TranslateProject/sources/tech/20150302 How to Manage KVM Virtual Environment using Commandline Tools in Linux.md

如何在Linux中用命令行工具管理KVM虚拟环境
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在我们[KVM系列专题][1]的第四部分，我们将会一起讨论下在命令行界面下来管理KVM环境。我们分别用‘virt-install’和virsh命令行工具来创建并配置虚拟机和存储池，用qemu-img命令行工具来创建并管理磁盘映像。

![KVM Management in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/KVM-Management-in-Linux.jpg)

Linux系统的KVM管理

在这篇文章里没有什么新的概念，我们只是用命令行工具重复之前所做过的事情，也没有什么前提条件，都是相同的过程，之前的文章我们都讨论过。

### 第一步: 配置存储池 ###

Virsh命令行工具是一款管理virsh客户域的用户界面。virsh程序能在命令行中运行所给的命令以及它的参数。

本节中，我们要用它给我们的KVM环境创建存储池。想知道关于这个工具的更多信息，用以下这条命令。

    # man virsh

**1. 用virsh带pool-define-as的命令来定义新的存储池，你需要指定名字、类型和类型参数。**

本例中，我们将名字取为Spool1，类型为目录。默认情况下你可以提供五个参数给该类型：

- source-host
- source-path
- source-dev
- source-name
- target

对于目录类型，我们需要用最后一个参数“target”来指定存储池的路径，其它参数项我们可以用“-”来填充。

    # virsh pool-define-as Spool1 dir - - - - "/mnt/personal-data/SPool1/"

![Create New Storage Pool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Create-New-Storage-Pool.png)
创建新存储池

**2. 查看环境中我们所有的存储池，用以下命令。**

    # virsh pool-list --all

![List All Storage Pools](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/List-All-Storage-Pools.png)
列出所有存储池

**3. 现在是时候来构造存储池了，用以下命令来构造我们刚才定义的存储池。**

    # virsh pool-build Spool1

![Build Storage Pool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Build-Storage-Pool.png)
构造存储池

**4. 用virsh带pool-start的命令来激活并启动我们刚才创建并构造完成的存储池。**

    # virsh pool-start Spool1

![Active Storage Pool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Active-Storage-Pool.png)
激活存储池

**5. 查看环境中存储池的状态，用以下命令。**

    # virsh pool-list --all

![Check Storage Pool Status](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Check-Storage-Pool-Status.png)
查看存储池状态

你会发现Spool1的状态变成了已激活。

**6. 对Spool1进行配置，让它每次都能被libvirtd服务自启动。**

    # virsh pool-autostart Spool1

![Configure KVM Storage Pool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Configure-Storage-Pool.png)
配置KVM存储池

**7. 最后来看看我们新的存储池的信息吧。**

    # virsh pool-info Spool1

![Check KVM Storage Pool Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Check-Storage-Pool-Information.png)
查看KVM存储池信息

恭喜你，Spool1已经准备好待命，接下来我们试着创建存储卷来使用它。

### 第二步: 配置存储卷/磁盘映像 ###

现在轮到磁盘映像了，using qemu-img to create new disk image from Spool1. For more details about qemy-img, use the man page.

    # man qemu-img

**8. We should specify the qemu-img command “create, check,….etc”, disk image format, the path of disk image you want to create and the size.**

    # qemu-img create -f raw /mnt/personal-data/SPool1/SVol1.img 10G

![Create Storage Volume](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Create-Storage-Volumes.png)
Create Storage Volume

**9. By using qemu-img command info, you could get information about your new disk image.**

![Check Storage Volume Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Check-Storage-Volume-Information.png)
Check Storage Volume Information

**Warning**: Never use qemu-img to modify images in use by a running virtual machine or any other process; this may destroy the image.

Now its time to create virtual machines in the next step.

### 第三步: 创建虚拟机 ###

**10. Now with the last and latest part, we will create virtual machines using virt-istall. The virt-install is a command line tool for creating new KVM virtual machines using the “libvirt” hypervisor management library. For more details about it, use:**

    # man virt-install

To create new KVM virtual machine, you need to use the following command with all the details like shown in the below.

- Name: Virtual Machine’s name.
- Disk Location: Location of disk image.
- Graphics : How to connect to VM “Usually be SPICE”.
- vcpu : Number of virtual CPU’s.
- ram : Amount of allocated memory in megabytes.
- Location : Specify the installation source path.
- Network : Specify the virtual network “Usually be vibr00 bridge”.

    # virt-install --name=rhel7 --disk path=/mnt/personal-data/SPool1/SVol1.img --graphics spice --vcpu=1 --ram=1024 --location=/run/media/dos/9e6f605a-f502-4e98-826e-e6376caea288/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso --network bridge=virbr0

![Create New Virtual Machine](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Create-New-Virtual-Machines.png)
Create New Virtual Machine

**11. You will find also a pop-up virt-vierwer window appears to communicate with virtual machine through it.**

![Booting Virtual Machine](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Booting-Virtual-Machine.jpeg)
Booting Virtual Machine

![Installation of Virtual Machine](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Installation-of-Virtual-Machine.jpeg)
Installation of Virtual Machine

### 结论 ###

This is the latest part of our KVM tutorial, we haven’t covered everything of course. It a shot to scratch the KVM environment so its your turn to search and keep hands dirty using this nice resources.

- [KVM Getting Started Guide][2]
- [KVM Virtualization Deployment and Administration Guide][3]

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via: http://www.tecmint.com/kvm-management-tools-to-manage-virtual-machines/

作者：[Mohammad Dosoukey][a]
译者：[ZTinoZ](https://github.com/ZTinoZ)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/dos2009/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-configure-kvm-in-linux/
[2]:https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html
[3]:https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html