TranslateProject/published/20151123 Assign Multiple IP Addresses To One Interface On Ubuntu 15.10.md

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在 Ubuntu 15.10 上为单个网卡设置多个 IP 地址
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有时候你可能想在你的网卡上使用多个 IP 地址。遇到这种情况你会怎么办呢?买一个新的网卡并分配一个新的 IP没有这个必要至少在小型网络中。现在我们可以在 Ubuntu 系统中为一个网卡分配多个 IP 地址。想知道怎么做到的?跟着我往下看,其实并不难。
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这个方法也适用于 Debian 以及它的衍生版本。
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### 临时添加 IP 地址 ###
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首先,让我们找到网卡的 IP 地址。在我的 Ubuntu 15.10 服务器版中,我只使用了一个网卡。
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运行下面的命令找到 IP 地址:
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sudo ip addr
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**样例输出:**
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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sudo ifconfig
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**样例输出:**
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enp0s3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:2a:03:4b
inet addr:192.168.1.103 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:186 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:21872 (21.8 KB) TX bytes:9666 (9.6 KB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB) TX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB)
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正如你在上面输出中看到的,我的网卡名称是 **enp0s3**,它的 IP 地址是 **192.168.1.103**
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现在让我们来为网卡添加一个新的 IP 地址,例如说 **192.168.1.104**
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打开你的终端并运行下面的命令添加额外的 IP。
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sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3
用命令检查是否启用了新的 IP
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sudo ip address show enp0s3
**样例输出:**
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2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.1.104/24 scope global secondary enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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类似地,你可以添加任意数量的 IP 地址,只要你想要。
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让我们 ping 一下这个 IP 地址验证一下。
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sudo ping 192.168.1.104
**样例输出**
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PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.901 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.571 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.521 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms
好极了,它能工作!
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要删除 IP只需要运行
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sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3
再检查一下是否删除了 IP。
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sudo ip address show enp0s3
**样例输出:**
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2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到已经没有了!!
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正如你所知,重启系统后这些设置会失效。那么怎么设置才能永久有效呢?这也很简单。
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### 添加永久 IP 地址 ###
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Ubuntu 系统的网卡配置文件是 **/etc/network/interfaces**。
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让我们来看看上面文件的具体内容。
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sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces
**输出样例:**
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# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet dhcp
正如你在上面输出中看到的,网卡启用了 DHCP。
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现在,让我们来分配一个额外的地址,例如 **192.168.1.104/24**
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编辑 **/etc/network/interfaces**
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sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
如下添加额外的 IP 地址。
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# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet dhcp
iface enp0s3 inet static
address 192.168.1.104/24
保存并关闭文件。
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运行下面的命令使更改无需重启即生效。
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sudo ifdown enp0s3 && sudo ifup enp0s3
**样例输出:**
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Killed old client process
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1
Copyright 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPRELEASE on enp0s3 to 192.168.1.1 port 67 (xid=0x225f35)
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1
Copyright 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xdfb94764)
DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.103 on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6447b9df)
DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1
DHCPACK of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1
bound to 192.168.1.103 -- renewal in 35146 seconds.
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**注意**:如果你从远程连接到服务器,把上面的两个命令放到**一行**中**非常重要**,因为第一个命令会断掉你的连接。而采用这种方式可以保留你的 ssh 会话。
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现在,让我们用下面的命令来检查一下是否添加了新的 IP
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sudo ip address show enp0s3
**输出样例:**
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2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.1.104/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
很好!我们已经添加了额外的 IP。
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再次 ping IP 地址进行验证。
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sudo ping 192.168.1.104
**样例输出:**
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PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms
好极了!它能正常工作。就是这样。
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想知道怎么给 CentOS/RHEL/Scientific Linux/Fedora 系统添加额外的 IP 地址,可以点击下面的链接。
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- [在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址][1]
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工作愉快!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/assign-multiple-ip-addresses-to-one-interface-on-ubuntu-15-10/
作者:[SK][a]
译者:[ictlyh](http://mutouxiaogui.cn/blog/)
2015-12-28 16:06:13 +08:00
校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
[1]:https://linux.cn/article-5127-1.html