Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
30. Install a Package (say nano) and remove a package (say vi) in one go.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in nano -vi
|
||||
30. 使用一行命令安转一个软件包同时卸载另一个软件包，例如在安装 nano 的同时卸载 vi
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code># zypper in nano -vi
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
'-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities.
|
||||
@ -566,12 +526,11 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
2 new packages to install, 1 to remove.
|
||||
Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
|
||||
...
|
||||
...</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
31. Install a rpm package (say teamviewer).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in teamviewer*.rpm
|
||||
31. 使用 zypper 安装 rpm 软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in teamviewer*.rpm
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -587,16 +546,15 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
24 new packages to install.
|
||||
Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
|
||||
..
|
||||
..</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Remove a Package with Zypper ####
|
||||
#### 使用 zypper 卸载软件包 ####
|
||||
|
||||
32. To remove any package, you can use ‘zypper remove‘ or ‘zypper rm‘ commands. For example, to remove a package (say apache2), run:
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper remove apache2
|
||||
Or
|
||||
# zypper rm apache2
|
||||
32. 命令 ‘zypper remove‘ 和 ‘zypper rm‘ 用于卸载软件包。例如卸载 apache2:
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper remove apache2 </code></pre>
|
||||
或者
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper rm apache2
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -608,52 +566,49 @@ You may make use of any of the two commands – ‘zypper addrepo‘ or ‘zyppe
|
||||
After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
(1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done]
|
||||
(2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
|
||||
(2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done] </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Updating Packages using Zypper ####
|
||||
#### 使用Zypper 进行软件包更新 ####
|
||||
|
||||
33. Update all packages. You may use commands ‘zypper update‘ or ‘zypper up‘.
|
||||
33. 更新所有的软件包，可以使用 ‘zypper update‘ 或者 ‘zypper up‘。
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper up
|
||||
OR
|
||||
# zypper update
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper up </code></pre>
|
||||
或者
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper update
|
||||
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Nothing to do.
|
||||
Nothing to do. </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
34. Update specific packages (say apache2 and openssh).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper up apache2 openssh
|
||||
34. 更新指定的软件包，例如更新 apache2 以及 openssh。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code> zypper up apache2 openssh
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
|
||||
No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing to do.
|
||||
Nothing to do.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
35. Install a package say (mariadb) if not installed, if installed update it.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in mariadb
|
||||
35. 安装一个软件库，例如 ariadb，如果该库存在则更新之。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in mariadb
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
'mariadb' is already installed.
|
||||
No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing to do.
|
||||
Nothing to do.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install Source and Build Dependencies ####
|
||||
#### 安装源文件并且构建依赖关系 ####
|
||||
|
||||
You may use ‘zypper source-install‘ or ‘zypper si‘ commands to build packages from source.
|
||||
命令 ‘zypper source-install‘ 或者 ‘zypper si‘ 可以用于从源文件编译软件包
|
||||
|
||||
36. Install source packages and build their dependencies for a package (say mariadb).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper si mariadb
|
||||
36. 安装某一个软件包的源文件及其依赖关系，例如 mariadb。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper si mariadb
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -667,24 +622,22 @@ You may use ‘zypper source-install‘ or ‘zypper si‘ commands to build pac
|
||||
|
||||
36 new packages to install, 1 source package.
|
||||
Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
37. Install only the source for a package (say mariadb).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper in -D mariadb
|
||||
37. 仅为某一个软件包安装源文件，例如 mariadb
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper in -D mariadb
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
'mariadb' is already installed.
|
||||
No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing to do.
|
||||
Nothing to do. </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
38. Install only the build dependencies for a packages (say mariadb).
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper si -d mariadb
|
||||
38. 仅为某一个软件包安装依赖关系，例如 mariadb
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper si -d mariadb
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -698,26 +651,24 @@ You may use ‘zypper source-install‘ or ‘zypper si‘ commands to build pac
|
||||
|
||||
36 new packages to install.
|
||||
Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Zypper in Scripts and Applications ####
|
||||
|
||||
39. Install a Package (say mariadb) without interaction of user.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper --non-interactive in mariadb
|
||||
39. 安装一个软件包，并且在安装过程中跳过与用户的交互, 例如 mariadb。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper --non-interactive in mariadb
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
'mariadb' is already installed.
|
||||
No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing to do.
