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133 lines
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133 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
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Python 中的 Hello World 和字符串操作
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======
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开始之前，说一下本文中的[代码][1]和[视频][2]可以在我的 github 上找到。
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那么，让我们开始吧！如果你糊涂了，我建议你在单独的选项卡中打开下面的[视频][3]。
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[Python 的 Hello World 和字符串操作视频][2]
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#### ** 开始 (先决条件)
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在你的操作系统上安装 Anaconda（Python）。你可以从[官方网站][4]下载 anaconda 并自行安装，或者你可以按照以下这些 anaconda 安装教程进行安装。
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在 Windows 上安装 Anaconda： [链接[5]
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在 Mac 上安装 Anaconda： [链接][6]
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在 Ubuntu (Linux) 上安装 Anaconda：[链接][7]
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#### 打开一个 Jupyter Notebook
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打开你的终端（Mac）或命令行，并输入以下内容（[请参考视频中的 1:16 处][8]）来打开 Jupyter Notebook：
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```
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jupyter notebook
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```
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#### 打印语句/Hello World
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在 Jupyter 的单元格中输入以下内容并按下 **shift + 回车**来执行代码。
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```
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# This is a one line comment
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print('Hello World!')
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```
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![][9]
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打印输出 “Hello World!”
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#### 字符串和字符串操作
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字符串是 python 类的一种特殊类型。作为对象，在类中，你可以使用 .methodName() 来调用字符串对象的方法。字符串类在 python 中默认是可用的，所以你不需要 import 语句来使用字符串对象接口。
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```
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# Create a variable
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# Variables are used to store information to be referenced
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# and manipulated in a computer program.
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firstVariable = 'Hello World'
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print(firstVariable)
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```
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![][9]
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输出打印变量 firstVariable
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```
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# Explore what various string methods
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print(firstVariable.lower())
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print(firstVariable.upper())
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print(firstVariable.title())
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```
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使用 .lower()、.upper() 和 title() 方法输出
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```
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# Use the split method to convert your string into a list
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print(firstVariable.split(' '))
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```
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使用 split 方法输出（此例中以空格分隔）
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```
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# You can add strings together.
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a = "Fizz" + "Buzz"
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print(a)
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```
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字符串连接
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#### 查询方法的功能
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对于新程序员，他们经常问你如何知道每种方法的功能。Python 提供了两种方法来实现。
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1.（在不在 Jupyter Notebook 中都可用）使用 **help** 查询每个方法的功能。
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![][9]
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查询每个方法的功能
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2. (Jupyter Notebook exclusive) You can also look up what a method does by having a question mark after a method.
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2.（Jupyter Notebook 专用）你也可以通过在方法之后添加问号来查找方法的功能。
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```
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# To look up what each method does in jupyter (doesnt work outside of jupyter)
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firstVariable.lower?
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```
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在 Jupyter 中查找每个方法的功能
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#### 结束语
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如果你对本文或在[ YouTube 视频][2]的评论部分有任何疑问，请告诉我们。文章中的代码也可以在我的 [github][1] 上找到。本系列教程的第 2 部分是[简单的数学操作][10]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.codementor.io/mgalarny/python-hello-world-and-string-manipulation-gdgwd8ymp
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作者：[Michael][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.codementor.io/mgalarny
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[1]:https://github.com/mGalarnyk/Python_Tutorials/blob/master/Python_Basics/Intro/Python3Basics_Part1.ipynb
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[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqGjkNzzU4s
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[3]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kApPBm1YsqU
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[4]:https://www.continuum.io/downloads
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[5]:https://medium.com/@GalarnykMichael/install-python-on-windows-anaconda-c63c7c3d1444
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[6]:https://medium.com/@GalarnykMichael/install-python-on-mac-anaconda-ccd9f2014072
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[7]:https://medium.com/@GalarnykMichael/install-python-on-ubuntu-anaconda-65623042cb5a
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[8]:https://youtu.be/JqGjkNzzU4s?t=1m16s
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[9]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==
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[10]:https://medium.com/@GalarnykMichael/python-basics-2-simple-math-4ac7cc928738
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