2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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zzupdate：单条命令升级 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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======
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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Ubuntu 18.04 版本已经发布，并得到各个社区的一致好评，因为 Ubuntu 18.04 可能是 Ubuntu 多年来最令人兴奋的版本。
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通常情况下，Ubuntu 及其衍生版可以使用命令从一个版本升级到最新版本或者其它版本，这也是官方推荐的升级方式。
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### Ubuntu 18.04 特性/亮点
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这次更新包含大量改进和新功能，这里只列举的几个主要的。如果您想要更详细的更新信息，请访问 [Ubuntu 18.04 官方][1] 页面。
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- 使用 Linux 4.15 内核，提供了从上游继承的新功能
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- 它具有最新版本的 GNOME 3.28
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- 它提供了与 RHEL 相似的最简安装选项，该选项可安装只包含一个 web 浏览器和核心系统程序的基本桌面环境
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- 对于新安装，交换文件将取代默认的交换分区
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- 您可以启用 Livepatch 安装内核更新而无需重新启动
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- 笔记本电脑在使用电池供电时会在无操作 20 分钟后自动待机
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- 不再提供 32 位的 Ubuntu 桌面安装程序映像
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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注意：
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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1. 不要忘记备份重要数据。如果升级出现问题，我们将重新安装并恢复数据。
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2. 安装所需时间取决于您的网络状况和安装的程序。
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### zzupdate 是什么？
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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我们可以只通过一条命令使用 [zzupdate][2] 工具中将 Ubuntu PC/Server 从一个版本升级到另一个版本。它是一个自由开源工具，使用它不需要任何脚本知识，因为它只需要配置文件即可运行。
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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工具中提供两个默认 shell 文件。`setup.sh` 自动安装、更新代码，将脚本转换为一个简单的 zzupdate shell 命令。`zzupdate.sh` 将执行版本间的升级。
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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### 如何安装 zzupdate？
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要安装 `zzupdate`，只需执行以下命令：
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate/master/setup.sh | sudo sh
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.
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.
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Installing...
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-------------
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Cloning into 'zzupdate'...
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remote: Counting objects: 57, done.
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remote: Total 57 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 57
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Unpacking objects: 100% (57/57), done.
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Checking connectivity... done.
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Already up-to-date.
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Setup completed!
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----------------
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See https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate for the quickstart guide.
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```
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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将 Ubuntu 系统从一个版本升级到另一个版本，您不需要输入很多命令，也不需要重新启动，只需要运行下面的 `zzupdate` 命令并坐下喝杯咖啡就可以了。
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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请注意，当您远程升级系统时，建议您使用以下的工具来帮助您在任何断开连接时重新连接会话。
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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建议阅读： [如何让一个进程/命令在 SSH 连接断开后继续运行][3]
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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### 如何配置 zzupdate（可选）
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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默认情况下，`zzupdate` 可以开箱即用，不需要配置任何东西。当然，如果您想要自己配置一些内容也是可以的。复制提供的示例配置文件 `zzupdate.default.conf` 到 `zzupdate.conf`，并在 `zzupdate.conf` 中配置您的首选项。
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo cp /usr/local/turbolab.it/zzupdate/zzupdate.default.conf /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf
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```
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打开文件，默认配置如下。
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo nano /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf
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REBOOT=1
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REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15
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VERSION_UPGRADE=1
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VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0
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COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1
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SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0
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```
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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* `REBOOT=1`：系统在更新完成后自动重启
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* `REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15`：重启的默认超时值
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* `VERSION_UPGRADE=1`：执行从一个版本到另一个版本的版本升级
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* `VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0`：禁用自动升级
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* `COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1`：自动升级
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* `SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0`：如果值为 `0`，将寻找相同种类的版本升级。例如您正在运行 LTS 的版本，那么将寻找 LTS 的版本升级，而不是用于正常版本升级。如果值为 `1`，那么无论您是运行 LTS 还是正常版本，都会查找最新版本
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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我现在正在使用 Ubuntu 17.10 ，查看一下详细信息。
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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$ cat /etc/*-release
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DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
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DISTRIB_RELEASE=17.10
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DISTRIB_CODENAME=artful
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DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 17.10"
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NAME="Ubuntu"
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VERSION="17.10 (Artful Aardvark)"
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ID=ubuntu
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ID_LIKE=debian
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PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 17.10"
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VERSION_ID="17.10"
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HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
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SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
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BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
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PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
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VERSION_CODENAME=artful
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UBUNTU_CODENAME=artful
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```
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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要升级 Ubuntu 到最新版本，只需要执行以下命令：
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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$ sudo zzupdate
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O===========================================================O
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zzupdate - Wed May 2 17:31:16 IST 2018
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O===========================================================O
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Self-update and update of other zzScript
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----------------------------------------
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0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Updating...
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----------
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Already up-to-date.
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Setup completed!
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----------------
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See https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate for the quickstart guide.
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Channel switching is disabled: using pre-existing setting
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---------------------------------------------------------
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Cleanup local cache
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-------------------
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Update available packages informations
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--------------------------------------
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Hit:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Ign:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
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Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease
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Hit:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit:5 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
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Hit:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease
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Hit:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease
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Hit:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/notepadqq-team/notepadqq/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu artful InRelease
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UPGRADE PACKAGES
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----------------
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Reading package lists...
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Building dependency tree...
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Reading state information...
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Calculating upgrade...
