2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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CentOS 7 上的 FirewallD 简明指南
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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============================================================
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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![](https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7.jpg)
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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FirewallD 是 CentOS 7 服务器上默认可用的防火墙管理工具。基本上,它是 iptables 的封装,有图形配置工具 firewall-config 和命令行工具 `firewall-cmd`。使用 iptables 服务,每次改动都要求刷新旧规则,并且从 `/etc/sysconfig/iptables` 读取新规则,然而 firewalld 只应用改动了的不同部分。
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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### FirewallD 的区域(zone)
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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FirewallD 使用服务(service) 和区域(zone)来代替 iptables 的规则(rule)和链(chain)。
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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默认情况下,有以下的区域(zone)可用:
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* **drop** – 丢弃所有传入的网络数据包并且无回应,只有传出网络连接可用。
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* **block** — 拒绝所有传入网络数据包并回应一条主机禁止的 ICMP 消息,只有传出网络连接可用。
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* **public** — 只接受被选择的传入网络连接,用于公共区域。
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* **external** — 用于启用了地址伪装的外部网络,只接受选定的传入网络连接。
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* **dmz** — DMZ 隔离区,外部受限地访问内部网络,只接受选定的传入网络连接。
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* **work** — 对于处在你工作区域内的计算机,只接受被选择的传入网络连接。
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* **home** — 对于处在你家庭区域内的计算机,只接受被选择的传入网络连接。
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* **internal** — 对于处在你内部网络的计算机,只接受被选择的传入网络连接。
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* **trusted** — 所有网络连接都接受。
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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要列出所有可用的区域,运行:
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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# firewall-cmd --get-zones
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work drop internal external trusted home dmz public block
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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列出默认的区域 :
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
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public
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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改变默认的区域 :
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=dmz
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# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
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dmz
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```
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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### FirewallD 服务
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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FirewallD 服务使用 XML 配置文件,记录了 firewalld 服务信息。
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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列出所有可用的服务:
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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# firewall-cmd --get-services
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amanda-client amanda-k5-client bacula bacula-client ceph ceph-mon dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client dns docker-registry dropbox-lansync freeipa-ldap freeipa-ldaps freeipa-replication ftp high-availability http https imap imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec iscsi-target kadmin kerberos kpasswd ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls mdns mosh mountd ms-wbt mysql nfs ntp openvpn pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3 pop3s postgresql privoxy proxy-dhcp ptp pulseaudio puppetmaster radius rpc-bind rsyncd samba samba-client sane smtp smtps snmp snmptrap squid ssh synergy syslog syslog-tls telnet tftp tftp-client tinc tor-socks transmission-client vdsm vnc-server wbem-https xmpp-bosh xmpp-client xmpp-local xmpp-server
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```
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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XML 配置文件存储在 `/usr/lib/firewalld/services/` 和 `/etc/firewalld/services/` 目录下。
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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### 用 FirewallD 配置你的防火墙
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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作为一个例子,假设你正在运行一个 web 服务器,SSH 服务端口为 7022 ,以及邮件服务,你可以利用 FirewallD 这样配置你的服务器:
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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首先设置默认区为 dmz。
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=dmz
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# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
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dmz
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```
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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为 dmz 区添加持久性的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 规则:
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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# firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=http --permanent
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# firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=https --permanent
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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开启端口 25 (SMTP) 和端口 465 (SMTPS) :
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=smtp --permanent
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firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=smtps --permanent
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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开启 IMAP、IMAPS、POP3 和 POP3S 端口:
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=imap --permanent
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firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=imaps --permanent
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firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=pop3 --permanent
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firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --add-service=pop3s --permanent
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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因为将 SSH 端口改到了 7022,所以要移除 ssh 服务(端口 22),开启端口 7022:
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```
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firewall-cmd --remove-service=ssh --permanent
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firewall-cmd --add-port=7022/tcp --permanent
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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要应用这些更改,我们需要重新加载防火墙:
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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最后可以列出这些规则:
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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```
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2017-03-21 15:41:49 +08:00
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# firewall-cmd –list-all
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dmz
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target: default
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icmp-block-inversion: no
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interfaces:
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sources:
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services: http https imap imaps pop3 pop3s smtp smtps
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ports: 7022/tcp
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protocols:
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masquerade: no
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forward-ports:
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sourceports:
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icmp-blocks:
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rich rules:
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```
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* * *
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2017-03-20 10:26:51 +08:00
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PS. 如果你喜欢这篇文章,请在下面留下一个回复。谢谢。
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7/
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译者简介:
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[Locez](http://locez.com) 是一个喜欢技术,喜欢折腾的 Linuxer,靠着对 Linux 的兴趣自学了很多 Linux 相关的知识,并且志在于为 Linux 在中国普及出一份力。
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作者:[rosehosting.com][a]
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译者:[Locez](https://github.com/locez)
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2017-03-17 15:25:23 +08:00
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校对:[jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng)
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2017-03-01 15:11:38 +08:00
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7/
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[1]:https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7/
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[2]:https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7/#comments
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[3]:https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/category/tips-and-tricks/
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[4]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7/
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[5]:http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/set-up-and-configure-a-firewall-with-firewalld-on-centos-7/&title=Set%20Up%20and%20Configure%20a%20Firewall%20with%20FirewallD%20on%20CentOS%207&summary=FirewallD%20is%20a%20firewall%20management%20tool%20available%20by%20default%20on%20CentOS%207%20servers.%20Basically,%20it%20is%20a%20wrapper%20around%20iptables%20and%20it%20comes%20with%20graphical%20configuration%20tool%20firewall-config%20and%20command%20line%20tool%20firewall-cmd.%20With%20the%20iptables%20service,%20every%20change%20requires%20flushing%20of%20the%20old%20rules%20and%20reading%20the%20new%20rules%20...
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[6]:https://www.rosehosting.com/linux-vps-hosting.html
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[7]:https://www.rosehosting.com/centos-vps.html
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