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350 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
350 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (PsiACE)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Building a Messenger App: Conversations)
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[#]: via: (https://nicolasparada.netlify.com/posts/go-messenger-conversations/)
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[#]: author: (Nicolás Parada https://nicolasparada.netlify.com/)
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构建一个即时消息应用(三):对话
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======
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本文是该系列的第三篇。
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* [第一篇:模式][1]
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* [第二篇:OAuth][2]
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在我们的即时消息应用中,消息表现为两个参与者对话的堆叠。如果你想要开始异常对话,就应该向应用提供你想要交谈的用户,而当对话创建后(如果该对话此前并不存在),就可以向该对话发送消息。
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就前端而言,我们可能想要显示一份近期对话列表。并在此处显示对话的最后一条消息以及另一个参与者的姓名和头像。
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在这篇帖子中,我们将会编写一些端点(endpoints)来完成像「创建对话」、「获取对话列表」以及「找到单个对话」这样的任务。
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首先,要在主函数 `main()` 中添加下面的路由。
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```go
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router.HandleFunc("POST", "/api/conversations", requireJSON(guard(createConversation)))
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router.HandleFunc("GET", "/api/conversations", guard(getConversations))
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router.HandleFunc("GET", "/api/conversations/:conversationID", guard(getConversation))
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```
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这三个端点都需要进行身份验证,所以我们将会使用 `guard()` 中间件。我们也会构建一个新的中间件,用于检查请求内容是否为 JSON 格式。
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### JSON 请求检查中间件
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```go
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func requireJSON(handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
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return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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if ct := r.Header.Get("Content-Type"); !strings.HasPrefix(ct, "application/json") {
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http.Error(w, "Content type of application/json required", http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
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return
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}
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handler(w, r)
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}
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}
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```
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如果请求(request)不是 JSON 格式,那么它会返回 `415 Unsupported Media Type`(不支持的媒体类型)错误。
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### 创建对话
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```go
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type Conversation struct {
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ID string `json:"id"`
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OtherParticipant *User `json:"otherParticipant"`
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LastMessage *Message `json:"lastMessage"`
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HasUnreadMessages bool `json:"hasUnreadMessages"`
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}
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```
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就像上面的代码那样,对话中保持对另一个参与者和最后一条消息的引用,还有一个 bool 类型的字段,用来告知是否有未读消息。
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```go
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type Message struct {
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ID string `json:"id"`
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Content string `json:"content"`
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UserID string `json:"-"`
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ConversationID string `json:"conversationID,omitempty"`
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CreatedAt time.Time `json:"createdAt"`
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Mine bool `json:"mine"`
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ReceiverID string `json:"-"`
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}
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```
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我们会在下一篇文章介绍与消息相关的内容,但由于我们这里也需要用到它,所以先定义了 `Message` 结构体。其中大多数字段与数据库表一致。我们需要使用 `Mine` 来断定消息是否属于当前已验证用户所有。一旦加入实时功能,`ReceiverID` 可以帮助我们过滤消息。
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接下来让我们编写 HTTP 处理程序。尽管它有些长,但也没什么好怕的。
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```go
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func createConversation(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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var input struct {
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Username string `json:"username"`
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}
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defer r.Body.Close()
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if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&input); err != nil {
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http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
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return
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}
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input.Username = strings.TrimSpace(input.Username)
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if input.Username == "" {
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respond(w, Errors{map[string]string{
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"username": "Username required",
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}}, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
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return
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}
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ctx := r.Context()
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authUserID := ctx.Value(keyAuthUserID).(string)
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tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
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if err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not begin tx: %v", err))
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return
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}
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defer tx.Rollback()
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var otherParticipant User
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if err := tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
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SELECT id, avatar_url FROM users WHERE username = $1
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`, input.Username).Scan(
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&otherParticipant.ID,
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&otherParticipant.AvatarURL,
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); err == sql.ErrNoRows {
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http.Error(w, "User not found", http.StatusNotFound)
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return
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} else if err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not query other participant: %v", err))
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return
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}
