mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
310 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
310 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
|
Linux sheel 贴士和技巧
|
|||
|
================================================================================
|
|||
|
我日常使用Linux shell(Bash),但是我经常忘记一些有用的命令或者shell技巧。是的,我能记住一些命令但是我不能说只在特定的任务上使用一次。那么我就开始在我的Dropbox账号里用文本文件写下这些Linux shell的贴士,现在我决定共享它。这个表我以后还会更新。记住,这里的一些贴士需要在你的Linux发行版上安装额外的软件。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
在bash中检查远程端口是否打开:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
echo >/dev/tcp/8.8.8.8/53 && echo "open"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
终止进程:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Ctrl + z
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
将进程移到前台:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fg
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
生成随机16进制数字,n是字符的数量:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
openssl rand -hex n
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
在当前shell中从一个文件中执行命令:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
source /home/user/file.name
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
提取前5个字符的字串:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
${variable:0:5}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SSH调试模式:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ssh -vvv user@ip_address
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
带pem key的SSH
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ssh user@ip_address -i key.pem
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
用wget获取完整目录列表到本地目录:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
wget -r --no-parent --reject "index.html*" http://hostname/ -P /home/user/dirs
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
创建多个目录:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
mkdir -p /home/user/{test,test1,test2}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
列出带子进程的进程树:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ps axwef
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
创建war文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
jar -cvf name.war file
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
测试磁盘写速度:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/output.img bs=8k count=256k conv=fdatasync; rm -rf /tmp/output.img
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
测试磁盘读速度:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
从文本中获取md5值:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
echo -n "text" | md5sum
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
检测xml语法:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
xmllint --noout file.xml
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
在新的目录中提取tar.gz文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar zxvf package.tar.gz -C new_dir
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
用curl获取HTTP头:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
curl -I http://www.example.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
修改一些文件或目录的时间戳 (YYMMDDhhmm):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
touch -t 0712250000 file
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
使用wget从ftp下载:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
wget -m ftp://username:password@hostname
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
生成随机密码 (本例中16位字符长):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LANG=c < /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c${1:-16};echo;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
快速创建一个文件的备份:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
cp some_file_name{,.bkp}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
访问Windows共享:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
smbclient -U "DOMAIN\user" //dc.domain.com/share/test/dir
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
在历史中运行命令 (这里在第100行):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
!100
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
unzip到目录中:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
unzip package_name.zip -d dir_name
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
多行文字 (按 CTRL + d 退出):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
cat > test.txt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
创建空白的文件或者已存在的文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> test.txt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
从Ubuntu NTP服务器上更新日期:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
netstat 显示所有tcp4监听的端口:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
netstat -lnt4 | awk '{print $4}' | cut -f2 -d: | grep -o '[0-9]*'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
将qcow2图像转化成raw:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw precise-server-cloudimg-amd64-disk1.img \
|
|||
|
precise-server-cloudimg-amd64-disk1.raw
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
重复运行命令,显示它的输出 (默认2s刷新):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
watch ps -ef
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
显示所有用户:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
getent passwd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
以读写模式挂载root:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
mount -o remount,rw /
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
挂在目录 (适合于符号链接不成功的情况下):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
mount --bind /source /destination
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
发送动态更新给DNS:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
nsupdate < <EOF
|
|||
|
update add $HOST 86400 A $IP
|
|||
|
send
|
|||
|
EOF
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
递归grep所有目录
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
grep -r "some_text" /path/to/dir
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
列出10个最大的已打开的文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
lsof / | awk '{ if($7 > 1048576) print $7/1048576 "MB "$9 }' | sort -n -u | tail
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
以MB显示空余内存:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
free -m | grep cache | awk '/[0-9]/{ print $4" MB" }'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
打开vim并跳转到文件最后:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
vim + some_file_name
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git clone特定branch (master):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git clone git@github.com:name/app.git -b master
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git切换到另外一个branch (develop):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git checkout develop
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git删除一个branch(myfeature):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git branch -d myfeature
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Git删除一个远程branch:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git push origin :branchName
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Git push 新的branch到远程:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git push -u origin mynewfeature
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
打印history中最后的cat命令
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
!cat:p
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
运行history中的最后的cat命令:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
!cat
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
找出在/home/user中的所有空子目录:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
find /home/user -maxdepth 1 -type d -empty
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
得到test.txt中50到60行的文本:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
< test.txt sed -n '50,60p'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
运行最后的命令 (如果是: mkdir /root/test, 下面会运行: sudo mkdir /root/test):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
sudo !!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
创建临时RAM文件系统 - ramdisk (首先创建在 /tmpram 目录):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmpram -o size=512m
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Grep完整单词:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
grep -w "name" test.txt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
需要特权模式在一个文件后追加文本:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
echo "some text" | sudo tee -a /path/file
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
列出所有的kill信号:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
kill -l
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
生成随机密码 (本例中16个字符长):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
openssl rand -base64 16
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
在bash历史中不记录最后的会话:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
kill -9 $$
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
扫描网络找出打开的端口:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
nmap -p 8081 172.20.0.0/16
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
设置git email:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git config --global user.email "me@example.com"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
如果你有未提交的commit,与master同步:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
git pull --rebase origin master
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
将文件中含有txt的所有文件移动到/home/user:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
find -iname "*txt*" -exec mv -v {} /home/user \;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
一行行合并文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
paste test.txt test1.txt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
shell中的进度条:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
pv data.log
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
用netcat发送数据给服务器:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
echo "hosts.sampleHost 10 `date +%s`" | nc 192.168.200.2 3000
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
转换tab到空格:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
expand test.txt > test1.txt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
跳过bash历史:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
< <space>>cmd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
回到先前的工作目录:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
cd -
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
切割大的tar.gz文件 (每个 100MB) 并还原:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
split –b 100m /path/to/large/archive /path/to/output/files
|
|||
|
cat files* > archive
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
用curl获取HTTP状态值:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
curl -sL -w "%{http_code}\\n" www.example.com -o /dev/null
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
当 Ctrl + c 没用时:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Ctrl + \
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
获取文件所有者:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
stat -c %U file.txt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
列出块设备:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
lsblk -f
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
找出末尾空格的文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
find . -type f -exec egrep -l " +$" "{}" \;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
找出用tab缩进的文件:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
find . -type f -exec egrep -l $'\t' "{}" \;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
用"="打印水平行
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
printf '%100s\n' | tr ' ' =
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
**更新: 2013年11月25日**
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
via: http://www.techbar.me/linux-shell-tips/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|