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选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
Translating Translating: fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux
2019-02-02 14:28:47 +08:00
[#]: translator: (zhs852)
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
PUB:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux @zhs852 https://linux.cn/article-10508-1.html
2019-02-04 18:07:17 +08:00
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10508-1.html)
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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[#]: subject: (fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-fdisk-command-to-manage-disk-partitions/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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fdisk：Linux 下管理磁盘分区的利器
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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======
Translated
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一块硬盘可以被划分成一个或多个逻辑磁盘，我们将其称作分区。我们对硬盘进行的划分信息被储存于建立在扇区 0 的分区表（MBR 或 GPT）中。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Linux 需要至少一个分区来当作根文件系统，所以我们不能在没有分区的情况下安装 Linux 系统。当我们创建一个分区时，我们必须将它格式化为一个适合的文件系统，否则我们就没办法往里面储存文件了。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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要在 Linux 中完成分区的相关工作，我们需要一些工具。Linux 下有很多可用的相关工具，我们曾介绍过 [Parted 命令][1]。不过，今天我们的主角是 `fdisk`。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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人人都喜欢用 `fdisk`，它是 Linux 下管理磁盘分区的最佳利器之一。它可以操作最大 2TB 的分区。大量 Linux 管理员都喜欢使用这个工具，因为当下 LVM 和 SAN 的原因，并没有多少人会用到 2TB 以上的分区。并且这个工具被世界上许多的基础设施所使用。如果你还是想创建比 2TB 更大的分区，请使用 `parted` 命令 或 `cfdisk` 命令。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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对磁盘进行分区和创建文件系统是 Linux 管理员的日常。如果你在许多不同的环境中工作，你一定每天都会重复几次这项操作。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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### Linux 内核是如何理解硬盘的？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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作为人类，我们可以很轻松地理解一些事情；但是电脑就不是这样了，它们需要合适的命名才能理解这些。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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在 Linux 中，外围设备都位于 `/dev` 挂载点，内核通过以下的方式理解硬盘：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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* `/dev/hdX[a-z]:` IDE 硬盘被命名为 hdX
* `/dev/sdX[a-z]:` SCSI 硬盘被命名为 sdX
* `/dev/xdX[a-z]:` XT 硬盘被命名为 xdX
* `/dev/vdX[a-z]:` 虚拟硬盘被命名为 vdX
* `/dev/fdN:` 软盘被命名为 fdN
* `/dev/scdN or /dev/srN:` CD-ROM 被命名为 `/dev/scdN` 或 `/dev/srN`
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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### 什么是 fdisk 命令？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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`fdisk` 的意思是 <ruby>固定磁盘<rt>Fixed Disk</rt></ruby> 或 <ruby>格式化磁盘<rt>Format Disk</rt></ruby>，它是命令行下允许用户对分区进行查看、创建、调整大小、删除、移动和复制的工具。它支持 MBR、Sun、SGI、BSD 分区表，但是它不支持 GUID 分区表（GPT）。它不是为操作大分区设计的。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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`fdisk` 允许我们在每块硬盘上创建最多四个主分区。它们中的其中一个可以作为扩展分区，并下设多个逻辑分区。1-4 扇区作为主分区被保留，逻辑分区从扇区 5 开始。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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![磁盘分区结构图][3]
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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### 如何在 Linux 下安装 fdisk？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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`fdisk` 作为核心组件内置于 Linux 中，所以你不必手动安装它。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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### 如何用 fdisk 列出可用磁盘？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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在执行操作之前，我们必须知道的是哪些磁盘被加入了系统。要想列出所有可用的磁盘，请执行下文的命令。这个命令将会列出磁盘名称、分区数量、分区表类型、磁盘识别代号、分区 ID 和分区类型。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xeab59449
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 20973568 62914559 41940992 20G 83 Linux
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
```
Translated
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### 如何使用 fdisk 列出特定分区信息？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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如果你希望查看指定分区的信息，请使用以下命令：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xeab59449
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 20973568 62914559 41940992 20G 83 Linux
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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```
Translated
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### 如何列出 fdisk 所有的可用操作？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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在 `fdisk` 中敲击 `m`，它便会列出所有可用操作：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe944b373.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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```
Translated
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### 如何使用 fdisk 列出分区类型？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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在 `fdisk` 中敲击 `l`，它便会列出所有可用分区的类型：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9ffd00db.
Command (m for help): l
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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```
Translated
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### 如何使用 fdisk 创建一个磁盘分区？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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如果你希望新建磁盘分区，请参考下面的步骤。比如我希望在 `/dev/sdc` 中新建四个分区（三个主分区和一个扩展分区），只需要执行下文的命令。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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首先，请在操作 “First sector” 的时候先按下回车，然后在 “Last sector” 中输入你希望创建分区的大小（可以在数字后面加 KB、MB、G 和 TB）。例如，你希望为这个分区扩容 1GB，就应该在 “Last sector” 中输入 `+1G`。当你创建三个分区之后，`fdisk` 默认会将分区类型设为扩展分区，如果你希望创建第四个主分区，请输入 `p` 来替代它的默认值 `e`。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Select (default p): Enter
Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1): Enter
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): Enter
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x8cc8f9e5
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
```
Translated
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### 如何使用 fdisk 创建扩展分区？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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请注意，创建扩展分区时，你应该使用剩下的所有空间，以便之后在扩展分区下创建逻辑分区。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Select (default e): Enter
Using default response e.
