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306 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
306 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (heguagnzhi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Lock and Unlock User Account in Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/lock-unlock-disable-enable-user-account-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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在Linux中锁定和解锁用户帐户的三种方法
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======
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如果密码策略已经在你的组织中实施了，你无需看这篇文章了。
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但是在这种情况下，如果你设置了24小时的锁定期，你需要手动解锁用户帐户。
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本教程将帮助你在Linux中手动锁定和解锁用户帐户。
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这可以通过三种方式使用以下两个 Linux 命令来完成。
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* **`passwd:`** passwd 命令用于更新用户的身份验证令牌。这个任务是通过调用 Linux-PAM 和 Libuser API 来实现。
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* **`usermod:`** usermod 命令用于修改/更新给定用户的帐户信息。它用于将用户添加到特定的组中，等等其他功能,
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为了说明这一点，我们选择 `daygeek` 用户帐户。让我们看看，怎么一步步来实现的。
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请注意，你必须使用你需要锁定或解锁的用户的帐户，而不是我们自己的帐户。
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您可以使用 `id Command` 检查给定的用户帐户在系统中是否可用。是的，我的帐户在系统中是可用的。
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```
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# id daygeek
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uid=2240(daygeek) gid=2243(daygeek) groups=2243(daygeek),2244(ladmin)
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```
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### 方法1: 如何使用 passwd 命令锁定、解锁和检查 Linux 中给定用户帐户的状态？
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passwd 命令是 Linux 管理员经常使用的命令之一。
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它用于更新 `/etc/shadow` 文件中用户的身份验证令牌。
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使用 `-l` 开关运行 passwd 命令，锁定给定的用户帐户。
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```
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# passwd -l daygeek
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Locking password for user daygeek.
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passwd: Success
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```
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你可以通过 passwd 命令或从 /etc/shadow 文件中获取给定用户名来检查锁定的帐户状态。
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使用 passwd 命令检查用户帐户锁定状态。
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```
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# passwd -S daygeek
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or
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# passwd --status daygeek
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daygeek LK 2019-05-30 7 90 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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```
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将输出给定帐户密码状态的简短信息。
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* **`LK:`**` ` 密码锁定
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* **`NP:`**` ` 没有密码
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* **`PS:`**` ` 密码设置
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使用 `/etc/shadow` 文件检查锁定的用户帐户状态。如果帐户已被锁定，密码前面将添加两个感叹号。
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```
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# grep daygeek /etc/shadow
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daygeek:!!$6$tGvVUhEY$PIkpI43HPaEoRrNJSRpM3H0YWOsqTqXCxtER6rak5PMaAoyQohrXNB0YoFCmAuh406n8XOvBBldvMy9trmIV00:18047:7:90:7:::
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```
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使用 `-u` 开关运行 passwd 命令，解锁给定的用户帐户。
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```
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# passwd -u daygeek
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Unlocking password for user daygeek.
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passwd: Success
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```
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### 方法2:如何使用 usermod 命令在 Linux 中锁定、解锁和检查给定用户帐户的状态？
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甚至，usermod 命令也经常被 Linux 管理员使用。
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usermod 命令用于修改/更新给定用户的帐户信息。它用于将用户添加到特定的组中，等等。,
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使用 `-L` 开关运行 usermod 命令，锁定给定的用户帐户。
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```
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# usermod --lock daygeek
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or
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# usermod -L daygeek
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```
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你可以通过 passwd 命令或从 /etc/shadow 文件中获取给定用户名来检查锁定的帐户状态。
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使用 passwd 命令检查用户帐户锁定状态。
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```
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# passwd -S daygeek
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or
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# passwd --status daygeek
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daygeek LK 2019-05-30 7 90 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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```
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这将输出给定帐户密码状态的简短信息。
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* **`LK:`**` ` Password locked
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* **`NP:`**` ` No password
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* **`PS:`**` ` Password set
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使用 /etc/shadow 文件检查锁定的用户帐户状态。如果帐户已被锁定，密码前面将添加两个感叹号。
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```
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# grep daygeek /etc/shadow
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daygeek:!!$6$tGvVUhEY$PIkpI43HPaEoRrNJSRpM3H0YWOsqTqXCxtER6rak5PMaAoyQohrXNB0YoFCmAuh406n8XOvBBldvMy9trmIV00:18047:7:90:7:::
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```
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使用 `-U` 开关运行 usermod 命令以解锁给定的用户帐户。
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```
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# usermod --unlock daygeek
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or
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# usermod -U daygeek
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```
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###方法-3:如何在 Linux 中使用 usermod 命令禁用、启用对给定用户帐户的 SSH 访问？
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甚至，usermod 命令也是经常被 Linux 管理员使用的命令。
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usermod 命令用于修改/更新给定用户的帐户信息。它用于将用户添加到特定的组中，等等。,
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或者，这可以通过将 `nologin` shell 分配给给定用户来完成。为此，可以运行以下命令。
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```
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# usermod -s /sbin/nologin daygeek
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```
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You can check the locked user account details by greping the given user name from /etc/passwd file.
