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Merge pull request #17239 from wxy/20200109-My-favorite-Bash-hacks
TSL:20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases)
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[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt)
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My favorite Bash hacks
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======
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Improve your productivity with aliases and other shortcuts for the
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things you forget too often.
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![bash logo on green background][1]
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When you work with computers all day, it's fantastic to find repeatable commands and tag them for easy use later on. They all sit there, tucked away in **~/.bashrc** (or ~/.zshrc for [Zsh users][2]), waiting to help improve your day!
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In this article, I share some of my favorite of these helper commands for things I forget a lot, in hopes that they will save you, too, some heartache over time.
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### Say when it's over
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When I'm using longer-running commands, I often multitask and then have to go back and check if the action has completed. But not anymore, with this helpful invocation of **say** (this is on MacOS; change for your local equivalent):
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```
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function looooooooong {
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START=$(date +%s.%N)
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$*
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EXIT_CODE=$?
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END=$(date +%s.%N)
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DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
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RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)")
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result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE."
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echo -e "\n⏰ $result"
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( say -r 250 $result 2>&1 > /dev/null & )
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}
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```
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This command marks the start and end time of a command, calculates the minutes it takes, and speaks the command invoked, the time taken, and the exit code. I find this super helpful when a simple console bell just won't do.
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### Install helpers
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I started using Ubuntu back in the Lucid days, and one of the first things I needed to learn was how to install packages. And one of the first aliases I ever added was a helper for this (named based on the memes of the day):
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```
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`alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y"`
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```
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### GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) signing
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On the off chance I have to sign a [GPG][3] email without having an extension or application to do it for me, I drop down into the command line and use these terribly dorky aliases:
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```
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alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor"
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alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt"
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```
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### Docker
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There are many Docker commands, but there are even more **docker compose** commands. I used to forget the **\--rm** flags, but not anymore with these useful aliases:
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```
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alias dc="docker-compose"
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alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm"
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alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build"
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```
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### gcurl helper for Google Cloud
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This one is relatively new to me, but it's [heavily documented][4]. gcurl is an alias to ensure you get all the correct flags when using local curl commands with authentication headers when working with Google Cloud APIs.
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### Git and ~/.gitignore
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I work a lot in Git, so I have a special section dedicated to Git helpers.
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One of my most useful helpers is one I use to clone GitHub repos. Instead of having to run:
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```
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`git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo`
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```
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I set up a clone function:
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```
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clone(){
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echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1
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cd ~/git
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git clone [git@github.com][5]:$1 $1
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cd $1
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}
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```
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Even though I always forget and giggle any time I'm diving into my **~/.bashrc** file, I also have my "refresh upstream" command:
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```
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`alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master"`
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```
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Another helper for Git-ville is a global ignore file. In your **git config --global --list** you should see a **core.excludesfile**. If not, [create one][6], and fill it full of things that you always put into your individual **.gitignore** files. As a Python developer on MacOS, for me this is:
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```
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.DS_Store # macOS clutter
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venv/ # I never want to commit my virtualenv
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*.egg-info/* # ... nor any locally compiled packages
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__pycache__ # ... or source
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*.swp # ... nor any files open in vim
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```
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You can find other suggestions over on [Gitignore.io][7] or on the [Gitignore repo][8] on GitHub.
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### Your turn
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What are your favorite helper commands? Please share them in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases
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作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh
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[3]: https://gnupg.org/
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[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started
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[5]: mailto:git@github.com
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[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore
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[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/
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[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore
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136
translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
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136
translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases)
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[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt)
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我珍藏的 Bash 秘籍
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======
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> 通过别名和其他捷径来提高你经常忘记的那些事情的效率。
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![bash logo on green background][1]
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要是你整天使用计算机，如果能找到可重复的命令并标记它们，以便以后轻松使用那就太棒了。它们全都在那里，藏在 `~/.bashrc` 中（或 [zsh 用户][2]的 `~/.zshrc` 中），等待着改善你的生活！
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在本文中，我分享了我最喜欢的这些辅助命令，它们可以帮助我避免一些遗忘的事情，也希望可以帮助到你，以及为你解决一些越来越头疼的问题。
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### 完事说一声
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当我执行一个需要长时间运行的命令时，我经常采用多任务的方式，然后必须回过去检查该操作是否已完成。 然而通过有用的 `say`，现在就不用再这样了（这是在 MacOS 上；更改为本地环境等效的方式）：
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```
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function looooooooong {
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START=$(date +%s.%N)
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$*
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EXIT_CODE=$?
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END=$(date +%s.%N)
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DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
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RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)")
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result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE."
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echo -e "\n⏰ $result"
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( say -r 250 $result 2>&1 > /dev/null & )
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}
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```
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这个命令会标记命令的开始和结束时间，计算所需的分钟数，并说出调用的命令、花费的时间和退出码。当简单的控制台铃声无法使用时，我发现这个超级有用。
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### 安装小助手
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我在小的时候就开始使用 Ubuntu，而我需要学习的第一件事是如何安装软件包。我曾经添加的第一个别名之一是它的助手（根据当天的流行梗命名的）：
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```
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alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y"
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```
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### GPG 签名
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有时候，我必须在没有扩展程序或应用程序的情况下给电子邮件签署 [GPG][3] 签名，我会跳到命令行并使用以下令人讨厌的别名：
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```
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alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor"
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alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt"
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```
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### Docker
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Docker 命令很多，但是 Docker compose 命令更多。我曾经使用这些别名来忘记 `--rm` 标志，但是现在不再使用这些有用的别名了：
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```
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alias dc="docker-compose"
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alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm"
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alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build"
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```
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### Google Cloud 的 gcurl 辅助程序
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对于我来说，Google Cloud 是一个相对较新的东西，而它有[极多的文档][4]。gcurl 是一个别名，可确保在用带有身份验证标头的本地 curl 命令连接 Google Cloud API 时，可以获得所有正确的标头。
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### Git 和 ~/.gitignore
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我工作中用 Git 很多，因此我有一个专门的部分来介绍 Git 的辅助程序。
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我最有用的辅助程序之一是我用来克隆 GitHub 存储库的助手。你不必运行：
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```
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git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo
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```
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我设置了一个克隆函数：
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```
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clone(){
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echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1
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cd ~/git
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git clone git@github.com:$1 $1
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cd $1
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}
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```
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即使每次进入 `~/.bashrc` 文件时，我总是会忘记和傻笑，我也有一个“刷新上游”命令：
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```
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alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master"
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```
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给 Git 人的另一个辅助程序是全局忽略文件。在你的 `git config --global --list` 中，你应该看到一个 `core.excludesfile`。如果没有，请[创建一个][6]，然后将你总是放到各个 `.gitignore` 文件中的内容填满它。作为 MacOS 上的 Python 开发人员，对我来说，这写内容是：
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```
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.DS_Store # macOS clutter
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venv/ # I never want to commit my virtualenv
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*.egg-info/* # ... nor any locally compiled packages
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__pycache__ # ... or source
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*.swp # ... nor any files open in vim
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```
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你可以在 [Gitignore.io][7] 或 GitHub 上的 [Gitignore 存储库][8]上找到其他建议。
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### 轮到你了
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你最喜欢的辅助程序命令是什么？请在评论中分享。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases
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作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh
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[3]: https://gnupg.org/
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[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started
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[5]: mailto:git@github.com
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[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore
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[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/
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[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore
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