TranslateProject/sources/tech/20190518 Best Linux Distributions for Beginners.md

201 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
Raw Normal View History

[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Best Linux Distributions for Beginners)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/)
[#]: author: (Aquil Roshan https://itsfoss.com/author/aquil/)
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
最适合于初学者的 Linux 发行版
======
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
> 在本文中,我们将看到**最适合于初学者的 Linux 发行版**。这将有助于新 Linux 用户选择他们的第一个发行版。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
让我们面对现实,[Linux][1] 可能会给新用户带来巨大复杂性。但是,这并不是 Linux 本身带来了这种复杂性。相反,它是导致这种情况的“新奇”因素。并不是怀旧,但我记得第一次使用 Linux 时,我甚至不知道会发生什么。我喜欢它,但最初这对我来说像是逆流游泳一样。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
不知道从何处着手可能是一个令人沮丧的原因,特别是对于那些在 PC 上运行 Windows 之外的其它系统没有概念的人来说如此。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Linux 不仅仅是一个操作系统,而是一个理念:在这里大家共同成长,也适合于每个人的不同需要。我们已经介绍过:
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
* [Windows 用户的最佳 Linux 发行版][2]
* [最佳轻量级 Linux 发行版][3]
* [黑客攻击的最佳 Linux 发行版][4]
* [最佳 Linux 游戏发行版][5]
* [隐私和匿名的最佳 Linux 发行版][6]
* [看起来像 MacOS 的最佳 Linux 发行版][7]
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
除此之外,还有一些发行版能够满足新人的需求。这里有一些适合初学者的 Linux 发行版。你也可以在视频中观看并[订阅我们的 YouTube 频道][8]以获取更多与 Linux 相关的视频。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
[视频](https://youtu.be/QC2B2-gCbbI)
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
### 最适合于初学者的 Linux 发行版
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
请记住,此列表没有特别的顺序。编制此列表的主要标准是易于安装、开箱即用的硬件和软件、易用性和软件包的可用性。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
#### 1、Ubuntu
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
如果你在互联网上研究过 Linux那么你很可能遇到过 Ubuntu。Ubuntu 是领先的 Linux 发行版之一。 它也是开始 Linux 之旅的完美之选。
![][9]
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Ubuntu 被视为人性化的 Linux这是因为 Ubuntu 在通用可用性上付出了很多努力。Ubuntu 并不要求你用技术的方式去使用它。它打破了 “Linux = 命令行麻烦”这一概念。这是 Ubuntu 飙升到今天的主要优势之一。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Ubuntu 提供了非常方便的安装程序。这个安装程序以简单的英语(或你想要的任何主要语言)描述安装过程。你甚至可以在实际执行安装过程之前尝试使用 Ubuntu。安装程序提供了简单的选项
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
* 删除旧操作系统安装 Ubuntu。
* 安装 Ubuntu与 Windows 或任何其他现有操作系统[共存][10](每次启动时都会选择要启动的操作系统)。
* 让高级用户自行配置分区。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
*初学者提示:如果你不确定该怎么做,请选择第二个选项。*
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Ubuntu 的用户界面名为 GNOME。它既简单又富有成效。你可以通过按 Windows 键搜索从应用程序到文件的任何内容。有什么比这更简单的吗?
