TranslateProject/sources/tech/20150427 15 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop.md

安装完Ubuntu 15.04桌面后要做的16件事
================================================================================
本教程适用于新手和在自己的电脑上安装好Ubuntu 15.04 “Vivid Vervet” 桌面之后为了自定义自己的系统并安装一些基本程序作为日常使用的已经做了一些准备的人。

![Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.04](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-15.04.jpeg)
安装完Ubuntu 15.04桌面后要做的15件事

### 1. 启用Ubuntu额外软件库并更新系统 ###

在刚装好Ubuntu之后你应该要关心的第一件事是启用官方合作伙伴提供的Ubuntu额外软件库并且通过最近一次的安全补丁和软件更新来保持系统是最新状态。

要完成这一步，依次从左边菜单中打开System Settings -> Software and Updates工具并检查所有Ubuntu软件和其他软件库（官方合作伙伴所提供），点击关闭按钮并等待重新加载缓存源树。

![Software Updates](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Software-Updates.jpg)
Software Updates

![Other Software (Canonical Partners)](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Other-Software.jpg)
Other Software (Canonical Partners)

经过一系列快速平滑的更新过程之后，打开终端并输入以下命令来让系统使用新软件库：

    $ sudo apt-get update
    $ sudo apt-get upgrade

![Ubuntu Upgrade](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Ubuntu-Upgrade.jpg)
Ubuntu Upgrade

### 2. 安装额外驱动 ###

为了能让系统扫描并安装额外的硬件专有驱动，我们依然从System Settings打开Software and Updates工具，选择Additional Drivers标签并等待该工具扫描驱动。

如果有驱动匹配到了你的硬件，查看你想要安装的驱动并点击Apply按钮来安装它，以防专有驱动没有如期工作，用Revert按钮就能卸载它们或勾选Do not use the device后点击Apply按钮。

![Install Drivers in Ubuntu](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-drivers.jpg)
Install Drivers

### 3. 安装Synaptic和Gdebi工具 ###

除了Ubuntu Software Center，Synaptic是一个apt图形化工具，通过它你能管理、安装、卸载、搜索和升级软件库并配置软件包。同样的，Gdebi在功能上也有相同的地方。在终端上输入以下命令来安装这两个包：

    $ sudo apt-get install synaptic gdebi

![Install Synaptic and Gdebi](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-synaptic-gdebi.jpg)
Install Synaptic and Gdebi

![Synaptic Package Manager](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/synaptic-package-manager.jpg)
Synaptic Package Manager

### 4. 更改系统外观和运行状态 ###

如果你想要更改桌面背景或图标大小，依次打开System Settings –> Appearance –> Look并对桌面进行个性化设置，把菜单移动到窗口标题栏，在Behavior标签中启动workspaces和desktop icons或开关auto-hide the Launcher。

![System Appearances](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/system-appearance.jpg)
System Appearances

### 5. 提升系统安全性和隐私性 ###

![System Security Enhancement](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/system-security-1.jpg)
System Security Enhancement

![System Security Options](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/system-security-2.jpg)
System Security Options

### 6. 禁用不需要开机自启动的应用程序 ###

要提高登录系统的速度，通过输入以下命令来显示被隐藏的开机启动应用程序，在Dash中搜索它就能打开Startup Applications工具并反选不需要再登录系统的过程中启动的程序。

    $ sudo sed -i ‘s/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g’ /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop

![Disable Unwanted Applications](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/disable-unwanted-applications.jpg)
Disable Unwanted Applications

### 7. 添加扩展多媒体支持 ###

默认情况下，Ubuntu对多媒体文件支持不是很好。为了能播放各种不同的多媒体格式或解析视频文件，可以安装以下多媒体应用程序：

- VLC
- Smplayer
- Audacious
- QMMP
- Mixxx
- XBMC
- Handbrake
- Openshot

用以下命令来一次性安装所有的这些应用程序：

    $ sudo apt-get install vlc smplayer audacious qmmp mixxx xbmc handbrake openshot

![Install Media Players](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-media-players.jpg)
Install Media Players

![Media Player Playlist](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/media-playllist.jpg)
Media Player Playlist

除了多媒体播放器，安装ubuntu-restricted-extras和Java支持包也可以解码并支持其它受约束的多媒体格式。

    $ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras openjdk-8-jdk

![Install Ubuntu Extras](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-ubuntu-extras.jpg)
Install Ubuntu Extras

在终端上输入以下命令来启用DVD Playback和其它多媒体解码器：

    $ sudo apt-get install ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad lame libavcodec-extra
    $ sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

![Enable Video Codes](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/enable-video-playbacks.jpg)
Enable Video Codes

### 8. 安装图像处理应用程序 ###

如果你是一个摄影爱好者，想在Ubuntu上处理调整图像，或许需要安装一下图像处理程序：

- GIMP (alternative for Adobe Photoshop)
- Darktable
- Rawtherapee
- Pinta
- Shotwell
- Inkscape (alternative for Adobe Illustrator)
- Digikam
- Cheese

这些应用程序能从Ubuntu Software Center中安装或者立刻在终端上使用以下命令：

    $ sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-plugin-registry gimp-data-extras darktable rawtherapee pinta shotwell inkscape

![Install Image Applications](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-image-applications.jpg)
Install Image Applications

![Rawtherapee Tool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rawtherapee.jpg)
Rawtherapee Tool

