2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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Shell脚本:使用rsync备份文件/目录
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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================================================================================
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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本文我们介绍一个shell脚本,用来使用rsync命令将你本地Linux机器上的文件/目录备份到远程Linux服务器上。使用该脚本会以交互的方式实施备份,你需要提供远程备份服务器的主机名/ip地址和文件夹位置。我们使用一个单独的列表文件,在这个文件中你需要列出要备份的文件/目录。我们添加了两个脚本,**第一个脚本**在每次拷贝完一个文件后询问密码(如果你启用了ssh密钥验证,那么就不会询问密码),而第二个脚本中,则只会提示一次输入密码。
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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我们打算备份bckup.txt,dataconfig.txt,docs和orcledb。
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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[root@Fedora21 tmp]# ls -l
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total 12
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-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 10:43 bckrsync.sh
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-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 10:44 bckup.txt
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-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 10:46 dataconfig.txt
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drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 10:45 docs
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drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 10:44 oracledb
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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bckup.txt文件包含了需要备份的文件/目录的详情
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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[root@Fedora21 tmp]# cat /tmp/bckup.txt
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/tmp/oracledb
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/tmp/dataconfig.txt
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/tmp/docs
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[root@Fedora21 tmp]#
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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### 脚本 1: ###
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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#!/bin/bash
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 将备份列表文件的路径保存到变量中
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 输入一个提示信息
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 检查是否输入了目标服务器,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 提示用户输入目标服务器地址并保存到变量
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束循环
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 检查是否输入了目标文件夹,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 提示用户输入目标文件夹并保存到变量
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束循环
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 逐行读取备份列表文件
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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for line in `cat $backupf`
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 对每一行都进行处理
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 显示要被复制的文件/文件夹名称
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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echo "Copying $line ... "
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 通过 rsync 复制文件/文件夹到目标位置
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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rsync -ar "$line" "$desthost":"$destpath"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 显示完成
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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echo "DONE"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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#### 运行带有输出结果的脚本 ####
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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[root@Fedora21 tmp]# ./bckrsync.sh
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Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync
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Destination backup Server : 104.*.*.41
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Destination Folder : /tmp
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Copying /tmp/oracledb ...
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The authenticity of host '104.*.*.41 (104.*.*.41)' can't be established.
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ECDSA key fingerprint is 96:11:61:17:7f:fa:......
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Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
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Warning: Permanently added '104.*.*.41' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
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root@104.*.*.41's password:
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DONE
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Copying /tmp/dataconfig.txt ...
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root@104.*.*.41's password:
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DONE
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Copying /tmp/docs ...
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root@104.*.*.41's password:
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DONE
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[root@Fedora21 tmp]#
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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### 脚本 2: ###
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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#!/bin/bash
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 将备份列表文件的路径保存到变量中
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 输入一个提示信息
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 检查是否输入了目标服务器,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 提示用户输入目标服务器地址并保存到变量
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束循环
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 检查是否输入了目标文件夹,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 提示用户输入目标文件夹并保存到变量
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束循环
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 检查是否输入了目标服务器密码,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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while [ x$password = "x" ]; do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 提示用户输入密码并保存到变量
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# 使用 -s 选项不回显输入的密码
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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read -sp "Password : " password
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束循环
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 逐行读取备份列表文件
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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for line in `cat $backupf`
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 对每一行都进行处理
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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do
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 显示要被复制的文件/文件夹名称
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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echo "Copying $line ... "
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 使用 expect 来在脚本中输入密码
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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/usr/bin/expect << EOD
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 推荐设置超时为 -1
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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set timeout -1
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 通过 rsync 复制文件/文件夹到目标位置,使用 expect 的组成部分 spawn 命令
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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spawn rsync -ar ${line} ${desthost}:${destpath}
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 上一行命令会等待 “password” 提示
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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expect "*?assword:*"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 在脚本中提供密码
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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send "${password}\r"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 等待文件结束符(远程服务器处理完了所有事情)
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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expect eof
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 结束 expect 脚本
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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EOD
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 显示结束
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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echo "DONE"
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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# 完成
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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done
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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#### 运行第二个带有输出结果的脚本的屏幕截图 ####
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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![rsync script](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/bckuprsync-script.png)
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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希望这些脚本对你备份会有帮助!!
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-shell-script/shell-script-backup-files-directories-rsync/
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作者:[Yevhen Duma][a]
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2015-05-21 10:16:17 +08:00
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译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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2015-06-25 10:17:08 +08:00
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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2015-05-21 08:11:46 +08:00
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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2015-05-21 09:00:53 +08:00
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/yevhend/
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