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91 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
91 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Cleaning up with apt-get)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3453032/cleaning-up-with-apt-get.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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使用 apt-get 清理
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======
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大多数使用基于 Debian 的系统的人通常会使用 apt-get 来安装软件包和升级，但是我们多久才清理？让我们看下工具本身的一些清理选项。
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[Félix Prado Modified by IDG Comm.][1] [(CC0)][2]
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在基于 Debian 的系统上运行 **apt-get** 命令是很常规的。软件包的更新相当频繁，诸 如 **apt-get update** 和 **apt-get upgrade** 之类的命令使此过程非常容易。另一方面，你多久使用一次 **apt-get clean**，**apt-get autoclean** 或 **apt-get autoremove**？
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这些命令会在 apt-get 的安装操作后清理并删除仍在系统上但不再需要的文件，这通常是因为需要它们的程序已经卸载。
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[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][3]
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### apt-get clean
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apt-get clean 命令清除遗留在 **/var/cache** 中的已检索包文件的本地仓库。它清除的目录是 **/var/cache/apt/archives/** 和 **/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/**。它留在 **/var/cache/apt/archives** 中的唯一文件是 **lock** 文件和 **partial** 子目录。
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在运行清理操作之前，目录中可能包含许多文件：
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```
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/var/cache/apt/archives/db5.3-util_5.3.28+dfsg1-0.6ubuntu1_amd64.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/db-util_1%3a5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2_all.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
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/var/cache/apt/archives/postfix_3.4.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/sasl2-bin_2.1.27+dfsg-1build3_amd64.deb
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```
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之后，只会存在这些：
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```
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$ sudo ls -lR /var/cache/apt/archives
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/var/cache/apt/archives:
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total 4
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Jan 5 2018 lock
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drwx------ 2 _apt root 4096 Nov 12 07:24 partial
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/var/cache/apt/archives/partial:
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total 0 <== 空
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```
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**apt-get clean** 命令通常用于根据需要清除磁盘空间，通常作为定期计划维护的一部分。
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### apt-get autoclean
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**apt-get autoclean** 类似于 **apt-get clean**，它会清除已检索包文件的本地仓库，但它只会删除不会再下载且几乎无用的文件。它有助于防止缓存过大
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### apt-get autoremove
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**autoremove** 选项将删除自动安装的软件包，因为某些其他软件包需要它们，但是在删除了其他软件包之后，而不再需要它们。有时会在升级时建议运行此命令。
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```
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The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
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g++-8 gir1.2-mutter-4 libapache2-mod-php7.2 libcrystalhd3
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libdouble-conversion1 libgnome-desktop-3-17 libigdgmm5 libisl19 libllvm8
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liblouisutdml8 libmutter-4-0 libmysqlclient20 libpoppler85 libstdc++-8-dev
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libtagc0 libvpx5 libx265-165 php7.2 php7.2-cli php7.2-common php7.2-json
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php7.2-opcache php7.2-readline
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. <==
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```
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要删除的软件包通常称为“未使用的依赖项”。实际上，一个好的做法是在卸载软件包后使用 **autoremove**，以确保不会留下不需要的文件。
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加入 [Facebook][5] 和 [LinkedIn][6] 上的 Network World 社区，以评论最重要的话题。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3453032/cleaning-up-with-apt-get.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://unsplash.com/photos/nbKaLT4cmRM
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[2]: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
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[5]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[6]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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