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TranslateProject/sources/tech/20140911 Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands.md

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Update 20140911 Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands.md
2014-09-13 09:49:01 +08:00
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2014-09-11 15:29:01 +08:00
Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands
================================================================================
This is our on-going series of commands and performance monitoring in **Linux**. **Vmstat** and **Iostat** both commands are available on all major **Unix-like (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris)** Operating Systems.
If **vmstat** and **iostat** commands are not available on your box, please install **sysstat** package. The **vmstat**, **sar** and **iostat** commands are the collection of package included in **sysstat** – the system monitoring tools. The iostat generates reports of **CPU** & all device statistics. You may download and install **sysstat** using source tarball from link [sysstat][1], but we recommend installing through **YUM** command.
![Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Linux-VmStat-Iostat-Commands.png)
Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat
### Install Sysstat in Linux ###
# yum -y install sysstat
- **vmstat** – Summary information of Memory, Processes, Paging etc.
- **iostat** – Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
### 6 Vmstat Command Examples in Linux ###
#### 1. List Active and Inactive Memory ####
In the below example, there are six columns. The significant of the columns are explained in man page of **vmstat** in details. Most important fields are **free** under memory and **si**, **so** under swap column.
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -a
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
- **Free** – Amount of free/idle memory spaces.
- **si** – Swaped in every second from disk in Kilo Bytes.
- **so** – Swaped out every second to disk in Kilo Bytes.
**Note**: If you run **vmstat** without parameters it’ll displays summary report since system boot.
#### 2. Execute vmstat ‘X’ seconds and (‘N’number of times) ####
With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically after executing six intervals.
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat 2 6
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 810420 22064 101368 0 0 56 3 50 57 0 3 95 2 0
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 16 35 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 14 35 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 38 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
#### 3. Vmstat with timestamps ####
**vmstat** command with **-t** parameter shows timestamps with every line printed as shown below.
[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp---
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 70 5 55 78 1 3 95 1 0 2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST
1 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 171 514 1 5 94 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST
1 0 0 631904 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 195 600 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST
0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST
1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
#### 4. Statistics of Various Counter ####
**vmstat** command and -s switch displays summary of various event counters and memory statistics.
[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -s
1030800 total memory
524656 used memory
277784 active memory
185920 inactive memory
506144 free memory
26864 buffer memory
310104 swap cache
2064376 total swap
0 used swap
2064376 free swap
4539 non-nice user cpu ticks
0 nice user cpu ticks
11569 system cpu ticks
329608 idle cpu ticks
5012 IO-wait cpu ticks
79 IRQ cpu ticks
74 softirq cpu ticks
0 stolen cpu ticks
336038 pages paged in
67945 pages paged out
0 pages swapped in
0 pages swapped out
258526 interrupts
392439 CPU context switches
1346574857 boot time
2309 forks
#### 5. Disks Statistics ####
**vmstat** with **-d** option display all disks statistics.
[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -d
disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec
ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sda 7712 5145 668732 409619 3282 28884 257402 644566 0 126
dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126
dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2
#### 6. Display Statistics in Megabytes ####
The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Uppercase & megabytes). By default **vmstat** displays statistics in kilobytes.
[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -S M 1 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 95 8 42 55 0 2 96 2 0
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 32 62 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
### 6 Iostat Command Examples in Linux ###
#### 7. Display CPU and I/O statistics ####
**iostat** without arguments displays **CPU** and **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown below.
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.01 1.54 2.08 0.00 96.24
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.59 161.02 13.48 1086002 90882
dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864
dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
#### 8. Shows only CPU Statistics ####
**iostat** with **-c** arguments displays only **CPU** statistics as shown below.
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -c
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42
#### 9. Shows only Disks I/O Statistics ####
**iostat** with **-d** arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown.
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -d
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.35 149.81 12.66 1086002 91746
dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728
dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
#### 10. Shows I/O statistics only of a single device. ####
By default it displays statistics of all partitions, with **-p** and device name arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics for specific device only as shown.
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -p sda
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.11 0.01 1.44 1.92 0.00 96.52
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.32 148.52 12.55 1086002 91770
sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18
sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752
#### 11. Display LVM Statistics ####
With **-N** (Uppercase) parameter displays only **LVM** statistics as shown.
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -N
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (tecmint.com) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.11 0.01 1.39 1.85 0.00 96.64
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.20 142.84 12.16 1086002 92466
vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448
vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0
#### 12. iostat version. ####
With **-V** (Uppercase) parameter displays version of **iostat** as shown.
[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -V
sysstat version 9.0.4
(C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
**Note**: **vmstat** and **iostat** contains number of columns and flags which may not possible to explain in details. If you want to know more about it you may refer man page of **vmstat** and **iostat**. Please share it if you find this article is useful through our comment box below.
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Update 20140911 Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands.md
2014-09-13 09:49:01 +08:00
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