mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
Merge pull request #17239 from wxy/20200109-My-favorite-Bash-hacks
TSL:20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu.Wang
GitHub
commit
027dbb041b
@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt)
|
||||
|
||||
My favorite Bash hacks
|
||||
======
|
||||
Improve your productivity with aliases and other shortcuts for the
|
||||
things you forget too often.
|
||||
![bash logo on green background][1]
|
||||
|
||||
When you work with computers all day, it's fantastic to find repeatable commands and tag them for easy use later on. They all sit there, tucked away in **~/.bashrc** (or ~/.zshrc for [Zsh users][2]), waiting to help improve your day!
|
||||
|
||||
In this article, I share some of my favorite of these helper commands for things I forget a lot, in hopes that they will save you, too, some heartache over time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Say when it's over
|
||||
|
||||
When I'm using longer-running commands, I often multitask and then have to go back and check if the action has completed. But not anymore, with this helpful invocation of **say** (this is on MacOS; change for your local equivalent):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
function looooooooong {
|
||||
START=$(date +%s.%N)
|
||||
$*
|
||||
EXIT_CODE=$?
|
||||
END=$(date +%s.%N)
|
||||
DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
|
||||
RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)")
|
||||
result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE."
|
||||
echo -e "\n⏰ $result"
|
||||
( say -r 250 $result 2>&1 > /dev/null & )
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This command marks the start and end time of a command, calculates the minutes it takes, and speaks the command invoked, the time taken, and the exit code. I find this super helpful when a simple console bell just won't do.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install helpers
|
||||
|
||||
I started using Ubuntu back in the Lucid days, and one of the first things I needed to learn was how to install packages. And one of the first aliases I ever added was a helper for this (named based on the memes of the day):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y"`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) signing
|
||||
|
||||
On the off chance I have to sign a [GPG][3] email without having an extension or application to do it for me, I drop down into the command line and use these terribly dorky aliases:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor"
|
||||
alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker
|
||||
|
||||
There are many Docker commands, but there are even more **docker compose** commands. I used to forget the **\--rm** flags, but not anymore with these useful aliases:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias dc="docker-compose"
|
||||
alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm"
|
||||
alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### gcurl helper for Google Cloud
|
||||
|
||||
This one is relatively new to me, but it's [heavily documented][4]. gcurl is an alias to ensure you get all the correct flags when using local curl commands with authentication headers when working with Google Cloud APIs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Git and ~/.gitignore
|
||||
|
||||
I work a lot in Git, so I have a special section dedicated to Git helpers.
|
||||
|
||||
One of my most useful helpers is one I use to clone GitHub repos. Instead of having to run:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I set up a clone function:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
clone(){
|
||||
echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1
|
||||
cd ~/git
|
||||
git clone [git@github.com][5]:$1 $1
|
||||
cd $1
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Even though I always forget and giggle any time I'm diving into my **~/.bashrc** file, I also have my "refresh upstream" command:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master"`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Another helper for Git-ville is a global ignore file. In your **git config --global --list** you should see a **core.excludesfile**. If not, [create one][6], and fill it full of things that you always put into your individual **.gitignore** files. As a Python developer on MacOS, for me this is:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
.DS_Store # macOS clutter
|
||||
venv/ # I never want to commit my virtualenv
|
||||
*.egg-info/* # ... nor any locally compiled packages
|
||||
__pycache__ # ... or source
|
||||
*.swp # ... nor any files open in vim
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can find other suggestions over on [Gitignore.io][7] or on the [Gitignore repo][8] on GitHub.
