2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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如何安装 pandom : 一个针对 Linux 的真随机数生成器
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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============================================================
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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本教程只针对 amd64/x86_64 架构 Linux 内核版本大于等于 2.6.9 的系统。本文将解释如何安装 [pandom][46],这是一个由 ncomputers.org 维护的定时抖动真随机数生成器。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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### 简介
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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在现在的计算机状况下,比如说配置了固态硬盘(SSD)的个人电脑和虚拟专用服务器(VPS)的环境中,Linux 内核内置的真随机数发生器提供的吞吐量很低。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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而出于各种不同的加密目的使得对真随机数的需求持续增长,从而使得这个低吞吐量问题在 Linux 实现中变得越来越严重。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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在与上述相同的物理或者虚拟环境下,并假设没有其它进程以 root 身份向 `/dev/random` 进行写操作的话,64 [ubits][47]/64 bits 的 pandom 可以以 8 KiB/s 的速率生成随机数。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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### 1 pandom 的安装
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 1.1 获得 root 权限
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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Pandom 必须以 root 身份来安装,所以在必要的时候请运行如下命令:
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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su -
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 1.2 安装编译所需的依赖
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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为了下载并安装 pandom,你需要 GNU `as` 汇编器、GNU `make`、GNU `tar` 和 GNU `wget` (最后两个工具通常已被安装)。随后你可以按照你的意愿卸载它们。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 Arch 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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pacman -S binutils make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 Debian 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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apt-get install binutils make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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基于 Red Hat 的系统:
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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dnf install binutils make
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yum install binutils make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 SUSE 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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zypper install binutils make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 1.3 下载并析出源码
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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下面的命令将使用 `wget` 和 `tar` 从 ncomputers.org 下载 pandom 的源代码并将它们解压出来:
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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wget http://ncomputers.org/pandom.tar.gz
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tar xf pandom.tar.gz
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cd pandom/amd64-linux
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 1.4 在安装前进行测试 (推荐)
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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这个被推荐的测试将花费大约 8 分钟的时间,它将检查内核支持情况并生成一个名为 `checkme` 的文件(在下一节中将被分析)。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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make check
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```
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#### 1.5 确定系统的初始化程序
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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在安装 pandom 之前,你需要知道你的系统使用的是哪个初始化程序。假如下面命令的输出中包含 `running`,则意味着你的系统使用了 `systemd`,否则你的系统则可能使用了一个 `init.d` 的实现(例如 upstart、sysvinit)。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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```
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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systemctl is-system-running
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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running
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```
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 1.6 安装 pandom
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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一旦你知道了你的系统使用何种 Linux 实现,那么你就可以相应地安装 pandom 了。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**使用基于 init.d 作为初始化程序(如: upstart、sysvinit)的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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假如你的系统使用了一个 init.d 的实现(如: upstart、sysvinit),请运行下面的命令来安装 pandom:
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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make install-init.d
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**以 systemd 作为初始化程序的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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假如你的系统使用 `systemd`,则请运行以下命令来安装 pandom:
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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make install-systemd
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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### 2 checkme 文件的分析
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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在使用 pandom 进行加密之前,强烈建议分析一下先前在安装过程中生成的 `checkme` 文件。通过分析我们便可以知道用 pandom 生成的数是否真的随机。本节将解释如何使用 ncomputers.org 的 shell 脚本 `entropyarray` 来测试由 pandom 产生的输出的熵及序列相关性。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**注**:整个分析过程也可以在另一台电脑上完成,例如在一个笔记本电脑或台式机上。举个例子:假如你正在一个资源受到限制的 VPS 上安装 pandom 程序,或许你更倾向于将 `checkme` 复制到自己的个人电脑中,然后再进行分析。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 2.1 获取 root 权限
