mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-07 22:11:09 +08:00
180 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
|||
|
|
[#]: translator: ( )
|
|||
|
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
|||
|
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
|||
|
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
|||
|
|
[#]: subject: (Use Postfix to get email from your Fedora system)
|
|||
|
|
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/use-postfix-to-get-email-from-your-fedora-system/)
|
|||
|
|
[#]: author: (Gregory Bartholomew https://fedoramagazine.org/author/glb/)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Use Postfix to get email from your Fedora system
|
|||
|
|
======
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
![][1]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Communication is key. Your computer might be trying to tell you something important. But if your mail transport agent ([MTA][2]) isn’t properly configured, you might not be getting the notifications. Postfix is a MTA [that’s easy to configure and known for a strong security record][3]. Follow these steps to ensure that email notifications sent from local services will get routed to your internet email account through the Postfix MTA.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Install packages
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Use _dnf_ to install the required packages ([you configured][4] _[sudo][4]_[, right?][4]):
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ sudo -i
|
|||
|
|
# dnf install postfix mailx
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If you previously had a different MTA configured, you may need to set Postfix to be the system default. Use the _alternatives_ command to set your system default MTA:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ sudo alternatives --config mta
|
|||
|
|
There are 2 programs which provide 'mta'.
|
|||
|
|
Selection Command
|
|||
|
|
*+ 1 /usr/sbin/sendmail.sendmail
|
|||
|
|
2 /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
|
|||
|
|
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Create a _password_maps_ file
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
You will need to create a Postfix lookup table entry containing the email address and password of the account that you want to use to for sending email:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
# MY_EMAIL_ADDRESS=glb@gmail.com
|
|||
|
|
# MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD=abcdefghijklmnop
|
|||
|
|
# MY_SMTP_SERVER=smtp.gmail.com
|
|||
|
|
# MY_SMTP_SERVER_PORT=587
|
|||
|
|
# echo "[$MY_SMTP_SERVER]:$MY_SMTP_SERVER_PORT $MY_EMAIL_ADDRESS:$MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD" >> /etc/postfix/password_maps
|
|||
|
|
# chmod 600 /etc/postfix/password_maps
|
|||
|
|
# unset MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD
|
|||
|
|
# history -c
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If you are using a Gmail account, you’ll need to configure an “app password” for Postfix, rather than using your gmail password. See “[Sign in using App Passwords][5]” for instructions on configuring an app password.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Next, you must run the _postmap_ command against the Postfix lookup table to create or update the hashed version of the file that Postfix actually uses:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
# postmap /etc/postfix/password_maps
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The hashed version will have the same file name but it will be suffixed with _.db_.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Update the _main.cf_ file
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Update Postfix’s _main.cf_ configuration file to reference the Postfix lookup table you just created. Edit the file and add these lines.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
relayhost = smtp.gmail.com:587
|
|||
|
|
smtp_tls_security_level = verify
|
|||
|
|
smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
|
|||
|
|
smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname
|
|||
|
|
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
|
|||
|
|
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
|
|||
|
|
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/password_maps
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The example assumes you’re using Gmail for the _relayhost_ setting, but you can substitute the correct hostname and port for the mail host to which your system should hand off mail for sending.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
For the most up-to-date details about the above configuration options, see the man page:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ man postconf.5
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Enable, start, and test Postfix
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
After you have updated the main.cf file, enable and start the Postfix service:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
# systemctl enable --now postfix.service
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
You can then exit your _sudo_ session as root using the _exit_ command or **Ctrl+D**. You should now be able to test your configuration with the _mail_ command:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ echo 'It worked!' | mail -s "Test: $(date)" glb@gmail.com
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Update services
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If you have services like [logwatch][6], [mdadm][7], [fail2ban][8], [apcupsd][9] or [certwatch][10] installed, you can now update their configurations so that their email notifications will go to your internet email address.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Optionally, you may want to configure all email that is sent to your local system’s root account to go to your internet email address. Add this line to the _/etc/aliases_ file on your system (you’ll need to use _sudo_ to edit this file, or switch to the _root_ account first):
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
root: glb+root@gmail.com
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Now run this command to re-read the aliases:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
# newaliases
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* TIP: If you are using Gmail, you can [add an alpha-numeric mark][11] between your username and the **@** symbol as demonstrated above to make it easier to identify and filter the email that you will receive from your computer(s).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Troubleshooting
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**View the mail queue:**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ mailq
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Clear all email from the queues:**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
# postsuper -d ALL
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Filter the configuration settings for interesting values:**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ postconf | grep "^relayhost\|^smtp_"
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**View the _postfix/smtp_ logs:**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ journalctl --no-pager -t postfix/smtp
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Reload _postfix_ after making configuration changes:**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
$ systemctl reload postfix
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* * *
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
_Photo by _[_Sharon McCutcheon_][12]_ on [Unsplash][13]_.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-postfix-to-get-email-from-your-fedora-system/
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
作者：[Gregory Bartholomew][a]
|
|||
|
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
|||
|
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
|||
|
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/glb/
|
|||
|
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
|||
|
|
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/postfix-816x345.jpg
|
|||
|
|
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_transfer_agent
|
|||
|
|
[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)
|
|||
|
|
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/
|
|||
|
|
[5]: https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833
|
|||
|
|
[6]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/logwatch
|
|||
|
|
[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/mirror-your-system-drive-using-software-raid/
|
|||
|
|
[8]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fail2ban_with_FirewallD
|
|||
|
|
[9]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/apcupsd
|
|||
|
|
[10]: https://www.linux.com/learn/automated-certificate-expiration-checks-centos
|
|||
|
|
[11]: https://gmail.googleblog.com/2008/03/2-hidden-ways-to-get-more-from-your.html
|
|||
|
|
[12]: https://unsplash.com/@sharonmccutcheon?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
|||
|
|
[13]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/envelopes?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|