|
||||
|
||||
### Your turn
|
||||
|
||||
What are your favorite helper commands? Please share them in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh
|
||||
[3]: https://gnupg.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started
|
||||
[5]: mailto:git@github.com
|
||||
[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore
|
||||
[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore
|
||||
136
translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
Normal file
136
translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt)
|
||||
|
||||
我珍藏的 Bash 秘籍
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 通过别名和其他捷径来提高你经常忘记的那些事情的效率。
|
||||
|
||||
![bash logo on green background][1]
|
||||
|
||||
要是你整天使用计算机，如果能找到可重复的命令并标记它们，以便以后轻松使用那就太棒了。它们全都在那里，藏在 `~/.bashrc` 中（或 [zsh 用户][2]的 `~/.zshrc` 中），等待着改善你的生活！
|
||||
|
||||
在本文中，我分享了我最喜欢的这些辅助命令，它们可以帮助我避免一些遗忘的事情，也希望可以帮助到你，以及为你解决一些越来越头疼的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
### 完事说一声
|
||||
|
||||
当我执行一个需要长时间运行的命令时，我经常采用多任务的方式，然后必须回过去检查该操作是否已完成。 然而通过有用的 `say`，现在就不用再这样了（这是在 MacOS 上；更改为本地环境等效的方式）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
function looooooooong {
|
||||
START=$(date +%s.%N)
|
||||
$*
|
||||
EXIT_CODE=$?
|
||||
END=$(date +%s.%N)
|
||||
DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
|
||||
RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)")
|
||||
result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE."
|
||||
echo -e "\n⏰ $result"
|
||||
( say -r 250 $result 2>&1 > /dev/null & )
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令会标记命令的开始和结束时间，计算所需的分钟数，并说出调用的命令、花费的时间和退出码。当简单的控制台铃声无法使用时，我发现这个超级有用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装小助手
|
||||
|
||||
我在小的时候就开始使用 Ubuntu，而我需要学习的第一件事是如何安装软件包。我曾经添加的第一个别名之一是它的助手（根据当天的流行梗命名的）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### GPG 签名
|
||||
|
||||
有时候，我必须在没有扩展程序或应用程序的情况下给电子邮件签署 [GPG][3] 签名，我会跳到命令行并使用以下令人讨厌的别名：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor"
|
||||
alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 命令很多，但是 Docker compose 命令更多。我曾经使用这些别名来忘记 `--rm` 标志，但是现在不再使用这些有用的别名了：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias dc="docker-compose"
|
||||
alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm"
|
||||
alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Cloud 的 gcurl 辅助程序
|
||||
|
||||
对于我来说，Google Cloud 是一个相对较新的东西，而它有[极多的文档][4]。gcurl 是一个别名，可确保在用带有身份验证标头的本地 curl 命令连接 Google Cloud API 时，可以获得所有正确的标头。
|
||||
|
||||
### Git 和 ~/.gitignore
|
||||
|
||||
我工作中用 Git 很多，因此我有一个专门的部分来介绍 Git 的辅助程序。
|
||||
|
||||
我最有用的辅助程序之一是我用来克隆 GitHub 存储库的助手。你不必运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我设置了一个克隆函数：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
clone(){
|
||||
echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1
|
||||
cd ~/git
|
||||
git clone git@github.com:$1 $1
|
||||
cd $1
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
即使每次进入 `~/.bashrc` 文件时，我总是会忘记和傻笑，我也有一个“刷新上游”命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
给 Git 人的另一个辅助程序是全局忽略文件。在你的 `git config --global --list` 中，你应该看到一个 `core.excludesfile`。如果没有，请[创建一个][6]，然后将你总是放到各个 `.gitignore` 文件中的内容填满它。作为 MacOS 上的 Python 开发人员，对我来说，这写内容是：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
.DS_Store # macOS clutter
|
||||
venv/ # I never want to commit my virtualenv
|
||||
*.egg-info/* # ... nor any locally compiled packages
|
||||
__pycache__ # ... or source
|
||||
*.swp # ... nor any files open in vim
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在 [Gitignore.io][7] 或 GitHub 上的 [Gitignore 存储库][8]上找到其他建议。
|
||||
|
||||
### 轮到你了
|
||||
|
||||
你最喜欢的辅助程序命令是什么？请在评论中分享。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh
|
||||
[3]: https://gnupg.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started
|
||||
[5]: mailto:git@github.com
|
||||
[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore
|
||||
[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user