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
没有驱动程序安装问题,因为 Ubuntu 附带了一个硬件检测器,可以检测、下载和安装适用于你的 PC 的最佳驱动程序。此外,安装会附带所有基本软件,如音乐播放器、视频播放器、办公套件和一些消磨时间的游戏。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Ubuntu 有很好的文档和社区支持。[Ubuntu 论坛][11]和 [Ask Ubuntu][12] 几乎在 Ubuntu 的所有方面都提供了可观的高质量支持。你有的一些问题很有可能已经回答过了,这些答案是适合初学者的。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
请在[官方网站][13]查看并下载 [Ubuntu][13]。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
#### 2、Linux Mint Cinnamon
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
多年来Linux Mint 一直是 [Distrowatch][14] 上的**头号** Linux 发行版。我必须说当之无愧的宝座。Linux Mint 是我个人的最爱之一。它优雅、秀气,提供了卓越的计算体验(开箱即用)。
![][15]
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Linux Mint 具有 Cinnamon 桌面环境。仍处于熟悉 Linux 软件的 Linux 新用户会发现 Cinnamon 非常有用。所有软件都非常易于按类别分组。虽然这不是一个令人兴奋的功能,但对于不了解 Linux 软件名称的新用户来说,这是一个巨大的好处。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Linux Mint 很快。在旧电脑上运行良好。Linux Mint 建立在坚如磐石的 Ubuntu 基础之上。它使用与 Ubuntu 相同的软件存储库。关于 Ubuntu 软件存储库Ubuntu 推送的软件仅供广泛测试后使用。这意味着用户不必处理一些新软件容易出现的意外崩溃和故障,对于新的 Linux 用户来说这可能是一个真正的禁忌。
![][17]
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
Windows 7 爱好者如果真的没有升级到微软 Windows 10 的话,那将会发现 Linux Mint 的可爱。 Linux Mint 桌面非常类似于 Windows 7 桌面。类似的工具栏、类似的菜单、类似的托盘图标都绝对会使 Windows 用户感到十分熟悉。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
就个人而言,我更倾向于向 Linux 世界的新人推荐 Linux Mint因为 Linux Mint 确实给用户留下了足够的印象会让他们接受它。对我来说Linux Mint 应该是面向初学者的 Linux 列表中的首位。
2019-07-24 11:14:24 +08:00
请在这里查看 [Linux Mint][18],看看 Cinnamon 版。
#### 3\. Zorin OS
A majority of computer users are Windows users. And when a [Windows user gets a Linux][2], theres a fair amount of unlearning process that user must go through. A huge amount of operations have been fixed in our muscle memory. For example, the mouse reaching to the lower left corner of the screen (Start) everytime you want to launch an application. So if we could find something that eases these issues on Linux, its half a battle won. Enter Zorin OS.
![][19]
Zorin OS is an Ubuntu-based, highly polished Linux distribution, entirely made for Windows refugees. Although pretty much every Linux distro is usable by everybody, some people might tend to be reluctant when the desktop looks too alien. Zorin OS dodges past this obstacle because of its similarities with Windows appearance wise.
Package managers are something of a new concept to Linux newcomers. Thats why Zorin OS comes with a huge (I mean really huge) list of pre-installed software. Anything you need, theres good chance its already installed on Zorin OS. As if that was not enough, [Wine and PlayOnLinux][20] come pre-installed so you can run your loved Windows software and [games][21] here too.
![][22]
Zorin OS comes with an amazing theme engine called the Zorin look changer. It offers some heavy customization options with presets to make your OS look like Windows 7, XP, 2000 or even a Mac for that matter. Youre going to feel home.
![][23]
These features make Zorin OS the _**best Linux distro for beginners**_ , isnt it? Do check out the [Zorin OS website][24] to know more and download the OS.
#### 4\. Elementary OS
Since we have taken a look at Linux distros for Windows users, lets swing by something for MacOS users too. Elementary OS very quickly rose to fame and now is always included in the list of top distros, all thanks to its aesthetic essence. Inspired by MacOS looks, Elementary OS is one of the most beautiful Linux distros.
![][25]
Elementary OS is another Ubuntu-based operating system which means the operating system itself is unquestionably stable. Elementary OS features the Pantheon desktop environment. You can immediately notice the resemblance to MacOS desktop. This is an advantage to MacOS users switching to Linux as they will much comfortable with the desktop and this really eases the process of coping to this change.
![][26]
The menu is simple and customizable according to user preferences. The operating system is zero intrusive so you can really focus on your work. It comes with a very small number of pre-installed software. So, any new user will not be repulsed by huge bloat. But hey, its got everything you need out of the box. For more software, Elementary OS provides a neat AppCenter. It is highly accessible and simple. Everything at one place. You can get all the software you want and perform upgrades in clicks.
