TranslateProject/sources/tech/20220718 Create a JavaScript API in 6 minutes.md

[#]: subject: "Create a JavaScript API in 6 minutes"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/7/javascript-api-express"
[#]: author: "Jessica Cherry https://opensource.com/users/cherrybomb"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "

Create a JavaScript API in 6 minutes
======
Express yourself by coding a fun API using Express, a NodeJS minimalist web framework.

This article demonstrates creating a base API with Express and JavaScript. Express is a NodeJS minimalist web framework. This combination allows for minimal effort to get an API up and running at the speed of light. If you have six minutes of free time, you can get this API working to do something useful.

### Get started with NodeJS

What you need for this project is the NodeJS version of your choice. In this example, I use [NodeJS][2] and [HTTPie][3] for testing, a web browser, and a terminal. Once you have those available, you're ready to start. Let's get this show on the road!

Set up a project directory and install the tools to get started:

```
$ mkdir test-api
```

The `npm init` command creates the package JSON for our project below. Type `npm init` and press enter several times. The output is shown below:

```
$ npm init

Press ^C at any time to quit.
package name: (test-api)
version: (1.0.0)
description:
entry point: (index.js)
test command:
git repository:
keywords:
author:
license: (ISC)
About to write to /Users/cherrybomb/test-api/package.json:

{
  "name": "test-api",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC"
}


Is this OK? (yes)
```

This utility walks you through creating a `package.json` file. It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults. See `npm help init` for definitive documentation on these fields and exactly what they do.

Use `npm install {pkg}` afterward to install a package and save it as a dependency in the `package.json` file.

Next, install Express using the [npm CLI][4]:

```
$ npm install express Output shown below

npm WARN cherrybomb No description
npm WARN cherrybomb No repository field.
npm WARN cherrybomb No license field.

+ express@4.18.1
added 60 packages from 39 contributors and audited 136 packages in 4.863s

16 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

found 0 vulnerabilities
```

Finally, create your source directory and your `index.js` file, which is where the application code lives:

```
$ mkdir src
$ touch src/index.js
```

Time to code!

### Code an API

For your first act of coding, make a simple "hello world" API call. In your `index.js` file, add the code snippet below:

```
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 5000

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Hello World!')
})

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Example app listening on port ${port}`)
})
```

Each of these constant variables is available in the scopes below. Because you're not using the following scopes within the code, these constants are used without too much extra thought.

When you call `app.get`, you define the `GET{rest article needed}` endpoint to a forward slash. This also sets the "hello world" response.

Finally, in the last section, you will start your app on port 5000. The output on your terminal shows your defined message in a file called `console.log`.

To start your application, run the following command, and see the output as shown:

```
$ test-api → node ./src/index.js
Example app listening on port 5000
```

### Test the API

Now that everything is up and running, make a simple call to ensure your API works. For the first test, just open a browser window and navigate to `localhost:5000`.

![Express API Hello World][5]

(Jessica Cherry, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Next, check out what HTTPie says about the API call:

```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 12
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2022 14:31:06 GMT
ETag: W/"c-Lve95gjOVATpfV8EL5X4nxwjKHE"
Keep-Alive: timeout=5
X-Powered-By: Express

Hello World!
```

And there you have it! One whole working API call. So what's next? Well, you could try some changes to make it more interesting.

### Make your API fun

The "hello world" piece is now done, so it's time to do some cool math. You'll do some counts instead of just "hello world."

Change your code to look like this:

```
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 5000

let count = 0;

app.get('/api', (req, res) => {
res.json({count})
})

app.post('/api', (req, res) => {
++count;
res.json({count});
});

app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Example app listening on port ${port}`)
})
```

Aside from a `GET` command in your code, you now have a `POST` to make some changes to your count. With count defined as **0**, the `LET` command allows changes to the `COUNT` variable.

In `app.get`, you get the count, and in `app.post`, you **++count**, which counts upwards in increments of 1. When you rerun the `GET`, you receive the new number.

Try out the changes:

```
test-api → node ./src/index.js
Example app listening on port 5000
```

Next, use HTTPie to run the `GET` and `POST` operations for a test to confirm it works. Starting with `GET`, you can grab the count:

```
test-api → http GET 127.0.0.1:5000/api
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2022 15:23:06 GMT
ETag: W/"b-ch7MNww9+xUYoTgutbGr6VU0GaU"
Keep-Alive: timeout=5
X-Powered-By: Express

{
    "count": 0
}
```

Then do a `POST` a couple of times, and watch the changes:

```
test-api → http POST 127.0.0.1:5000/api
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2022 15:28:28 GMT
ETag: W/"b-qA97yBec1rrOyf2eVsYdWwFPOso"
Keep-Alive: timeout=5
X-Powered-By: Express

{
    "count": 1
}


test-api → http POST 127.0.0.1:5000/api
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2022 15:28:34 GMT
ETag: W/"b-hRuIfkAGnfwKvpTzajm4bAWdKxE"
Keep-Alive: timeout=5
X-Powered-By: Express

{
    "count": 2
}
```

As you can see, the count goes up! Run one more `GET` operation and see what the output is:

```
test-api → http GET 127.0.0.1:5000/api
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2022 15:29:41 GMT
ETag: W/"b-hRuIfkAGnfwKvpTzajm4bAWdKxE"
Keep-Alive: timeout=5
X-Powered-By: Express

{
    "count": 2
}
```

### The end and the beginning

I specialize in infrastructure and [Terraform][6], so this was a really fun way to learn and build something quickly in a language I'd never used before. JavaScript moves fast, and it can be annoying to see errors that seem obscure or obtuse. I can see where some personal opinions have judged it harshly as a language, but it's a strong and useful tool. I hope you enjoyed this walkthrough and learned something new and cool along the way.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

via: https://opensource.com/article/22/7/javascript-api-express

作者：[Jessica Cherry][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

[a]: https://opensource.com/users/cherrybomb
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/OSDC_women_computing_2.png
[2]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/getting-started-httpie
[4]: https://github.com/npm/cli
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-07/express-api-hello-world.png
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/terraform-kubernetes