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The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
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Interactively upgrade to a new release, if any
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----------------------------------------------
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Reading cache
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Checking package manager
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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Ign http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
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Hit https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease
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Hit http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
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Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease
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Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease
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Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/notepadqq-team/notepadqq/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu artful InRelease
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Fetched 0 B in 6s (0 B/s)
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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```
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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我们需要按下回车键禁用第三方仓库以继续升级。
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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Updating repository information
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Third party sources disabled
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Some third party entries in your sources.list were disabled. You can
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re-enable them after the upgrade with the 'software-properties' tool
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or your package manager.
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To continue please press [ENTER]
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.
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Get:35 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [2,180 B]
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Get:36 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [1,644 B]
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Fetched 38.2 MB in 6s (1,276 kB/s)
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Checking package manager
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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Calculating the changes
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Calculating the changes
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```
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开始下载 `Ubuntu 18.04 LTS` 软件包，所需时间取决于您的网络状况，一般情况下这将需要几分钟。
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2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
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```
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Do you want to start the upgrade?
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63 installed packages are no longer supported by Canonical. You can
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still get support from the community.
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4 packages are going to be removed. 175 new packages are going to be
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installed. 1307 packages are going to be upgraded.
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You have to download a total of 999 M. This download will take about
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12 minutes with your connection.
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Installing the upgrade can take several hours. Once the download has
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finished, the process cannot be canceled.
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Continue [yN] Details [d]y
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Fetching
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Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 base-files amd64 10.1ubuntu2 [58.2 kB]
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Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 debianutils amd64 4.8.4 [85.7 kB]
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Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 bash amd64 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 [614 kB]
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Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 locales all 2.27-3ubuntu1 [3,612 kB]
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Get:1477 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 liblouisutdml-bin amd64 2.7.0-1 [9,588 B]
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Get:1478 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libtbb2 amd64 2017~U7-8 [110 kB]
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Get:1479 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libyajl2 amd64 2.1.0-2build1 [20.0 kB]
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Get:1480 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 usb-modeswitch amd64 2.5.2+repack0-2ubuntu1 [53.6 kB]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Get:1481 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 usb-modeswitch-data all 20170806-2 [30.7 kB]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Get:1482 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xbrlapi amd64 5.5-4ubuntu2 [61.8 kB]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fetched 999 MB in 6s (721 kB/s)
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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安装新软件包时，很少有服务需要重新启动。 点击 `Yes` 按钮，它会自动重启所需的服务。
|
2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
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|
2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
|
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|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upgrading
|
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|
|
|
Inhibiting until Ctrl+C is pressed...
|
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|
Preconfiguring packages ...
|
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|
|
Preconfiguring packages ...
|
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|
|
|
Preconfiguring packages ...
|
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|
|
|
|
Preconfiguring packages ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Reading database ... 441375 files and directories currently installed.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preparing to unpack .../base-files_10.1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warning: Stopping motd-news.service, but it can still be activated by:
|
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|
|
motd-news.timer
|
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|
|
Unpacking base-files (10.1ubuntu2) over (9.6ubuntu102) ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Setting up base-files (10.1ubuntu2) ...
|
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|
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Installing new version of config file /etc/debian_version ...
|
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|
|
|
|
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue ...
|
|
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|
|
|
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue.net ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installing new version of config file /etc/lsb-release ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
motd-news.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Reading database ... 441376 files and directories currently installed.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress: [ 80%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
Progress: [ 85%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress: [ 90%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress: [ 95%]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
|
|
|
|
现在删除旧版的、系统不再需要的包。点击 `y` 以删除。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
Searching for obsolete software
|
|
|
|
|
|
ing package lists... 97%
|
|
|
|
|
|
ding package lists... 98%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading package lists... Done
|
|
|
|
|
|
Building dependency tree
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... Done
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... 23%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... 47%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... 71%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... 94%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... Done
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remove obsolete packages?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 packages are going to be removed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continue [yN] Details [d]y
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
|
|
Removing perlmagick (8:6.9.7.4+dfsg-16ubuntu6) ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Removing snapd-login-service (1.23-0ubuntu1) ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1) ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
|
|
|
|
升级成功，需要重启系统。点击 `y` 以重启系统。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
System upgrade is complete.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restart required
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To finish the upgrade, a restart is required.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you select 'y' the system will be restarted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continue [yN]y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
|
|
|
|
注意： 少数情况下，会要求您确认配置文件替换以继续安装。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
查看升级后的系统详情：
|
2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat /etc/*-release
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAME="Ubuntu"
|
|
|
|
|
|
VERSION="18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
|
|
|
|
|
|
ID=ubuntu
|
|
|
|
|
|
ID_LIKE=debian
|
|
|
|
|
|
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"
|
|
|
|
|
|
VERSION_ID="18.04"
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
|
|
|
|
|
|
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
|
|
|
|
|
|
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
|
|
|
|
|
|
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/zzupdate-single-command-to-upgrade-ubuntu-18-04/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作者：[PRAKASH SUBRAMANIAN][a]
|
|
|
|
|
|
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
|
|
|
|
|
译者：[XiatianSummer](https://github.com/XiatianSummer)
|
2018-05-27 07:19:43 +08:00
|
|
|
|
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
2018-05-10 16:15:19 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes
|
|
|
|
|
|
[2]:https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate
|
|
|
|
|
|
[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-keep-a-process-command-running-after-disconnecting-ssh-session/
|