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otherParticipant.Username = input.Username
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if otherParticipant.ID == authUserID {
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http.Error(w, "Try start a conversation with someone else", http.StatusForbidden)
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return
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}
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var conversationID string
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if err := tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
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SELECT conversation_id FROM participants WHERE user_id = $1
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INTERSECT
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SELECT conversation_id FROM participants WHERE user_id = $2
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`, authUserID, otherParticipant.ID).Scan(&conversationID); err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not query common conversation id: %v", err))
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return
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} else if err == nil {
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http.Redirect(w, r, "/api/conversations/"+conversationID, http.StatusFound)
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return
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}
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var conversation Conversation
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if err = tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
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INSERT INTO conversations DEFAULT VALUES
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RETURNING id
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`).Scan(&conversation.ID); err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not insert conversation: %v", err))
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return
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}
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if _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
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INSERT INTO participants (user_id, conversation_id) VALUES
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($1, $2),
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($3, $2)
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`, authUserID, conversation.ID, otherParticipant.ID); err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not insert participants: %v", err))
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return
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}
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if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not commit tx to create conversation: %v", err))
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return
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}
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conversation.OtherParticipant = &otherParticipant
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respond(w, conversation, http.StatusCreated)
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}
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```
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在此端点,你会向 `/api/conversations` 发送 POST 请求,请求的 JSON 主体中包含要对话的用户的用户名。
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因此,首先需要将请求主体解析成包含用户名的结构。然后,校验用户名不能为空。
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```go
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type Errors struct {
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Errors map[string]string `json:"errors"`
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}
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```
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这是错误消息的结构体 `Errors`,它仅仅是一个映射。如果输入空用户名,你就会得到一段带有 `422 Unprocessable Entity`(无法处理的实体)错误消息的 JSON 。
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```json
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{
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"errors": {
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"username": "Username required"
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}
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}
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```
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然后,我们开始执行 SQL 事务。收到的仅仅是用户名,但事实上,我们需要知道实际的用户 ID 。因此,事务的第一项内容是查询另一个参与者的 ID 和头像。如果找不到该用户,我们将会返回 `404 Not Found`(未找到) 错误。另外,如果找到的用户恰好和「当前已验证用户」相同,我们应该返回 `403 Forbidden`(拒绝处理)错误。这是由于对话只应当在两个不同的用户之间发起,而不能是同一个。
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然后,我们试图找到这两个用户所共有的对话,所以需要使用 `INTERSECT` 语句。如果存在,只需要通过 `/api/conversations/{conversationID}` 重定向到该对话并将其返回。
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如果未找到共有的对话,我们需要创建一个新的对话并添加指定的两个参与者。最后,我们 `COMMIT` 该事务并使用新创建的对话进行响应。
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### 获取对话列表
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端点 `/api/conversations` 将获取当前已验证用户的所有对话。
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```go
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func getConversations(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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ctx := r.Context()
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authUserID := ctx.Value(keyAuthUserID).(string)
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rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, `
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SELECT
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conversations.id,
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auth_user.messages_read_at < messages.created_at AS has_unread_messages,
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messages.id,
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messages.content,
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messages.created_at,
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messages.user_id = $1 AS mine,
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other_users.id,
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other_users.username,
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other_users.avatar_url
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FROM conversations
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INNER JOIN messages ON conversations.last_message_id = messages.id
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INNER JOIN participants other_participants
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ON other_participants.conversation_id = conversations.id
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AND other_participants.user_id != $1
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INNER JOIN users other_users ON other_participants.user_id = other_users.id
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INNER JOIN participants auth_user
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ON auth_user.conversation_id = conversations.id
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AND auth_user.user_id = $1
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ORDER BY messages.created_at DESC
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`, authUserID)
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if err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not query conversations: %v", err))
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return
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}
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defer rows.Close()
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conversations := make([]Conversation, 0)
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for rows.Next() {
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var conversation Conversation
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var lastMessage Message
