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6.8 KiB
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181 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
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# 将 DEB 软件包转换成 Arch Linux 软件包
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我们已经学会了如何[**为多个平台构建包**][1]，以及如何从[**源代码构建包**][2]。 今天，我们将学习如何将 DEB 包转换为 Arch Linux 包。 您可能会问，AUR 是这个星球上的大型软件存储库，几乎所有的软件都可以在其中使用。 为什么我需要将 DEB 软件包转换为 Arch Linux 软件包？ 这的确没错！ 但是，某些软件包无法编译（封闭源代码软件包），或者由于各种原因（如编译时出错或文件不可用）而无法从 AUR 生成。 或者，开发人员懒得在 AUR 中构建一个包，或者他/她不想创建 AUR 包。 在这种情况下，我们可以使用这种快速但有点粗糙的方法将 DEB 包转换成 Arch Linux 包。
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### Debtap - 将 DEB 包转换成 Arch Linux 包
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为此，我们将使用名为 “Debtap” 的实用程序。 它代表了 **DEB** **T** o **A** rch （Linux） **P** ackage。 Debtap 在 AUR 中可以使用，因此您可以使用 AUR 辅助工具（如 [Pacaur][3]，[Packer][4] 或 [Yaourt][5] ）来安装它。
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使用 pacaur 安装 debtap 运行：
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```
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pacaur -S debtap
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```
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使用 Packer 安装：
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```
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packer -S debtap
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```
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使用 Yaourt 安装：
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```
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yaourt -S debtap
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```
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同时，你的 Arch 系统也应该已经安装好了 **bash**， **binutils** ，**pkgfile** 和 **fakeroot** 包。
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在安装 Debtap 和所有上述依赖关系之后，运行以下命令来创建/更新 pkgfile 和 debtap 数据库。
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```
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sudo debtap -u
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```
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示例输出是：
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```
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==> Synchronizing pkgfile database...
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:: Updating 6 repos...
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download complete: archlinuxfr [ 151.7 KiB 67.5K/s 5 remaining]
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download complete: multilib [ 319.5 KiB 36.2K/s 4 remaining]
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download complete: core [ 707.7 KiB 49.5K/s 3 remaining]
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download complete: testing [ 1716.3 KiB 58.2K/s 2 remaining]
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download complete: extra [ 7.4 MiB 109K/s 1 remaining]
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download complete: community [ 16.9 MiB 131K/s 0 remaining]
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:: download complete in 131.47s < 27.1 MiB 211K/s 6 files >
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:: waiting for 1 process to finish repacking repos...
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==> Synchronizing debtap database...
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 34.1M 100 34.1M 0 0 206k 0 0:02:49 0:02:49 --:--:-- 180k
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 814k 100 814k 0 0 101k 0 0:00:08 0:00:08 --:--:-- 113k
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 120k 100 120k 0 0 61575 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 52381
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 35.4M 100 35.4M 0 0 175k 0 0:03:27 0:03:27 --:--:-- 257k
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==> Downloading latest virtual packages list...
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 149 0 149 0 0 49 0 --:--:-- 0:00:03 --:--:-- 44
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100 11890 0 11890 0 0 2378 0 --:--:-- 0:00:05 --:--:-- 8456
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==> Downloading latest AUR packages list...
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 264k 0 264k 0 0 30128 0 --:--:-- 0:00:09 --:--:-- 74410
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==> Generating base group packages list...
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==> All steps successfully completed!
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```
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你至少需要运行上述命令一次
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现在是时候开始转换包了。
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比如说要使用 debtap 转换包 **Quadrapassel**，你可以这样做：
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```
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debtap quadrapassel_3.22.0-1.1_arm64.deb
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```
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上述的命令会将 DEB 包文件转换为 Arch Linux 包。你需要输入包的维护者和许可证，输入他们，然后按下回车键就可以开始转换了。
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包转换的过程可能依赖于你的 CPU 的速度从几秒到几分钟不等。喝一杯咖啡等一等。
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示例输出：
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```
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==> Extracting package data...
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==> Fixing possible directories structure differencies...
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==> Generating .PKGINFO file...
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:: Enter Packager name:
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**quadrapassel**
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:: Enter package license (you can enter multiple licenses comma separated):
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**GPL**
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*** Creation of .PKGINFO file in progress. It may take a few minutes, please wait...
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Warning: These dependencies (depend = fields) could not be translated into Arch Linux packages names:
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gsettings-backend
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== > Checking and generating .INSTALL file (if necessary)...
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:: If you want to edit .PKGINFO and .INSTALL files (in this order), press (1) For vi (2) For nano (3) For default editor (4) For a custom editor or any other key to continue:
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==> Generating .MTREE file...
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==> Creating final package...
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==> Package successfully created!
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==> Removing leftover files...
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```
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**注**：Quadrapassel 在 Arch Linux 官方的软件库中早已可用，我只是用它来说明一下。
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如果在包转化的过程中，你不想回答任何问题，使用 **-q** 略过除了编辑元数据的所有问题。
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```
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debtap -q quadrapassel_3.22.0-1.1_arm64.deb
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```
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为了略过所有的问题（不推荐），使用 -Q。
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```
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debtap -Q quadrapassel_3.22.0-1.1_arm64.deb
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```
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转换完成后，您可以使用 “pacman” 在 Arch 系统中安装新转换的软件包，如下所示。
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```
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sudo pacman -U <package-name>
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```
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显示帮助文档，使用 -h：
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```
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$ debtap -h
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Syntax: debtap [options] package_filename
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Options:
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-h --h -help --help Prints this help message
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-u --u -update --update Update debtap database
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-q --q -quiet --quiet Bypass all questions, except for editing metadata file(s)
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-Q --Q -Quiet --Quiet Bypass all questions (not recommended)
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-s --s -pseudo --pseudo Create a pseudo-64-bit package from a 32-bit .deb package
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-w --w -wipeout --wipeout Wipeout versions from all dependencies, conflicts etc.
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-p --p -pkgbuild --pkgbuild Additionally generate a PKGBUILD file
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-P --P -Pkgbuild --Pkgbuild Generate a PKGBUILD file only
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```
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这就是现在要讲的。希望这个工具有所帮助。如果你发现我们的指南有用，请花一点时间在你的社交、专业网络分享并在 OSTechNix 支持我们!
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更多的好东西来了。请继续关注!
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干杯!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/convert-deb-packages-arch-linux-packages/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[amwps290](https://github.com/amwps290)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/build-linux-packages-multiple-platforms-easily/
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[2]:https://www.ostechnix.com/build-packages-source-using-checkinstall/
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[3]:https://www.ostechnix.com/install-pacaur-arch-linux/
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[4]:https://www.ostechnix.com/install-packer-arch-linux-2/
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[5]:https://www.ostechnix.com/install-yaourt-arch-linux/
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