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[小冰在此]
Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying—Thankfully
================================================================================
Roy Rubin, co-founder of the popular [Magento][1] open-source project, [announced this week][2] he is bowing out of the project he helped launch back in 2008.
![](url("http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/richardstallman_0.jpg"))
It's not the first time the leader of an open-source project has stepped away from her project, but it's remarkable by its response: Relative silence.
It's not because Rubin wasn't critical to Magento. He was. For six years, Rubin was the soul of Magento. But open source has grown up, and it's increasingly shedding its cult of personality. While no one wishes Linux founder Linus Torvalds gets hit by a bus, we're to the point that we, [like Linus][3], "won't care."
But it wasn't always this way.
### Worshipping The Benevolent Dictator ###
Successful open-source projects have long been associated with strong leaders, and for good reason. Influencing a vibrant community of individually-minded developers can be the equivalent of herding cats. While differences of opinion on the direction a particular open-source project can turn into a parting of ways (and code, called a "fork"), more often than not a "benevolent dictator for life," or project leader, will step in, exert leadership and keep the community together.
The term "benevolent dictator for life" (BDFL) [may have started with Guido von Rossum][4], the former Python development lead. It has since been applied to Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, as well as Mark Shuttleworth, Ubuntu's lead, among others. Sometimes two leaders on a project share the title, as did Adrian Holovaty and Jacob Kaplan-Moss for [Django][5].
At their peak, the departure of any one of these leads would have wreaked havoc on the fortunes of the project, given how closely identified the projects were with these strong leaders. Over time, however, this has changed. The Django BDFLs [moved on to other projects][6], and Django kept chugging along. Ditto Python, Lucene (Doug Cutting), JBoss (Marc Fleury) and many other projects.
While open source communities still rally around strong leaders, we don't seem to be as dependent on them as we once were. Open source's "cult of personality" faded, and perhaps has died altogether. But what happened?
### Apache And The Rise Of Community ###
Well, community did, for starters. I realize I'm making a somewhat subjective assertion here, but over the roughly 15 years I've been involved in open source, I've seen a gradual shift away from tightly-controlled free software projects to more loosely joined open-source communities, often with significant corporate interest.
While it's not clear whether the open, BSD/Apache-style licensing "chicken" came before the corporate open source interest "egg," the two together have definitely changed how open source operates.
This includes the need for a BDFL. For example, and while it's not a project, it's hard to imagine Free GNU without Richard Stallman. By contrast, it's pretty easy to imagine Apache Hadoop without... wait, who is in charge of Hadoop, anyway?
The answer? Everyone. Or [many][7], rather. It started with Doug Cutting, but it has since grown to become a community of companies and individuals (but mostly companies that employ those individuals) working together.
The same is true of OpenStack, which has a [host of companies involved][8]. If any particular OpenStack developer were to leave, the OpenStack show would go on. And it has thus far. The same is true of an increasing number of open-source projects.
### A BDFL-Free Future? ###
This isn't to suggest that leaders aren't needed in open source. They are. But as more open-source projects become communities of corporations, the risk of a BDFL leaving diminishes. Frankly, even if companies aren't heavily involved, projects with an Apache license may not be as dependent on a BDFL, anyway.
Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://magento.com/
[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii
[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html
[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725
[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/
[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/
[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html
[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/
[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/

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谢天谢地，开源软件中的个人崇拜正在消亡！
================================================================================
Roy Rubin这位流行的电子商务开源项目[Magento][1]的联合创始人，从这一2008年启动的项目中功成身退后在[这周说出了][2]上面这样的话语。
![](url("http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/richardstallman_0.jpg"))
这已经不是第一次一个开源项目的领导者出走项目了，但值得注意的是对于它的回应是：相对的沉默。
但是开源软件一直在成长，它一直在削弱个人对其的影响。当然没人希望linux的创始人Linus Torvalds不小心被车撞了，在这点上我们是[爱他][3]的，但是另外一方面其实我们并不太在意。
But it wasn't always this way.
### 崇拜仁慈的独裁者！ ###
在好的一面，成功的开源项目一直以来都和伟大的领导者密不可分。对一个充满活力又有独立思想的一个开发团体施加影响，必定是众口难调的事情。在一个专门的开源项目当中不同的观点会产生各种不同的方法途径（在代码层上，管它叫做“分支“），通常这时候项目的领导者，一个“生活中并不仁慈的独裁者”，将会介入，施展自己的领导才能让开发人员团结在一起。
“生活中仁慈的独裁者BDFL”这个词[可能第一个开始于Python项目的领导者Guido von Rossum][4]。它现在也被用到了linux的发明人Linus Torvalds身上，当然Ubuntu的领导者还有其他的人也被用到这个词上。有时候会是两个人，比如[Django][5]项目的Adrian Holovaty和Kaplan-Moss。
在他们这点上，他们之间的分歧会对未来的项目产生灾难性的影响，展现出这些伟大领导者与项目之间紧密的关联。但是，有时候，它会发生变化。Django的领导者[去了其他的项目][6]，但是Django依然不断前行着，Ditto Python，Lucene（领导者Doug Cutting），Jboss（领导者Marc Fleury）和其他很多的项目也是。
现在开源软件研发的团体依然围绕着伟大的领导者，我们看起来并不是独立的，但是我们的确是。开源软件的“个人崇拜”正在褪色，也有可能已经消亡了，但是接下来怎么办呢？
### Apache和开源社区的兴起 ###
社区对于初学者来说，我意识到我在做出一些自以为是的论调，但是根据我在开源项目15年的经验来说，我观察到开源软件项目从非常严格的控制阶段缓慢的转向了松散的开源团体，他们经常是因为兴趣才互相合作的。
当然并不清楚是先有open BSD/Apache风格的“鸡”还是后有开源软件相互合作的“蛋”，两者之间很明显的改变了开源软件的运作模式。
当然还是需要“生活中仁慈的独裁者”，只是它不是一个项目比如GNU如果没有了Richard Stallman真的难以想象。相反的，很容易想象Apache Hadoop这样如果没有谁的领导，但是好像Hadoop真的没有人领导…
如果真的要说答案的话，那就是这里每个人或者[许多人][7]。当然它由Doug Cutting启动，但是它已经发展成了一个独立并合作的团体（大多数成员在独立的公司工作）在一起工作。
OpenStack与之类似，[有很多的成员][8]，如果某一个Openstack的开发者离开了，Openstack依然能够继续。因此，对于一个成员正在增加的开源项目来说，这种类似是确信无疑的。
### 一个“仁慈独裁者”并不存在的未来吗？ ###
并不是说在以后的开源项目中不需要领导者。需要，但是越来越多的开源项目转为团体之间的合作，失去他们的风险消失了。坦白的说，即使那么多人没有深入的参入进来，如果没有Apache的授权很多项目没有了“生活中的独裁者”是根本不可能独立起来的。
Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://magento.com/
[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii
[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html
[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725
[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/
[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/
[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html
[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/
[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/