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166 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
166 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (tomjlw)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Set up Automatic Security Update (Unattended Upgrades) on Debian/Ubuntu?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/automatic-security-update-unattended-upgrades-ubuntu-debian/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 上设置自动安全更新（无人值守更新）
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======
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对于 Linux 管理员来说重要的任务之一是让系统保持最新状态。
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这使得你的系统更加稳健并且可以避免不想要的访问与攻击。
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在 Linux 上安装包裹小菜一碟。
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用相似的方法我们也可以更新安全补丁。
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这是一个向你展示如何配置系统接收自动安全更新的简单教程。
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未经审查运行自动安全包更新会给你带来一定风险，但是也有一些好处。
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如果你不想错过安全补丁且想要与最新的安全补丁保持同步，
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那你应该借助无人值守更新机制设置自动安全更新。
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如果你不想要自动安全更新的话，你可以**[在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统上手动安装安全更新][1]**。
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我们有许多可以自动化更新的办法，然而我们将先采用官方的方法之后我们会介绍其它方法。
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### 如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 上安装无人值守更新包
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无人值守更新包默认应该装在你的系统上。但万一它没被安装，就用下面的命令来安装：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades
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```
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下方两个文件可以使你自定义该机制。
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```
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/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
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/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
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```
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### 在无人值守更新文件中做出必要修改
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默认情况下只有少数安全更新需要的选项被启用。无需被它们限制，你可以配置其中的许多选项以使得这个机制更加有用。
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我修改了一下文件并仅加上被启用的行段以方便阐述。
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```
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# vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
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Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
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"${distro_id}:${distro_codename}";
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"${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-security";
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"${distro_id}ESM:${distro_codename}";
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};
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Unattended-Upgrade::DevRelease "false";
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```
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有三个源被启用，细节如下：
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* **`${distro_id}:${distro_codename}:`**` ` 这是必须的因为安全更新可能会从非安全来源拉取依赖。
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* **`${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-security:`**` ` 这是用来从来源得到安全更新
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* **`${distro_id}ESM:${distro_codename}:`**` ` 这是用来从 ESM(扩展安全维护)获得安全更新。
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**启用邮件通知：** 如果你想要在每次安全更新后收到邮件通知，那么久修改以下行段（取消其注释并加上你的 email 账号）。
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从：
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```
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//Unattended-Upgrade::Mail "root";
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```
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到：
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```
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Unattended-Upgrade::Mail "[email protected]";
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```
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**自动移除不用的依赖：** 你可能需要在每次更新后运行“sudo apt autoremove” 命令来从系统中移除不用的依赖。
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我们可以通过修改以下行段来自动化这项任务（取消注释并将“false”改成“true”）。
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从：
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```
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//Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "false";
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```
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到：
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```
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "true";
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```
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**启用自动重启：** 你可能需要在安全更新安装至内核后重启你的系统。你可以在以下行段做出修改：
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从：
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```
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//Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false";
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```
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到：取消注释并将“false”改成“true”以启用自动重启。
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```
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Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "true";
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```
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**启用特定时段的自动重启：** 如果自动重启已启用且你想要在特定时段进行重启，那么做出以下修改。
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从：
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```
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//Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "02:00";
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```
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到：取消注释并将时间改成你需要的时间。我将重启设置在早上5点。
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```
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Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "05:00";
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```
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### 如何启用自动化安全更新？
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现在我们已经配置好了必须选项，一旦配置好，
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打开以下文件并确认是否值都已设置好？值不应为0。（1=启用，0=禁止）。
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```
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# vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
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APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
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APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
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```
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**详情：**
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* 第一行使 apt 每天自动运行 “apt-get update”。
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* 第一行使 apt 每天自动安装安全更新。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/automatic-security-update-unattended-upgrades-ubuntu-debian/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[tomjlw](https://github.com/tomjlw)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/manually-install-security-updates-ubuntu-debian/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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