### 9. 安装媒体烧录软件 ###

如果要挂载ISO镜像或烧录一张CD或DVD，你可以选择并安装以下软件中的一款：

- Brasero Disk Burner
- K3b
- Xfburn
- Furius ISO Mount

    $ sudo apt-get install brasero
    $ sudo apt-get install k3b
    $ sudo apt-get install xfburn
    $ sudo apt-get install furiusisomount

![Install Media Burners](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-media-burners.jpg)
Install Media Burners

### 10. 安装压缩应用程序 ###

如果要处理大多数归档格式的文件(zip, tar.gz, zip, 7zip rar等等)，输入以下命令来安装这些包：

    $ sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller

![Install Archive Applications](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-archive-apps.jpg)
Install Archive Applications

### 11. 安装聊天应用程序 ###

如果你想要和世界各地的人们聊天，这里有一份最流行的Linux聊天应用程序列表：

- Pidgin
- Skype
- Xchat
- Telegram
- aMSN
- Viber

你可以从Ubuntu Software Center中安装它们或使用以下命令：

    $ sudo apt-get install pidgin
    $ sudo apt-get install skype
    $ sudo apt-get install xchat
    $ sudo apt-get install amsn
    $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/telegram -y
    $ sudo apt-get update
    $ sudo apt-get install telegram

![Install Chat Applications](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-chat-apps.jpg)
Install Chat Applications

想要在Ubuntu上安装Viber可以访问[Viber官方网站][1]下载Debian安装包到本地并用Gdebi包管理工具来安装viber.deb应用程序(右击 –> 打开 -> GDebi Package Installer).

![Install Viber in Ubuntu](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-viber.jpg)
Install Viber

### 12. 安装种子软件 ###

在Ubuntu最流行的种子应用程序和P2P文件共享程序是：

- Deluge
- Transmission
- Qbittorrent
- LinuxDC++

想要在Ubuntu上安装你最喜欢的P2P文件共享应用程序，可以在终端上输入以下命令：

    $ sudo apt-get install deluge
    $ sudo apt-get install transmission
    $ sudo apt-get install qbittorrent
    $ sudo apt-get install linuxdcpp

![Install Torrent](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-torrent.jpg)
Install Torrent

### 13. 安装Windows仿真器-Wine和游戏支持平台-Steam ###

Wine emulator allows you to install and run Windows applications on Linux. On the other hand, Steam is a popular gaming platform for Linux based systems developed by Valve. To install both of them on your machine issue the following command on Terminal or use Ubuntu Software Center.

    $ sudo apt-get install steam wine winetricks

![Install Wine](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-wine.jpg)
Install Wine

### 14. 安装Cairo-Dock并启用桌面视觉效果 ###

Cairo-Dock is a beautiful and flexible launcher bar for Linux desktops similar to the Mac OS X dock. To install it on Ubuntu, run the following command on Terminal.

    $ sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins 

![Install Cairo Dock](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-cairo-dock.jpg)
Install Cairo Dock

![Add Cairo Dock at Startup](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/add-cairo-dock-startup.jpg)
Add Cairo Dock at Startup

To enable a set of Desktop Effects, such as Cube effect, install Compiz package with the following command:

    $ sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra

To activate the Desktop Cube effect, search for ccsm on Dash, open CompizConfig Settings Manager, go to General Options – > Desktop Size and set Horizontal Virtual Size value to 4 and Vertical Virtual Size to 1. Then go back and check Desktop Cube (Disable Desktop Wall) and Rotate Cube boxes (Resolve Conflicts ->Disable Switch to Viewport 1) and press Ctrl+Alt+Left Mouse Click to view the cube effect.

![Enable Compiz](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/enable-compiz.jpg)
Enable Compiz

![Compiz Settings](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/compiz-settings.jpg)
Compiz Settings

![Compiz Settings Addons](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/compiz-settings-1.jpg)
Compiz Settings Addons

![Desktop Window Rotating](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/desktop-cube.jpg)
Desktop Window Rotating

### 15. 添加额外浏览器支持 ###

Ubuntu 15.04 comes by default with Mozilla Firefox Web Browser. To install other browsers such as Google Chrome or Opera, visit their official web pages, download the provided .deb packages and install them on your system using the Gdebi Package Installer.

![Enable Browser Support](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/enable-browser-support.jpg)
Enable Browser Support

![Opera Browser Support](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/opera.jpg)
Opera Browser Support

To install Chromium Open Source browser issue the following command on Terminal.

    $ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

### 16. 安装Tweak工具 ###

Want extra applications for customizing Ubuntu? Then install Unity Tweak Tool and Gnome Tweak Tool by issuing the following commands on Terminal.

    $ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool

![Install Tweak Tool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-tweak-tool.jpg)
Install Tweak Tool

![Tweak Tool Settings](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/tweak-settings.jpg)
Tweak Tool Settings

Another interesting tweak tool is represented by the Ubuntu Tweak package which can be obtained and installed by visiting the webpage: [http://ubuntu-tweak.com/][2].

![Tweak Tool: System Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/tweak-system-info.jpg)
Tweak Tool: System Information

After you have installed all this bunch of software, you might want to clean your system in order to free some space on the hard drive, by issuing the following commands:

    $ sudo apt-get -y autoremove 
    $ sudo apt-get -y autoclean 
    $ sudo apt-get -y clean

This are just a few tweaks and programs that an average user might install and use on Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop for daily basic utilization. For more advanced programs, features and utilities use Ubuntu Software Center or consult Ubuntu Wiki webpage.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

via: http://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-15-04-desktop/

作者：[Matei Cezar][a]
译者：[ZTinoZ](https://github.com/ZTinoZ)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
[1]:http://www.viber.com/en/products/linux
[2]:http://ubuntu-tweak.com/