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191 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
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为小白准备的重要 Docker 命令说明
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======
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在早先的教程中，我们学过了[在 RHEL\ CentOS 7 上安装 Docker 并创建 docker 容器 .][1] 在本教程中，我们会学习管理 docker 容器的其他命令。
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### Docker 命令语法
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```
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$ docker [option] [command] [arguments]
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```
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要列出 docker 支持的所有命令，运行
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```
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$ docker
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```
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我们会看到如下结果，
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```
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attach Attach to a running container
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build Build an image from a Dockerfile
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commit Create a new image from a container's changes
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cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
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create Create a new container
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diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
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events Get real time events from the server
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exec Run a command in a running container
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export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
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history Show the history of an image
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images List images
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import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
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info Display system-wide information
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inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
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kill Kill a running container
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load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
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login Log in to a Docker registry
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logout Log out from a Docker registry
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logs Fetch the logs of a container
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network Manage Docker networks
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pause Pause all processes within a container
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port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
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ps List containers
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pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
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push Push an image or a repository to a registry
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rename Rename a container
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restart Restart a container
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rm Remove one or more containers
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rmi Remove one or more images
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run Run a command in a new container
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save Save one or more images to a tar archive
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search Search the Docker Hub for images
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start Start one or more stopped containers
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stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
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stop Stop a running container
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tag Tag an image into a repository
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top Display the running processes of a container
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unpause Unpause all processes within a container
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update Update configuration of one or more containers
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version Show the Docker version information
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volume Manage Docker volumes
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wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
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```
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要进一步查看某个 command 支持的选项，运行
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```
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$ docker docker-subcommand info
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```
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就会列出 docker 子命令所支持的选项了。
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### 测试与 Docker Hub 的连接
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默认，所有镜像都是从 Docker Hub 中拉取下来的。我们可以从 Docker Hub 上传或下载操作系统镜像。为了检查我们是否能够正常地通过 Docker Hub 上传/下载镜像，运行
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```
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$ docker run hello-world
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```
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结果应该是，
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```
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Hello from Docker.
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This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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…
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```
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输出结果表示你可以访问 Docker Hub 而且也能从 Docker Hub 下载 docker 镜像。
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### 搜索镜像
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搜索容器的镜像，运行
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```
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$ docker search Ubuntu
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```
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我们应该会得到 age 可用的 Ubuntu 镜像的列表。记住，如果你想要的是官方的镜像，经检查 `official` 这一列上是否为 `[OK]`。
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### 下载镜像
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一旦搜索并找到了我们想要的镜像，我们可以运行下面语句来下载它，
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```
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$ docker pull Ubuntu
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```
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要查看所有已下载的镜像，运行
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```
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$ docker images
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```
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### 运行容器
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使用已下载镜像来运行容器，使用下面命令
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```
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$ docker run -it Ubuntu
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```
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这里，使用 '-it' 会打开一个 shell 与容器交互。容器启动并运行后，我们就可以像普通机器那样来使用它了，我们可以在容器中执行任何命令。
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### 显示所有的 docker 容器
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要列出所有 docker 容器，运行
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```
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$ docker ps
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```
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会输出一个容器列表，每个容器都有一个容器 id 标识。
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### 停止 docker 容器
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要停止 docker 容器，运行
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```
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$ docker stop container-id
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```
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### 从容器中退出
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要从容器中退出，执行
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```
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$ exit
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```
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### 保存容器状态
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容器运行并更改后后(比如安装了 apache 服务器)，我们可以保存容器状态。这会在本地系统上保存新创建镜像。
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运行下面语句来提交并保存容器状态
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```
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$ docker commit 85475ef774 repository/image_name
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```
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这里，**commit** 会保存容器状态
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**85475ef774**，是容器的容器 id，
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**repository**，通常为 docker hub 上的用户名 (或者新加的仓库名称)
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**image_name**，新镜像的名称
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我们还可以使用 `-m` 和 `-a` 来添加更多信息。通过 `-m`，我们可以留个信息说 apache 服务器已经安装好了，而 `-a` 可以添加作者名称。
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**像这样**
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```
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docker commit -m "apache server installed"-a "Dan Daniels" 85475ef774 daniels_dan/Cent_container
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```
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我们的教程至此就结束了，本教程讲解了一下 Docker 中的那些重要的命令，如有疑问，欢迎留言。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/important-docker-commands-beginners/
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作者：[Shusain][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/create-first-docker-container-beginners-guide/
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