2018-10-09 10:52:04 +08:00
Translating by qhwdw
2018-04-17 10:07:37 +08:00
The df Command Tutorial With Examples For Beginners
======
In this guide, we are going to learn to use **df** command. The df command, stands for **D** isk **F** ree, reports file system disk space usage. It displays the amount of disk space available on the file system in a Linux system. The df command is not to be confused with **du** command. Both serves different purposes. The df command reports **how much disk space we have** (i.e free space) whereas the du command reports **how much disk space is being consumed** by the files and folders. Hope I made myself clear. Let us go ahead and see some practical examples of df command, so you can understand it better.
### The df Command Tutorial With Examples
**1\. View entire file system disk space usage**
Run df command without any arguments to display the entire file system disk space.
```
$ df
```
**Sample output:**
```
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
dev 4033216 0 4033216 0% /dev
run 4038880 1120 4037760 1% /run
/dev/sda2 478425016 428790352 25308980 95% /
tmpfs 4038880 34396 4004484 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 4038880 0 4038880 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 4038880 11636 4027244 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 84096 84096 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/4327
/dev/sda1 95054 55724 32162 64% /boot
tmpfs 807776 28 807748 1% /run/user/1000
```
![][2]
As you can see, the result is divided into six columns. Let us see what each column means.
* **Filesystem** –
* **1K-blocks** –
* **Used** –
* **Available** –
* **Use%** –
* **Mounted on** –
**2\. Display file system disk usage in human readable format**
As you may noticed in the above examples, the usage is showed in 1k blocks. If you want to display them in human readable format, use ** -h** flag.
```
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
dev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
run 3.9G 1.1M 3.9G 1% /run
/dev/sda2 457G 409G 25G 95% /
tmpfs 3.9G 27M 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 3.9G 12M 3.9G 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 83M 83M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/4327
/dev/sda1 93M 55M 32M 64% /boot
tmpfs 789M 28K 789M 1% /run/user/1000
```
Now look at the **Size** and **Avail** columns, the usage is shown in GB and MB.
**3\. Display disk space usage only in MB**
To view file system disk space usage only in Megabytes, use ** -m** flag.
```
$ df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
dev 3939 0 3939 0% /dev
run 3945 2 3944 1% /run
/dev/sda2 467212 418742 24716 95% /
tmpfs 3945 26 3920 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3945 0 3945 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 3945 12 3933 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 83 83 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/4327
/dev/sda1 93 55 32 64% /boot
tmpfs 789 1 789 1% /run/user/1000
```
**4\. List inode information instead of block usage**
We can list inode information instead of block usage by using ** -i** flag as shown below.
```
$ df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
dev 1008304 439 1007865 1% /dev
run 1009720 649 1009071 1% /run
/dev/sda2 30392320 844035 29548285 3% /
tmpfs 1009720 86 1009634 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1009720 18 1009702 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 1009720 3008 1006712 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 12829 12829 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/4327
/dev/sda1 25688 390 25298 2% /boot
tmpfs 1009720 29 1009691 1% /run/user/1000
```
**5\. Display the file system type**
To display the file system type, use ** -T** flag.
```
$ df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
dev devtmpfs 4033216 0 4033216 0% /dev
run tmpfs 4038880 1120 4037760 1% /run
/dev/sda2 ext4 478425016 428790896 25308436 95% /
tmpfs tmpfs 4038880 31300 4007580 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 4038880 0 4038880 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs tmpfs 4038880 11984 4026896 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 squashfs 84096 84096 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/4327
/dev/sda1 ext4 95054 55724 32162 64% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 807776 28 807748 1% /run/user/1000
```
As you see, there is an extra column (second from left) that shows the file system type.
**6\. Display only the specific file system type**
We can limit the listing to a certain file systems. for example **ext4** . To do so, we use ** -t** flag.
```
$ df -t ext4
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 478425016 428790896 25308436 95% /
/dev/sda1 95054 55724 32162 64% /boot
```
See? This command shows only the ext4 file system disk space usage.
**7\. Exclude specific file system type**
Some times, you may want to exclude a specific file system from the result. This can be achieved by using ** -x** flag.
```
$ df -x ext4
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
dev 4033216 0 4033216 0% /dev
run 4038880 1120 4037760 1% /run
tmpfs 4038880 26116 4012764 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 4038880 0 4038880 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 4038880 11984 4026896 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 84096 84096 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/4327
tmpfs 807776 28 807748 1% /run/user/1000
```
The above command will display all file systems usage, except **ext4** .
**8\. Display usage for a folder**
To display the disk space available and where it is mounted for a folder, for example ** /home/sk/** , use this command:
```
$ df -hT /home/sk/
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 ext4 457G 409G 25G 95% /
```
This command shows the file system type, used and available space in human readable form and where it is mounted. If you don’ ** -t** flag.
For more details, refer the man pages.
```
$ man df
```
**Recommended read:**
And, that’
Cheers!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-df-command-tutorial-with-examples-for-beginners/
作者：[SK][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
本文由 [LCTT ](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject ) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[1]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/df-command.png
