2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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十个鲜为人知的Linux命令 - Part 5
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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================================================================================
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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在前四篇 **“鲜为人知的Linux命令”** 系列文章受到高度赞赏之后,我们将为广大读者呈上此系列的最后一篇文章,虽然是最后一篇,但是其重要性毫不逊于前几篇。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/10-Lesser-Known-Useful-Commands-V.png)
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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前几篇文章的地址如下:
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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- [11 Lesser Known Useful Linux Commands – Part I][1]
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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- [10 Lesser Known Linux Commands – Part II][2]
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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- [10 Lesser Known Commands for Linux – Part III][3]
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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- [10 Lesser Known Effective Linux Commands – Part IV][4]
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### 42. lsb_release ###
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2014-01-08 11:00:15 +08:00
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**‘lsb_release’** 命令会打印特殊发行版的信息。如果 **lsb_release** 还没安装,你可以在基于 **Debain** 的发行版中用命令 apt **‘lsb-core’** 安装,在基于 **Red Hat** 系统下用 yum **‘redhat-lsb’** 来安装包。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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# lsb_release -a
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LSB Version: :base-4.0-ia32:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-ia32:
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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Distributor ID: CentOS
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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Description: CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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Release: 6.3
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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Codename: Final
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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**注意:**选项‘**-a**‘,会显示有关**版本、ID、详情、发行号**和**研发代号**的全部可用信息。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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### 43. nc -zv localhost 80 ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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检查 **80** 端口是否被打开。我们可以用任何其他端口号替换‘**80**’来检查端口是否被打开或关闭。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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$ nc -zv localhost 80
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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Connection to localhost 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!(译注:出现该信息表示80端口已被打开。)
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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检查 **8080** 端口是否启用
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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$ nc -zv localhost 8080
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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nc: connect to localhost port 8080 (tcp) failed: Connection refused(译注:该信息显示了8080端口并未打开。)
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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### 44. curl inpinfo.io ###
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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该命令会输出并提供 **IP 地址** 的 **‘地理位置’** 。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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$ curl ipinfo.io
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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"ip": "xx.xx.xx.xx",
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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"hostname": "triband-del-aa.bbb.cc.ddd.bol.net.in",
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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"city": "null",
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"region": "null",
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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"country": "IN",
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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"loc": "20,77",
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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"org": "AS17813 Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd".
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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### 45. find . -user root ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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该命令会输出( **root** )用户所拥有的文件(译注:即owner为root)。下面是在当前目录下列出的所有 ‘root’用户拥有的文件。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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# find . -user root
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./.recently-used.xbel
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.mysql_history
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.aptitude
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.aptitude/config
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.aptitude/cache
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.bluefish
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.bluefish/session-2.0
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.bluefish/autosave
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.bash_history
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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在当前路径下列出所有 **‘avi’** 用户拥有的文件
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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# find . -user avi
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_002b66
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001719
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001262
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_000544
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_002e40
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_00119a
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_0014fc
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001b52
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_00198d
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_003680
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### 46. sudo apt-get build-dep ffmpeg ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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该命令会在相应的包安装时自动构建依赖关系。因此包安装的过程将非常流畅,也是非常容易的。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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# apt-get build-dep ffmpeg
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libxinerama-dev libxml-namespacesupport-perl libxml-sax-expat-perl
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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libxml-sax-perl libxml-simple-perl libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xulrunner-dev
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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The following packages will be upgraded:
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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libpixman-1-0
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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1 upgraded, 143 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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Need to get 205 MB of archives.
