2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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2019-07-06 13:35:38 +08:00
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11066-1.html)
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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[#]: subject: (How To Find The Port Number Of A Service In Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-the-port-number-of-a-service-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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如何在 Linux 中查找服务的端口号
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======
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![Find The Port Number Of A Service In Linux OS][1]
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由于某些原因,你可能经常需要查找端口名称和端口号。如果是这样,你很幸运。今天,在这个简短的教程中,我们将看到在 Linux 系统中最简单、最快捷的查找服务端口号的方法。可能有很多方法可以做到,但我目前只知道以下三种方法。请继续阅读。
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### 在 Linux 中查找服务的端口号
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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#### 方法1:使用 grep 命令
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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要使用 `grep` 命令在 Linux 中查找指定服务的默认端口号,只需运行:
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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```
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$ grep <port> /etc/services
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```
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例如,要查找 SSH 服务的默认端口,只需运行:
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```
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$ grep ssh /etc/services
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```
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就这么简单。此命令应该适用于大多数 Linux 发行版。以下是我的 Arch Linux 测试机中的示例输出:
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```
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ssh 22/tcp
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ssh 22/udp
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ssh 22/sctp
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sshell 614/tcp
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sshell 614/udp
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netconf-ssh 830/tcp
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netconf-ssh 830/udp
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sdo-ssh 3897/tcp
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sdo-ssh 3897/udp
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netconf-ch-ssh 4334/tcp
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snmpssh 5161/tcp
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snmpssh-trap 5162/tcp
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tl1-ssh 6252/tcp
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tl1-ssh 6252/udp
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ssh-mgmt 17235/tcp
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ssh-mgmt 17235/udp
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```
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正如你在上面的输出中所看到的,SSH 服务的默认端口号是 22。
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让我们找到 Apache Web 服务器的端口号。为此,命令是:
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```
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$ grep http /etc/services
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# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
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http 80/tcp www www-http # WorldWideWeb HTTP
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http 80/udp www www-http # HyperText Transfer Protocol
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http 80/sctp # HyperText Transfer Protocol
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https 443/tcp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
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https 443/udp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
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https 443/sctp # http protocol over TLS/SSL
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gss-http 488/tcp
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gss-http 488/udp
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webcache 8080/tcp http-alt # WWW caching service
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webcache 8080/udp http-alt # WWW caching service
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[...]
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```
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FTP 端口号是什么?这很简单!
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```
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$ grep ftp /etc/services
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ftp-data 20/tcp
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ftp-data 20/udp
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# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
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ftp 21/tcp
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ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
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tftp 69/tcp
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[...]
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```
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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#### 方法 2:使用 getent 命令
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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如你所见,上面的命令显示指定搜索词 “ssh”、“http” 和 “ftp” 的所有端口名称和数字。这意味着,你将获得与给定搜索词匹配的所有端口名称的相当长的输出。
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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但是,你可以使用 `getent` 命令精确输出结果,如下所示:
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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```
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$ getent services ssh
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ssh 22/tcp
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$ getent services http
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http 80/tcp www www-http
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$ getent services ftp
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ftp 21/tcp
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```
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如果你不知道端口名称,但是知道端口号,那么你只需将端口名称替换为数字:
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```
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$ getent services 80
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http 80/tcp
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```
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要显示所有端口名称和端口号,只需运行:
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```
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$ getent services
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```
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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#### 方法 3:使用 Whatportis 程序
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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Whatportis 是一个简单的 Python 脚本,来用于查找端口名称和端口号。与上述命令不同,此程序以漂亮的表格形式输出。
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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确保已安装 pip 包管理器。如果没有,请参考以下链接。
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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- [如何使用 pip 管理 Python 包][6]
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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安装 pip 后,运行以下命令安装 Whatportis 程序。
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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```
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$ pip install whatportis
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```
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现在,你可以找到与服务关联的端口,如下所示。
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```
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$ whatportis ssh
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$ whatportis ftp
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$ whatportis http
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```
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我的 CentOS 7 服务器的示例输出:
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![][7]
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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*在 Linux 中查找服务的端口号*
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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如果你不知道服务的确切名称,请使用 `–like` 标志来显示相关结果。
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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```
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$ whatportis mysql --like
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```
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上述命令帮助你查找与服务关联的端口。你还可以找到与端口号相关联的服务,如下所示。
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```
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$ whatportis 993
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```
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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你甚至可以以 JSON 格式显示结果。
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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```
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$ whatportis 993 --json
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```
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![][8]
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有关更多详细信息,请参阅 GitHub 仓库。
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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* [Whatportis GitHub 仓库][9]
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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就是这些了。你现在知道了如何使用三种简单方法在 Linux 中查找端口名称和端口号。如果你知道任何其他方法/命令,请在下面的评论栏告诉我。我会查看并更相应地更新本指南。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-the-port-number-of-a-service-in-linux/
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作者:[sk][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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2019-07-06 13:35:08 +08:00
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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2019-07-04 08:51:24 +08:00
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Find-The-Port-Number-720x340.png
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-grep-command-tutorial-with-examples-for-beginners/
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[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/manage-python-packages-using-pip/
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[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/whatportis.png
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[8]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/whatportis-1.png
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[9]: https://github.com/ncrocfer/whatportis
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