2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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在 Linux 中使用 shell 脚本自动创建/移除并挂载交换文件
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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============================================================
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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几天前我们写了一篇关于在 Linux 中 3 种创建交换文件的方法,它们是常见的方法,但是需要人工操作。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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今天我发现了一个小的 [Gary Stafford][3] 写的 shell 脚本(两个 shell 脚本,一个用于创建交换文件,另外一个用于移除交换文件),它帮助我们在 Linux 中创建/移除并且自动挂载交换文件。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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默认这个脚本创建并挂载 `512MB` 的交换文件。如果你想要更多的交换空间和不同的文件名,你需要相应地修改脚本。修改脚本不是一件困难的事,因为这是一个非常上手而且小的脚本,设置我已经为你想要修改的脚本行加上了颜色。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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**推荐阅读:** [Linux 中 3 中简易的创建或扩展交换空间的方法][4]
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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#### 如何检查当前交换文件大小
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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使用 **[free][1]** 和 `swapon` 命令检查已经存在交换空间。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ free -h
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 2.0G 1.3G 139M 45M 483M 426M
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Swap: 2.0G 655M 1.4G
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$ swapon --show
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NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
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/dev/sda5 partition 2G 655.2M -1
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```
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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上面的输出显示我当前的交换空间是 `2GB`。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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#### 创建交换文件
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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创建 `create_swap.sh` 文件并添加下面的脚本来自动化交换空间的创建和挂载。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ nano create_swap.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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# size of swapfile in megabytes
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swapsize=1024
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# does the swap file already exist?
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grep -q "swapfile" /etc/fstab
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# if not then create it
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo 'swapfile not found. Adding swapfile.'
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fallocate -l ${swapsize}M /swapfile
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chmod 600 /swapfile
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mkswap /swapfile
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swapon /swapfile
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echo '/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
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else
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echo 'swapfile found. No changes made.'
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fi
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echo '--------------------------------------------'
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echo 'Check whether the swap space created or not?'
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echo '--------------------------------------------'
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swapon --show
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```
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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给文件添加执行权限。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo +x create_swap.sh
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```
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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运行文件来创建和挂载交换文件。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo ./create_swap.sh
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swapfile not found. Adding swapfile.
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Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1024 MiB (1073737728 bytes)
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no label, UUID=d9004261-396a-4321-a45f-9923e3e1328c
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--------------------------------------------
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Check whether the swap space created or not?
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--------------------------------------------
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NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
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/dev/sda5 partition 2G 954.1M -1
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/swapfile file 1024M 0B -2
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```
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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你可以看到新的 `1024M swapfile`。重启系统以使用新的交换文件。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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#### 移除交换文件
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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如果不再需要交换文件,接着创建 `remove_swap.sh` 文件并添加下面的脚本移除交换文件以及它的 /etc/fstab 挂载点。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ nano remove_swap.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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# does the swap file exist?
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grep -q "swapfile" /etc/fstab
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# if it does then remove it
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo 'swapfile found. Removing swapfile.'
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sed -i '/swapfile/d' /etc/fstab
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echo "3" > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
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swapoff -a
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rm -f /swapfile
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else
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echo 'No swapfile found. No changes made.'
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fi
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echo '--------------------------------------------'
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echo 'Check whether the swap space removed or not?'
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echo '--------------------------------------------'
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swapon --show
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```
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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并给文件添加可执行权限。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo +x remove_swap.sh
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```
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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运行脚本来移除并卸载交换文件。
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo ./remove_swap.sh
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swapfile found. Removing swapfile.
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swapoff: /dev/sda5: swapoff failed: Cannot allocate memory
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--------------------------------------------
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Check whether the swap space removed or not?
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--------------------------------------------
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NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
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/dev/sda5 partition 2G 951.8M -1
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.2daygeek.com/shell-script-create-add-extend-swap-space-linux/
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作者:[2DAYGEEK ][a]
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2017-06-27 09:02:28 +08:00
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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2017-06-25 11:05:12 +08:00
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
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[1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/free-command-to-check-memory-usage-statistics-in-linux/
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[2]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
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[3]:https://programmaticponderings.com/2013/12/19/scripting-linux-swap-space/
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[4]:http://www.2daygeek.com/add-extend-increase-swap-space-memory-file-partition-linux/
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