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[bazz2 hehehehehehe]
Usability and Open Source
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The Linux Journal posted [an excellent article][1] today by [Jim Hall][2] about usability and open source software. Usability is far too often glossed over, or ignored completely in open source projects. Other times, usability is confused with design, and the thought that making something look pretty will have the same desired affect as making it easy to use. It is understandable that usability is often overlooked in open source projects. After all, developers already know how to use their own software, and are generally familiar with their chosen environment. Open source may well be about “scratching your own itch”, but if you would like your project to appeal to a wider audience, even an informal usability test could go a long ways.
In the article from the Linux Journal, Hall explained how he did a small usability test with a handful of college students. The students were mostly Windows users, and claimed to have little experience with computers. They were given a laptop running “Fedora 17 Desktop Edition”, and asked to perform a series of tasks with Gedit, Firefox, and Nautilus while Hall observed and took notes. The results showed that users were able to use each application to perform basic tasks, but became confused when asked to do something outside of the obvious functionality of the application. Users were able to navigate Firefox without issue, but had trouble changing the default font in Gedit, and creating a bookmark to a file in Nautilus.
The type of testing that Hall did is often the most useful, especially for developers. Users will do things with your application that you never dreamed of, and become confused with things that you think are as clear as the nose on your face. When I was in grad school we did usability testing using a commercial application called Silverback. The application would both record the screen and use the built in webcam to record the users face while the user accomplished the requested tasks. One of us would sit with the user and take notes during the session, and we would then review the video after the fact and count the number of mouse clicks and determine how much time the user spent accomplishing each requested task, or if they were able to accomplish it at all. The recording of the users face was extremely useful, especially when coupled with the notes taken during the test. Facial expressions would match up with notes like “seems to be confused on step 6”, and help show if and when in the process the user was becoming frustrated.
If you have never contributed to the open source community, this is a great place to start. Usability issues are bugs, the same as any other type of deficiency in the application. Anything that inhibits the user from using the software in the way they choose to accomplish the task at hand is a problem. If you are a developer, do yourself a favor and sit with an in experienced user and show them your software. Don’t teach, don’t coach, and don’t tell them where to click, just let them get lost and watch where it goes. You might find that you have a deeper understanding of your own project than you ever did before. If you would know your application, show it to someone else.
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via: http://ostatic.com/blog/usability-and-open-source
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/its-about-user-applying-usability-open-source-software
[2]:http://opensource-usability.blogspot.com/

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Usability and Open Source
================================================================================
[Jim Hall][2] 在 Linux Journal 网站上发表了一篇精彩的[文章][1]，是关于开源软件的“用户友好性”的。在开源项目中，软件的“友好性”被敷衍处理，甚至会被完全忽略。另一方面，人们经常将“用户友好性”与“美观“混为一谈，他们认为软件“易于使用”就是要软件设计得漂亮。开源项目软件的“友好性”或者“易用性”经常被开发者忽略，这可以理解，毕竟开发者肯定知道如何使用他们自己的软件，并且对开发的软件的工作环境也了如指掌（译注：举个生活中的例子，译者，就是我，想去附近的阿姨家玩，只需要出门左转右转过个红绿灯再过三幢房就到了，因为我对环境了如指掌；对于读者，想找到我阿姨家，估计就要冲过来削我：你 TM 在逗我么）。开源软件能很好地满足开发者自身的需求，但如果想让你的软件被更多人使用，你就需要在“易用性”方面下大功夫。
在 Linux Journal 上的这篇文章里面，Hall 介绍了他与几个大学生一起做了一个小小的易用性测试，这些学生都是 Windows 用户，并且对电脑都不怎么熟悉。他们被要求使用装有 Fedora 17 的笔记本，并且要求使用一系列软件，像 Gedit, Firefox 和 Nautilus，Hall 在一旁观察，并做一些记录。结果显示这些用户能够使用这些软件的基本功能，但对于软件的一些高级功能，他们就束手无策了。他们能够在不需要任何提示的情况下使用火狐上网，但当要求他们改变 Gedit 的默认字体，或使用 Nautilus 为一个文件建立书签时，他们就不知道怎么做了。
Hall 做的这项实验对开发者来说是非常有意义的。你永远都想不到用户会将你的软件用在什么地方，并且对于你觉得一目了然的特性，就跟脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了的特性，在用户眼里可能就是那么难以理解。我在读研的时候，就做过一个“软件易用性”实验，实验的道具是一款商业软件，名叫“Silverback”，它会调用电脑内置摄像头来记录用户的脸部表情。当用户坐下来完成我们布置的任务时，我们中的一个人会坐在用户旁边并做一些记录，实验结束后我们会回头看录像，记录用户鼠标点击次数、用户完成每个任务需要的时间，以及他们是否能完成所有任务。记录用户脸部表情非常有用，特别是配合用户做任务时实验人员写下来的实验记录的时候。笔记上有一条“在第６个步骤有些迷惑”的记录，用户脸部表情与这个记录保持一致，这能显示用户在什么时候感觉遇到挫折了。
如果你没有参与过开源社区，这是一个很好的起点。“易用性”不好，就是一个 bug，与软件其它 bug 一样，都需要解决。一个软件如果不能按用户的思路来处理用户的问题，这就是一个 bug。如果你是一个开发者，帮自己一个忙，坐在一个资深的软件使用者旁边，让他用用你的软件。不要指点，不要提醒，不要告诉他需要按什么按键，就让他自己把玩，自己发现软件的用处。也许你能对你的软件有更深一层的了解。如果你觉得了解自己的软件，试试让其他人玩玩吧。
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via: http://ostatic.com/blog/usability-and-open-source
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/its-about-user-applying-usability-open-source-software
[2]:http://opensource-usability.blogspot.com/