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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After this operation, 448 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
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### 47. lsof -iTCP:80 -sTCP:LISTEN ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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该命令会输出所用正在使用 **80** 端口的 **进程/服务** 的名称。为了更好的理解,在 **80** 端口运行下列命令,它会列出所用运行在该端口的 **进程/服务** 。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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root@localhost:/home/avi# lsof -iTCP:80 -sTCP:LISTEN
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COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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apache2 1566 root 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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apache2 1664 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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apache2 1665 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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apache2 1666 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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apache2 1667 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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apache2 1668 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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同样,你可以检查运行在端口 **22** 的进程/服务。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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root@localhost:/home/avi# lsof -iTCP:22 -sTCP:LISTEN
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COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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sshd 2261 root 3u IPv4 8366 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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sshd 2261 root 4u IPv6 8369 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
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### 48. find -size +100M ###
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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这条find命令会在当前目录下列出所有超过指定大小的文件(这里指定为**100 MB**),递归查询。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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# find -size +100M
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./.local/share/Trash/files/linuxmint-15-cinnamon-dvd-32bit.iso
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Downloads/Fedora-Live-Desktop-i686-19-1.iso
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Downloads/Ant Videos/shakira 2.avi
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Downloads/Deewar.avi
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV02224.AVI
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV02020.AVI
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV00406.MP4
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Desktop/squeeze.iso
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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在当前目录递归的列出所用大于 **1000 MB** 的文件。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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root@localhost:/home/avi# find -size +1000M
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./Downloads/The Dark Knight 2008 hindi BRRip 720p/The Dark Knight.mkv.part
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Downloads/Saudagar - (1991) - DVDRiP - x264 - AAC 5.1 - Chapters - Esubs - [DDR]/Saudagar
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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- (1991) - DVDRiP - x264 - AAC 5.1 - Chapters - Esubs - [DDR].mkv
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Downloads/Deewar.avi
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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./Desktop/squeeze.iso
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### 49. pdftk ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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**pdftk**命令用来合并几个pdf文件。你必须安装有 **pdftk** 程序。如果还没有,请用apt或yum来获取相应的包。
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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$ pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf …. 10.pdf cat output merged.pdf
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### 50. ps -LF -u user_name ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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该命令会输出一个用户的进程和线程。选项“**L**”(列出线程),选项“**-F**”(完整格式化)
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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$ ps -LF -u avi
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avi 21645 3717 21766 0 5 66168 117164 1 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/
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2013-12-27 22:28:15 +08:00
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avi 22678 24621 22678 0 1 969 1060 1 21:05 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -L
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avi 23652 1 23652 0 2 22092 12520 0 19:06 ? 00:00:22 gnome
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avi 23652 1 23655 0 2 22092 12520 0 19:06 ? 00:00:00 gnome
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### 51. Startx — :1 ###
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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分享 **X** 会话,意味着需要频繁的登入或登出,这就需要 **startx** 来救场。这个命令建立了一个新的会话从而避免了在一个会话中反复的登入和登出。为了在X会话间进行交换,我们可以通过‘**ctrl+Alt+F7**’和‘**ctrl+Alt+F8**’的组合键来完成。
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**注意**:快捷键“**ctrl+Alt+F1~F6**“是为了控制台会话准备的,而“**ctrl+Alt+F7~F12**”则为X会话服务。因此我们有**6**个控制台会话和**6**个X会话,不需要频繁的登入登出。上面的顺序适用于大多数的发行版,然而不同发行版可能会有不同的实现。我在Debian中尝试过,运行的很好。
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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以上就是今天的所有内容。我们如有需要会在以后的文章中继续发布“鲜为人知的命令”,不要忘记留下你对我们文章和‘ **鲜为人知的Linux命令** ’系列的宝贵意见。我会很快带来我的新文章,敬请期待。直到那时,要保持电脑健康,记得常回 **Tecmint** 看看哦。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2014-01-08 10:21:20 +08:00
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands-part-v/
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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2014-01-08 10:58:16 +08:00
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译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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2013-12-24 09:24:50 +08:00
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-linux-commands-part-2/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-commands-for-linux-part-3/
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2013-12-24 13:58:24 +08:00
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-effective-linux-commands-part-iv/
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