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60 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Prioritizing simplicity in your Python code)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/zen-python-simplicity-complexity)
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[#]: author: (Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez)
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Prioritizing simplicity in your Python code
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======
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This is the second part of a special series about the Zen of Python
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focusing on the third and fourth principles: simplicity and complexity.
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![Person reading a book and digital copy][1]
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> "Il semble que la perfection soit atteinte non quand il n'y a plus rien à ajouter, mais quand il n'y plus rien à retrancher."
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>
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> "It seems that perfection is finally attained not when there is no longer anything to add, but when there is no longer anything to take away."
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> —Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, _[Terre des Hommes][2]_, 1939
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A common concern in programming is the struggle with complexity. It is easy for any programmer to make a program so complicated no expert can debug it or modify it. The [Zen of Python][3] would not be complete if it did not touch on this.
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### Simple is better than complex.
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When it is possible to choose at all, choose the simple solution. Python is rarely in the business of _disallowing_ things. This means it is possible, and even straightforward, to design baroque programs to solve straightforward problems.
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It is worthwhile to remember at each point that simplicity is one of the easiest things to lose and the hardest to regain when writing code.
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This can mean choosing to write something as a function, rather than introducing an extraneous class. This can mean avoiding a robust third-party library in favor of writing a two-line function that is perfect for the immediate use-case. Most often, it means avoiding predicting the future in favor of solving the problem at hand.
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It is much easier to change the program later, especially if simplicity and beauty were among its guiding principles than to load the code down with all possible future variations.
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### Complex is better than complicated.
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This is possibly the most misunderstood principle because understanding the precise meanings of the words is crucial. Something is _complex_ when it is composed of multiple parts. Something is _complicated_ when it has a lot of different, often hard to predict, behaviors.
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When solving a hard problem, it is often the case that no simple solution will do. In that case, the most Pythonic strategy is to go "bottom-up." Build simple tools and combine them to solve the problem.
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This is where techniques like _object composition_ shine. Instead of having a complicated inheritance hierarchy, have objects that forward some method calls to a separate object. Each of those can be tested and developed separately and then finally put together.
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Another example of "building up" is using [singledispatch][4], so that instead of one complicated object, we have a simple, mostly behavior-less object and separate behaviors.
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/zen-python-simplicity-complexity
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作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/read_book_guide_tutorial_teacher_student_apaper.png?itok=_GOufk6N (Person reading a book and digital copy)
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[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind,_Sand_and_Stars
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[3]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/python-singledispatch
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