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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`entropyarray` 程序也必须以 root 身份来安装,所以在必要时请运行如下命令:
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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su -
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 2.2 安装编译所需的依赖
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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为了下载并安装 `entropyarray`, 你需要 GNU g++ 编译器、GNU `make`、GNU `tar` 和 GNU `wget`。在随后你可以任意卸载这些依赖。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 Arch 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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pacman -S gcc make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 Debian 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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apt-get install g++ make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 Red Hat 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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dnf install gcc-c++ make
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yum install gcc-c++ make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**基于 SUSE 的系统:**
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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zypper install gcc-c++ make
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 2.3 下载并析出源码
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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以下命令将使用 `wget` 和 `tar` 从 ncomputers.org 下载到 entropyarray 的源码并进行解压:
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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wget http://ncomputers.org/rearray.tar.gz
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wget http://ncomputers.org/entropy.tar.gz
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wget http://ncomputers.org/entropyarray.tar.gz
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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tar xf entropy.tar.gz
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tar xf rearray.tar.gz
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tar xf entropyarray.tar.gz
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 2.4 安装 entropyarray
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**注**:如果在编译过程中报有关 `-std=c++11` 的错误,则说明当前系统安装的 GNU g++ 版本不支持 ISO C++ 2011 标准,那么你可能需要在另一个支持该标准的系统中编译 ncomputers.org/entropy 和 ncomputers.org/rearray (例如在一个你喜爱的较新的 Linux 发行版本中来编译)。接着使用 `make install` 来安装编译好的二进制文件,再接着你可能想继续运行 `entropyarray` 程序,或者跳过运行该程序这一步骤,然而我还是建议在使用 pandom 来达到加密目地之前先分析一下 `checkme` 文件。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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cd rearray; make install; cd ..
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cd entropy; make install; cd ..
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cd entropyarray; make install; cd ..
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 2.5 分析 checkme 文件
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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**注**:64 [ubits][53] / 64 bits 的 pandom 实现所生成的结果中熵应该高于 `15.977` 且 `max` 字段低于 `70`。假如你的结果与之相差巨大,或许你应该按照下面第 5 节介绍的那样增加你的 pandom 实现的不可预测性。假如你跳过了生成 `checkme` 文件的那一步,你也可以使用其他的工具来进行测试,例如 [伪随机数序列测试][54]。
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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```
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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entropyarray checkme
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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entropyarray in /tmp/tmp.mbCopmzqsg
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15.977339
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min:12
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med:32
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max:56
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15.977368
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min:11
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med:32
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max:58
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15.977489
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min:11
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med:32
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max:59
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15.977077
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min:12
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med:32
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max:60
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15.977439
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min:8
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med:32
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max:59
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15.977374
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min:13
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med:32
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max:60
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15.977312
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min:12
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med:32
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max:67
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```
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 2.6 卸载 entropyarray (可选)
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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假如你打算不再使用 `entropyarray`,那么你可以按照你自己的需求卸载它:
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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cd entropyarray; make uninstall; cd ..
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cd entropy; make uninstall; cd ..
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cd rearray; make uninstall; cd ..