Selected partition 4
First sector (6293504-20971519, default 6293504): Enter
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6293504-20971519, default 20971519): Enter
Created a new partition 4 of type 'Extended' and of size 7 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x8cc8f9e5
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 4196352 6293503 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 6293504 20971519 14678016 7G 5 Extended
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
```
Translated
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### 如何用 fdisk 查看未分配空间？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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上文中，我们总共创建了四个分区（三个主分区和一个扩展分区）。在创建逻辑分区之前，扩展分区的容量将会以未分配空间显示。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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使用以下命令来显示磁盘上的未分配空间，下面的示例中显示的是 7GB：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): F
Unpartitioned space /dev/sdc: 7 GiB, 7515144192 bytes, 14678016 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Start End Sectors Size
6293504 20971519 14678016 7G
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Command (m for help): q
```
Translated
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### 如何使用 fdisk 创建逻辑分区？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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创建扩展分区后，请按照之前的步骤创建逻辑分区。在这里，我创建了位于 `/dev/sdc5` 的 `1GB` 逻辑分区。你可以查看分区表值来确认这点。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use.
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (6295552-20971519, default 6295552): Enter
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6295552-20971519, default 20971519): +1G
Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x8cc8f9e5
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 4196352 6293503 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 6293504 20971519 14678016 7G 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 6295552 8392703 2097152 1G 83 Linux
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
```
Translated
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### 如何使用 fdisk 命令删除分区？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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如果我们不再使用某个分区，请按照下面的步骤删除它。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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请确保你输入了正确的分区号。在这里，我准备删除 `/dev/sdc2` 分区：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-5, default 5): 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
2019-02-04 18:05:59 +08:00
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x8cc8f9e5
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
2019-02-04 18:05:59 +08:00
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 4196352 6293503 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 6293504 20971519 14678016 7G 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 6295552 8392703 2097152 1G 83 Linux
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
```
Translated
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### 如何在 Linux 下格式化分区或建立文件系统？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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在计算时，文件系统控制了数据的储存方式，并通过 <ruby>索引节点<rt>Inode Tables</rt></ruby> 来检索数据。如果没有文件系统，操作系统是无法找到信息储存的位置的。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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在此，我准备在 `/dev/sdc1` 上创建分区。有三种方式创建文件系统：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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或
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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或
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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$ sudo mke2fs /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.43.5 (04-Aug-2017)
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: c0a99b51-2b61-4f6a-b960-eb60915faab0
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
```
Translated
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当你在分区上建立文件系统时，以下重要信息会同时被创建：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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* `Filesystem UUID:` UUID 代表了通用且独一无二的识别符，UUID 在 Linux 中通常用来识别设备。它 128 位长的数字代表了 32 个十六进制数。
* `Superblock:` 超级块储存了文件系统的元数据。如果某个文件系统的超级块被破坏，我们就无法挂载它了（也就是说无法访问其中的文件了）。
* `Inode:` Inode 是类 Unix 系统中文件系统的数据结构，它储存了所有除名称以外的文件信息和数据。
* `Journal:` 日志式文件系统包含了用来修复电脑意外关机产生下错误信息的日志。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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### 如何在 Linux 中挂载分区？
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
2019-02-04 18:05:59 +08:00
在你创建完分区和文件系统之后，我们需要挂载它们以便使用。我们需要创建一个挂载点来挂载分区，使用 `mkdir` 来创建一个挂载点。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/2g-new
```
Translated
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如果你希望进行临时挂载，请使用下面的命令。在计算机重启之后，你会丢失这个挂载点。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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```shell
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
$ sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/2g-new
```
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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如果你希望永久挂载某个分区，请将分区详情加入 `fstab` 文件。我们既可以输入设备名称，也可以输入 UUID。
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
Translated
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使用设备名称来进行永久挂载：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
```
# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdc1 /mnt/2g-new ext4 defaults 0 0
```
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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使用 UUID 来进行永久挂载（请使用 `blkid` 来获取 UUID）：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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```
$ sudo blkid
/dev/sdc1: UUID="d17e3c31-e2c9-4f11-809c-94a549bc43b7" TYPE="ext2" PARTUUID="8cc8f9e5-01"
/dev/sda1: UUID="d92fa769-e00f-4fd7-b6ed-ecf7224af7fa" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="eab59449-01"
/dev/sdc3: UUID="ca307aa4-0866-49b1-8184-004025789e63" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="8cc8f9e5-03"
/dev/sdc5: PARTUUID="8cc8f9e5-05"
# vi /etc/fstab
UUID=d17e3c31-e2c9-4f11-809c-94a549bc43b7 /mnt/2g-new ext4 defaults 0 0
```
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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使用 `df` 命令亦可：
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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```
$ df -h
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 969M 0 969M 0% /dev
tmpfs 200M 7.0M 193M 4% /run
/dev/sda1 20G 16G 3.0G 85% /
tmpfs 997M 0 997M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 997M 0 997M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 200M 28K 200M 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs 200M 25M 176M 13% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc1 1008M 1.3M 956M 1% /mnt/2g-new
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
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```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-fdisk-command-to-manage-disk-partitions/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
Translated
2019-02-02 20:26:50 +08:00
译者：[zhs852](https://github.com/zhs852)
PRF:20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md @zhs852
2019-02-04 18:05:59 +08:00
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
选题: 20190128 fdisk – Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux sources/tech/20190128 fdisk - Easy Way To Manage Disk Partitions In Linux.md
2019-01-31 10:08:56 +08:00
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-manage-disk-partitions-using-parted-command/
[2]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/linux-fdisk-command-to-manage-disk-partitions-1a.png
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