[][27]
Suggested read How to Install and Use Slack in Linux
Experience wise, [Elementary OS][28] is really a great piece of software. Definitely give [it a try.][28]
#### 5\. Linux Mint Mate
A good number of people who come to Linux are looking to revive older computers. With Windows 10, many computers that had decent specs just some years ago have become incompetent. A quick google will suggest you install Linux on such computers. In that way, you can keep them running up to the mark for the near future. Linux Mint Mate is a great Linux distro if you are looking for something to run your older computers.
![][29]
Linux Mint Mate is very light, resource efficient but still a polished distro. It can run smoothly on computers with less muscle power. The desktop environment does not come with bells and jingles. But in no way is it functionally inferior to any other desktop environments. The operating system is non-intrusive and allows you to have a productive computing experience without getting in your way.
Again, the Linux Mint Mate is based on Ubuntu and has the advantage of huge base solid Ubuntu software repository. It comes with a minimum number of necessities pre-installed. Easy driver installation and setting management are made available.
You can run Linux Mint Mate even if you have 512 MB RAM and 9 GB hard disk space (the more the merrier).
The Mate desktop environment is really simple to use with no twists in the tale. This is really a huge plus point for Linux beginners. All the more reason to [try out Linux Mint Mate][30].
#### 6\. Manjaro Linux
Ok. Any long time Linux user will say guiding a newcomer even in the general direction of Arch Linux is a sin. But hear me out.
Arch is considered experts-only Linux because of its highly complex installation procedure. Manajro and Arch Linux have a common origin. But they differ extensively in everything else.
![][31]
Manajro Linux has an extremely beginner friendly installation procedure. A lot of things are automated like driver installation using Hardware detection. Manjaro hugely negates the hardware driver hassles that torments a lot of other Linux distros. And even if you face any issues, Manjaro has an amazing community support.
Manjaro has its own software repository which maintains the latest of software. While providing up to date software to users is a priority, guaranteed stability is not at all compromised. This is one of the prime differences between Arch and Manjaro. Manjaro delays package releases to make sure they are absolutely stable and no regression will be caused. You can also access the Arch User Repository on Manjaro, so anything and everything you need, is always available.
If you want to know more about Manjaro features, do read my colleague [Johns experience with Manjaro Linux and why he is hooked][32] to it.
![][33]
Manjaro Linux comes in XFCE, KDE, Gnome, Cinnamon and a host of more desktop environments. Do check out the [official website][34].
To install any of the above 6 operating systems, you need to create a bootable USB stick. If you are currently using Windows [use this guide to do so][35]. Mac OS users may [follow this guide][36].
**Your choice for the best Linux distro for beginners?**
Linux might come with a learning curve, but thats not something anybody ever regretted. Go ahead get an ISO and check out Linux. If you are already a Linux user, do share this article and help someone fall in love with Linux in this season of love. Cheers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/
作者:[Aquil Roshan][a]
选题:[lujun9972][b]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/aquil/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.linux.com/what-is-linux
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/windows-like-linux-distributions/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-hacking-penetration-testing/
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-distributions/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/privacy-focused-linux-distributions/
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/macos-like-linux-distros/
[8]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ubuntu-18-04-desktop.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/
[11]: https://ubuntuforums.org/
[12]: http://askubuntu.com/
[13]: https://www.ubuntu.com/
[14]: https://distrowatch.com/
[15]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/LM_Home.jpg?ssl=1
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/install-visual-studio-code-ubuntu/
[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/LM_SS.jpg?ssl=1
[18]: https://linuxmint.com/
[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Zorin.jpg?ssl=1
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/use-windows-applications-linux/
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-guide/
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Zorin-office.jpg?ssl=1
[23]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/OSX.jpg?ssl=1
[24]: https://zorinos.com/
[25]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Pantheon-Desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
[26]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Application-Menu.jpg?ssl=1
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/slack-use-linux/
[28]: https://elementary.io/
[29]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/mate.jpg?ssl=1
[30]: http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3182
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/manajro.jpg?ssl=1
[32]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-manjaro-linux/
[33]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/manjaro-kde.jpg?ssl=1
[34]: https://manjaro.org/
[35]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows
[36]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-macos