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你可以通过从 /etc/passwd 文件中给定用户名来检查锁定的用户帐户详细信息。
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```
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# grep daygeek /etc/passwd
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daygeek:x:2240:2243::/home/daygeek:/sbin/nologin
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```
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我们可以通过分配回原来的 shell 来启用用户 ssh 访问。
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```
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# usermod -s /bin/bash daygeek
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```
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###如何使用 shell 脚本锁定、解锁和检查 Linux 中多个用户帐户的状态？
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如果你想锁定/解锁多个帐户，那么你需要寻找脚本。
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是的，我们可以编写一个小的 shell 脚本来执行这个操作。为此，请使用以下 shell 脚本。
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创建用户列表。每个用户信息在单独的行中。
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```
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$ cat user-lists.txt
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u1
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u2
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u3
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u4
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u5
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```
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使用以下 shell 脚本锁定 Linux中 的多个用户帐户。
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```
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# user-lock.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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for user in `cat user-lists.txt`
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do
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passwd -l $user
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done
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```
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将`user-lock.sh` 文件设置为可执行权限 。
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```
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# chmod + user-lock.sh
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```
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最后运行脚本来实现这一点。
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```
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# sh user-lock.sh
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Locking password for user u1.
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passwd: Success
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Locking password for user u2.
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passwd: Success
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Locking password for user u3.
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passwd: Success
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Locking password for user u4.
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passwd: Success
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Locking password for user u5.
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passwd: Success
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```
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使用以下 shell 脚本检查锁定的用户帐户。
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```
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# vi user-lock-status.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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for user in `cat user-lists.txt`
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do
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passwd -S $user
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done
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```
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设置 `user-lock-status.sh` 可执行权限。
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```
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# chmod + user-lock-status.sh
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```
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最后运行脚本来实现这一点。
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```
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# sh user-lock-status.sh
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u1 LK 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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u2 LK 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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u3 LK 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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u4 LK 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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u5 LK 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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```
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使用下面的 shell 脚本来解锁多个用户。
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```
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# user-unlock.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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for user in `cat user-lists.txt`
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do
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passwd -u $user
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done
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```
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设置 `user-unlock.sh` 可执行权限。
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```
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# chmod + user-unlock.sh
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```
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最后运行脚本来实现这一点。
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```
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# sh user-unlock.sh
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Unlocking password for user u1.
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passwd: Success
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Unlocking password for user u2.
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passwd: Success
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Unlocking password for user u3.
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passwd: Success
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Unlocking password for user u4.
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passwd: Success
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Unlocking password for user u5.
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passwd: Success
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```
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运行相同的 shell 脚本 `user-lock-status.sh` ，检查这些锁定的用户帐户在 Linux 中是否被解锁。
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```
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# sh user-lock-status.sh
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u1 PS 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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u2 PS 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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u3 PS 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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u4 PS 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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u5 PS 2019-06-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/lock-unlock-disable-enable-user-account-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[heguangzhi](https://github.com/heguangzhi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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