|
||||
Nothing to do.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
40. Remove a Package (say mariadb) without interaction of user.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb
|
||||
40. 卸载一个软件包，并且在卸载过程中跳过与用户的交互，例如 mariadb
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
@ -728,64 +679,55 @@ You may use ‘zypper source-install‘ or ‘zypper si‘ commands to build pac
|
||||
1 package to remove.
|
||||
After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
|
||||
(1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
|
||||
|
||||
41. Output zypper in xml.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper --xmlout
|
||||
|
||||
(1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done] </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
41. 将 zypper 输出用 XML 格式打印。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper --xmlout
|
||||
Usage:
|
||||
zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments]
|
||||
|
||||
Global Options
|
||||
....
|
||||
....</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
42. Generate quiet output at installation.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper --quiet in mariadb
|
||||
42. 禁止详细信息输出到屏幕。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper --quiet in mariadb
|
||||
The following NEW package is going to be installed:
|
||||
mariadb
|
||||
|
||||
1 new package to install.
|
||||
Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used.
|
||||
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
|
||||
...
|
||||
...</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
43. Generate quiet output at UN-installation.
|
||||
43. 在卸载过程中禁止详细信息输出到屏幕
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper --quiet rm mariadb
|
||||
|
||||
44. Auto agree to Licenses/Agreements.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper --quiet rm mariadb </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
44. 自动地同意版权或者协议。
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
|
||||
Loading repository data...
|
||||
Reading installed packages...
|
||||
Resolving package dependencies...
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing to do.
|
||||
Nothing to do.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Clean Zypper Cache and View History ####
|
||||
#### 清除 Zypper 缓存以及查看历史信息 ####
|
||||
|
||||
45. If you want to clean zypper cache only, you can use following command.
|
||||
45. 以下指令可以用来清理Zypper缓存。
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper clean
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper clean
|
||||
All repositories have been cleaned up.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
All repositories have been cleaned up.
|
||||
如果需要一次性地清理元数据以及软件包缓存，可以通过 -all/-a 选项来达到目的
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to clean metadata and package cache at once you may like to pass –all/-a with zypper as.
|
||||
<pre><code>%> zypper clean -a
|
||||
All repositories have been cleaned up.</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper clean -a
|
||||
|
||||
All repositories have been cleaned up.
|
||||
|
||||
46. To view logs of any installed, updated or removed packages through zypper, are logged in /var/log/zypp/history. You may cat it to view or may use filter to get a custom output.
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /var/log/zypp/history
|
||||
46. 查看 Zypper 的历史信息。籍由 Zypper 所有的软件包管理动作，包括安装、更新以及卸载都会在 /var/log/zypp/history中保留历史信息。可以通过 cat 来查看此文件，或者通过过滤器来筛选希望看到的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code> cat /var/log/zypp/history
|
||||
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096|
|
||||
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c|
|
||||
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342|
|
||||
@ -796,29 +738,27 @@ If you want to clean metadata and package cache at once you may like to pass –
|
||||
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d|
|
||||
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a|
|
||||
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa|
|
||||
......
|
||||
......</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Upgrade Suse Using Zypper ####
|
||||
|
||||
47. You can use ‘dist-upgrade‘ option with zypper command to upgrade your current Suse Linux to most recent version.
|
||||
|
||||
# zypper dist-upgrade
|
||||
#### 使用 Zypper 进行SUSE系统升级 ####
|
||||
|
||||
47. 可以使用 Zypper 命令的 'dist-upgrade' 选项来将当前的SUSE Linux升级至最新版本。
|
||||
<pre><code># zypper dist-upgrade
|
||||
You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command.
|
||||
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done]
|
||||
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
|
||||
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
|
||||
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done]
|
||||
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
|
||||
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. Hope this article would help you in managing you SUSE System and Server specially for newbies. If you feel that I left certain commands (Human are erroneous) you may provide us with the feedback in the comments so that we can update the article. Keep Connected, Keep Commenting, Stay tuned. Kudos!
|
||||
正文至此结束。希望本文可以帮助读者尤其是新手们管理SUSE Linux系统和服务器。如果您觉得某些比较重要的命令被作者漏掉了，请在评论部分写下您的返回，作者将根据评论对文章进行更新。保持联络，保持评论，多谢支持。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/zypper-commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/
|
||||
原文地址: http://www.tecmint.com/zypper-commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[张博约](https://github.com/zhangboyue)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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||||
|
||||
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Block a user