TranslateProject/published/201804/20171207 How to use KVM cloud images on Ubuntu Linux.md

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如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上使用 KVM 云镜像
=====
如何下载并使用运行在 Ubuntu Linux 服务器上的 KVM 云镜像?如何在 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 服务器上无需完整安装即可创建虚拟机?如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上使用 KVM 云镜像?
基于内核的虚拟机KVM是 Linux 内核的虚拟化模块,可将其转变为虚拟机管理程序。你可以在命令行使用 Ubuntu 为 libvirt 和 KVM 提供的虚拟化前端通过 KVM 创建 Ubuntu 云镜像。
这个快速教程展示了如何安装和使用 uvtool它为 Ubuntu 云镜像下载libvirt 和 clout_int 提供了统一的集成虚拟机前端。
### 步骤 1 - 安装 KVM
你必须安装并配置 KVM。使用 [apt 命令][1]/[apt-get 命令][2],如下所示:
```
$ sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils cpu-checker
$ kvm-ok
## [configure bridged networking as described here][3]
$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
$ sudo brctl show
```
参阅[如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Headless 服务器上安装 KVM][4] 以获得更多信息。LCTT 译注Headless 服务器是指没有本地接口的计算设备,专用于向其他计算机及其用户提供服务。)
### 步骤 2 - 安装 uvtool
键入以下 [apt 命令][1]/[apt-get 命令][2]
```
$ sudo apt install uvtool
```
示例输出:
```
[sudo] password for vivek:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
gksu libgksu2-0 libqt5designer5 libqt5help5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5xml5 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python3-notify2 python3-pyqt5 python3-sip
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool-libvirt
Suggested packages:
cloud-utils-euca shunit2 python-pyinotify-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool uvtool-libvirt
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,211 kB of archives.
After this operation, 6,876 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 distro-info amd64 0.17 [20.3 kB]
Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 python-boto all 2.44.0-1ubuntu2 [740 kB]
Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 python-pyinotify all 0.9.6-1 [24.6 kB]
Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring all 2013.11.11 [4,504 B]
Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 cloud-image-utils all 0.30-0ubuntu2 [17.2 kB]
Get:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 python-simplestreams all 0.1.0~bzr450-0ubuntu1 [29.7 kB]
Get:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 socat amd64 1.7.3.2-1 [342 kB]
Get:8 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 uvtool all 0~git122-0ubuntu1 [6,498 B]
Get:9 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 uvtool-libvirt all 0~git122-0ubuntu1 [26.9 kB]
Fetched 1,211 kB in 3s (393 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package distro-info.
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```
### 步骤 3 - 下载 Ubuntu 云镜像
你需要使用 `uvt-simplestreams-libvirt` 命令。它维护一个 libvirt 容量存储池,作为一个<ruby>简单流<rt>simplestreams</rt></ruby>源的镜像子集的本地镜像,比如 Ubuntu 云镜像。要使用当前所有 amd64 镜像更新 uvtool 的 libvirt 容量存储池,运行:
```
$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt sync arch=amd64
```
要更新/获取 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial/amd64) 镜像,运行:
```
$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt --verbose sync release=xenial arch=amd64
```
示例输出:
```
Adding: com.ubuntu.cloud:server:16.04:amd64 20171121.1
```
通过 query 选项查询本地镜像:
```
$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt query
```
示例输出:
```
release=xenial arch=amd64 label=release (20171121.1)
```
现在,我为 Ubuntu xenial 创建了一个镜像,接下来我会创建虚拟机。
### 步骤 4 - 创建 SSH 密钥
你需要使用 SSH 密钥才能登录到 KVM 虚拟机。如果你根本没有任何密钥,请使用 `ssh-keygen` 命令创建一个新的密钥。
```
$ ssh-keygen
```
参阅“[如何在 Linux / Unix 系统上设置 SSH 密钥][5]” 和 “[Linux / UNIX: 生成 SSH 密钥][6]” 以获取更多信息。
### 步骤 5 - 创建 VM
是时候创建虚拟机了,它叫 vm1即创建一个 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 虚拟机:
```
$ uvt-kvm create vm1
```
默认情况下 vm1 使用以下配置创建:
1. 内存512M
2. 磁盘大小8GiB
3. CPU1 vCPU core
要控制内存、磁盘、CPU 和其他配置,使用以下语法:
```
$ uvt-kvm create vm1 \
--memory MEMORY \
--cpu CPU \
--disk DISK \
--bridge BRIDGE \
--ssh-public-key-file /path/to/your/SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE \
--packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, .. \
--run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE \
--password PASSWORD
```
其中
1. `--password PASSWORD`:设置 ubuntu 用户的密码和允许使用 ubuntu 的用户登录(不推荐,使用 ssh 密钥)。
2. `--run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE` : 第一次启动时,在虚拟机上以 root 身份运行 `RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE` 脚本,但再也不会运行。这里给出完整的路径。这对于在虚拟机上运行自定义任务时非常有用,例如设置安全性或其他内容。
3. `--packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, ..` : 在第一次启动时安装以逗号分隔的软件包。
要获取帮助,运行:
```
$ uvt-kvm -h
$ uvt-kvm create -h
```
#### 如何删除虚拟机?
要销毁/删除名为 vm1 的虚拟机,运行(请小心使用以下命令,因为没有确认框):
```
$ uvt-kvm destroy vm1
```
#### 获取 vm1 的 IP 地址,运行:
```
$ uvt-kvm ip vm1
192.168.122.52
```
#### 列出所有运行的虚拟机
```
$ uvt-kvm list
```
示例输出:
```
vm1
freebsd11.1
```
### 步骤 6 - 如何登录 vm1
语法是:
```
$ uvt-kvm ssh vm1
```
示例输出:
```
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-101-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud
0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Last login: Thu Dec 7 09:55:06 2017 from 192.168.122.1
```
另一个选择是从 macOS/Linux/Unix/Windows 客户端使用常规的 ssh 命令:
```
$ ssh ubuntu@192.168.122.52
$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.122.52
```
示例输出:
[![Connect to the running VM using ssh][8]][8]
一旦创建了 vim你可以照常使用 `virsh` 命令:
```
$ virsh list
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-use-kvm-cloud-images-on-ubuntu-linux/
作者:[Vivek Gite][a]
译者:[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix apt command examples for more info)
[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info)
[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-create-bridge-interface-ubuntu-linux/
[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/installing-kvm-on-ubuntu-16-04-lts-server/
[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-set-up-ssh-keys-on-linux-unix/
[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-generating-ssh-keys/
[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/connect-to-the-running-VM-using-ssh.jpg