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```
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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### 3 使用 debian 的软件仓库来进行安装
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假如你想在你基于 debian 的系统中让 pandom 保持更新,则你可以使用 ncomputers.org 的 debian 软件仓库来安装或者重新安装它。
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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#### 3.1 获取 root 权限
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2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
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以下的 debian 软件包必须以 root 身份来安装,所以在必要时请运行下面这个命令:
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2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
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```
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|
su -
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.2 安装密钥
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
下面的 debian 软件包中包含 ncomputers.org debian 软件仓库的公匙密钥:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
wget http://ncomputers.org/debian/keyring.deb
|
|
|
|
|
dpkg -i keyring.deb
|
|
|
|
|
rm keyring.deb
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.3 安装软件源列表
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
下面这些 debian 软件包含有 ncomputers.org debian 软件仓库的软件源列表,这些软件源列表对应最新的 debian 发行版本(截至 2017 年)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**注**:你也可以将下面的以 `#` 注释的行加入 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中,而不是为你的 debian 发行版本安装对应的 debian 软件包。但假如这些源在将来改变了,你就需要手动更新它们。
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**Wheezy:**
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
#deb http://ncomputers.org/debian wheezy main
|
|
|
|
|
wget http://ncomputers.org/debian/wheezy.deb
|
|
|
|
|
dpkg -i wheezy.deb
|
|
|
|
|
rm wheezy.deb
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Jessie:
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
#deb http://ncomputers.org/debian jessie main
|
|
|
|
|
wget http://ncomputers.org/debian/jessie.deb
|
|
|
|
|
dpkg -i jessie.deb
|
|
|
|
|
rm jessie.deb
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**Stretch:**
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
#deb http://ncomputers.org/debian stretch main
|
|
|
|
|
wget http://ncomputers.org/debian/stretch.deb
|
|
|
|
|
dpkg -i stretch.deb
|
|
|
|
|
rm stretch.deb
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.4 升级软件源列表
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
一旦密钥和软件源列表安装完成,则可以使用下面的命令来更新:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
apt-get update
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.5 测试 pandom
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
测试完毕后,你可以随意卸载下面的软件包。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**注**:假如你已经在你的 Linux 中测试了 pandom , 则你可以跳过这一步。
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
apt-get install pandom-test
|
|
|
|
|
pandom-test
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
generating checkme file, please wait around 8 minutes ...
|
|
|
|
|
entropyarray in /tmp/tmp.5SkiYsYG3h
|
|
|
|
|
15.977366
|
|
|
|
|
min:12
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:57
|
|
|
|
|
15.977367
|
|
|
|
|
min:13
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:57
|
|
|
|
|
15.977328
|
|
|
|
|
min:12
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:61
|
|
|
|
|
15.977431
|
|
|
|
|
min:12
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:59
|
|
|
|
|
15.977437
|
|
|
|
|
min:11
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:57
|
|
|
|
|
15.977298
|
|
|
|
|
min:11
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:59
|
|
|
|
|
15.977196
|
|
|
|
|
min:10
|
|
|
|
|
med:32
|
|
|
|
|
max:57
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.6 安装 pandom
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
apt-get install pandom
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 4 管理 pandom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在 pandom 安装完成后,你可能想对它进行管理。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 4.1 性能测试
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pandom 提供大约 8 kB/s 的随机数生成速率,但它的性能可能根据环境而有所差异。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/null bs=8 count=512
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
512+0 records in
|
|
|
|
|
512+0 records out
|
|
|
|
|
4096 bytes (4.1 kB, 4.0 KiB) copied, 0.451253 s, 9.1 kB/s
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 4.2 熵和序列相关性检验
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
除了 ncomputers.org/entropyarray,还存在更多的测试,例如 [Ilja Gerhardt 的 NIST 测试套件][62]。
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
entropyarray /dev/random 1M
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 4.3 系统服务
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pandom 还可以以系统服务的形式运行。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**基于 init.d 的初始化系统(如 upstart、sysvinit):**
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/init.d/random status
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/init.d/random start
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/init.d/random stop
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/init.d/random restart
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
**以 systemd 作为初始化程序的系统:**
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
systemctl status random
|
|
|
|
|
systemctl start random
|
|
|
|
|
systemctl stop random
|
|
|
|
|
systemctl restart random
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 5 增强不可预测性或者性能
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
假如你想增加你编译的 pandom 程序的不可预测性或者性能,你可以尝试增加或删减 CPU 时间测量选项。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 5.1 编辑源文件
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
请按照自己的意愿,在源文件 `test.s` 和 `tRNG.s` 中增加或者移除 `measurement blocks` 字段。
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
#measurement block
|
|
|
|
|
mov $35,%rax
|
|
|
|
|
syscall
|
|
|
|
|
rdtsc
|
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#measurement block
|
|
|
|
|
mov $35,%rax
|
|
|
|
|
syscall
|
|
|
|
|
rdtsc
|
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 5.2 测试不可预测性
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们总是建议在使用个人定制的 pandom 实现来用于加密目地之前,先进行一些测试。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
make check
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 5.3 安装定制的 pandom
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