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var otherParticipant User
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if err = rows.Scan(
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&conversation.ID,
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&conversation.HasUnreadMessages,
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&lastMessage.ID,
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&lastMessage.Content,
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&lastMessage.CreatedAt,
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&lastMessage.Mine,
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&otherParticipant.ID,
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&otherParticipant.Username,
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&otherParticipant.AvatarURL,
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); err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not scan conversation: %v", err))
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return
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}
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conversation.LastMessage = &lastMessage
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conversation.OtherParticipant = &otherParticipant
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conversations = append(conversations, conversation)
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}
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if err = rows.Err(); err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not iterate over conversations: %v", err))
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return
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}
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respond(w, conversations, http.StatusOK)
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}
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```
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该处理程序仅对数据库进行查询。它通过一些联接来查询对话表……首先,从消息表中获取最后一条消息。然后依据「ID 与当前已验证用户不同」的条件,从参与者表找到对话的另一个参与者。然后联接到用户表以获取该用户的用户名和头像。最后,再次联接参与者表,并以相反的条件从该表中找出参与对话的另一个用户,其实就是当前已验证用户。我们会对比消息中的 `messages_read_at` 和 `created_at` 两个字段,以确定对话中是否存在未读消息。然后,我们通过 `user_id` 字段来判定该消息是否属于「我」(指当前已验证用户)。
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注意,此查询过程假定对话中只有两个用户参与,它也仅仅适用于这种情况。另外,该设计也不很适用于需要显示未读消息数量的情况。如果需要显示未读消息的数量,我认为可以在 `participants` 表上添加一个`unread_messages_count` `INT` 字段,并在每次创建新消息的时候递增它,如果用户已读则重置该字段。
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接下来需要遍历每一条记录,通过扫描每一个存在的对话来建立一个对话切片(an slice of conversations)并在最后进行响应。
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### 找到单个对话
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端点 `/api/conversations/{conversationID}` 会根据 ID 对单个对话进行响应。
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```go
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func getConversation(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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ctx := r.Context()
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authUserID := ctx.Value(keyAuthUserID).(string)
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conversationID := way.Param(ctx, "conversationID")
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var conversation Conversation
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var otherParticipant User
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if err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
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SELECT
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IFNULL(auth_user.messages_read_at < messages.created_at, false) AS has_unread_messages,
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other_users.id,
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other_users.username,
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other_users.avatar_url
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FROM conversations
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LEFT JOIN messages ON conversations.last_message_id = messages.id
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INNER JOIN participants other_participants
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ON other_participants.conversation_id = conversations.id
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AND other_participants.user_id != $1
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INNER JOIN users other_users ON other_participants.user_id = other_users.id
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INNER JOIN participants auth_user
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ON auth_user.conversation_id = conversations.id
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AND auth_user.user_id = $1
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WHERE conversations.id = $2
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`, authUserID, conversationID).Scan(
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&conversation.HasUnreadMessages,
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&otherParticipant.ID,
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&otherParticipant.Username,
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&otherParticipant.AvatarURL,
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); err == sql.ErrNoRows {
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http.Error(w, "Conversation not found", http.StatusNotFound)
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return
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} else if err != nil {
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respondError(w, fmt.Errorf("could not query conversation: %v", err))
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return
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}
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conversation.ID = conversationID
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conversation.OtherParticipant = &otherParticipant
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respond(w, conversation, http.StatusOK)
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}
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```
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这里的查询与之前有点类似。尽管我们并不关心最后一条消息的显示问题,并因此忽略了与之相关的一些字段,但是我们需要根据这条消息来判断对话中是否存在未读消息。此时,我们使用 `LEFT JOIN` 来代替 `INNER JOIN`,因为 `last_message_id` 字段是 `NULLABLE`(可以为空)的;而其他情况下,我们无法得到任何记录。基于同样的理由,我们在 `has_unread_messages` 的比较中使用了 `IFNULL` 语句。最后,我们按 ID 进行过滤。
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如果查询没有返回任何记录,我们的响应会返回 `404 Not Found` 错误,否则响应将会返回 `200 OK` 以及找到的对话。
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* * *
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本篇帖子以创建了一些对话端点结束。
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在下一篇帖子中,我们将会看到如何创建并列出消息。
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|||
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|||
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[Souce Code][3]
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|||
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|||
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|||
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via: https://nicolasparada.netlify.com/posts/go-messenger-conversations/
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|||
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作者:[Nicolás Parada][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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译者:[PsiACE](https://github.com/PsiACE)
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|||
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://nicolasparada.netlify.com/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://linux.cn/article-11396-1.html
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[2]: https://linux.cn/article-11510-1.html
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[3]: https://github.com/nicolasparada/go-messenger-demo
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