假如你对测试的结果很满意,你就可以使用下面的命令来安装你的 pandom 实现。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
make install
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
更多额外信息及更新详见 [http://ncomputers.org/pandom][63]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
作者:[Oliver][a]
|
|
|
|
|
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
2017-05-17 20:45:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
2017-05-04 22:39:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/
|
|
|
|
|
[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-gain-root-access
|
|
|
|
|
[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-build-dependencies
|
|
|
|
|
[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#arch-based-systems
|
|
|
|
|
[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#debian-based-systems
|
|
|
|
|
[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#red-hat-based-systems
|
|
|
|
|
[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#suse-based-systems
|
|
|
|
|
[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-download-and-extract-sources
|
|
|
|
|
[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-test-before-installing-recommended
|
|
|
|
|
[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-determine-init-system
|
|
|
|
|
[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-pandom
|
|
|
|
|
[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#initd-based-init-system-eg-upstart-sysvinit
|
|
|
|
|
[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#systemd-as-init-system
|
|
|
|
|
[13]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-gain-root-access-2
|
|
|
|
|
[14]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-build-dependencies-2
|
|
|
|
|
[15]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#arch-based-systems-2
|
|
|
|
|
[16]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#debian-based-systems-2
|
|
|
|
|
[17]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#red-hat-based-systems-2
|
|
|
|
|
[18]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#suse-based-systems-2
|
|
|
|
|
[19]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-download-and-extract-sources-2
|
|
|
|
|
[20]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-entropyarray
|
|
|
|
|
[21]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-analyze-checkme-file
|
|
|
|
|
[22]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-uninstall-entropyarray-optional
|
|
|
|
|
[23]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-gain-root-access-3
|
|
|
|
|
[24]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-keyring
|
|
|
|
|
[25]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-sources-list
|
|
|
|
|
[26]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#wheezy
|
|
|
|
|
[27]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#jessie
|
|
|
|
|
[28]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#stretch
|
|
|
|
|
[29]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-update-sources-list
|
|
|
|
|
[30]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-test-pandom
|
|
|
|
|
[31]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-pandom-2
|
|
|
|
|
[32]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-performance-test
|
|
|
|
|
[33]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-entropy-and-serial-correlation-test
|
|
|
|
|
[34]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-system-service
|
|
|
|
|
[35]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#initd-based-init-system-eg-upstart-sysvinit-2
|
|
|
|
|
[36]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#systemd-as-init-system-2
|
|
|
|
|
[37]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-edit-source-files
|
|
|
|
|
[38]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-test-the-unpredictability
|
|
|
|
|
[39]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-install-personalized-pandom
|
|
|
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|
[40]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#introduction
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[41]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-installation-of-pandom
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[42]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-analysis-of-checkme-file
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[43]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-installation-using-debian-repository
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[44]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-managing-pandom
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[45]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-pandom-a-true-random-number-generator/#-increasing-unpredictability-or-performance
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[46]:http://ncomputers.org/pandom
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[47]:http://ncomputers.org/ubit
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[48]:http://ncomputers.org/pandom.tar.gz
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[49]:http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/18210/94448
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[50]:http://ncomputers.org/rearray.tar.gz
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[51]:http://ncomputers.org/entropy.tar.gz
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[52]:http://ncomputers.org/entropyarray.tar.gz
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[53]:http://ncomputers.org/ubit
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[54]:http://www.fourmilab.ch/random/
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[55]:http://ncomputers.org/debian/keyring.deb
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[56]:http://ncomputers.org/debian
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[57]:http://ncomputers.org/debian/wheezy.deb
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[58]:http://ncomputers.org/debian
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[59]:http://ncomputers.org/debian/jessie.deb
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[60]:http://ncomputers.org/debian
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[61]:http://ncomputers.org/debian/stretch.deb
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[62]:https://gerhardt.ch/random.php
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[63]:http://ncomputers.org/pandom
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