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233 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
233 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (MjSeven)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Run your blog on GitHub Pages with Python)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/run-your-blog-github-pages-python)
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[#]: author: (Erik O'Shaughnessy https://opensource.com/users/jnyjny/users/jasperzanjani/users/jasperzanjani/users/jasperzanjani/users/jnyjny/users/jasperzanjani)
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在 GitHub 上使用 Python 运行你的博客
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======
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使用 Pelican（一个基于 Python 的平台）在 GitHub 上创建博客，看起来很不错。
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![Raspberry Pi and Python][1]
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[GitHub][2] 是一个非常流行的用于源代码控制的 Web 服务，它使用 [Git][3] 同步本地文件和 GitHub 服务器上保留的副本，这样你就可以轻松地共享和备份你的工作。
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除了为代码仓库提供用户界面之外，GitHub 还运允许用户直接从仓库[发布网页][4]。GitHub 推荐的网站生成软件包是 [Jekll][5]，使用 Ruby 编写。因为我是 [Python][6] 的忠实粉丝，所以我更喜欢 [Pelican][7]，这是一个基于 Python 的博客平台，可与 GitHub 很好地协同工作。
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Pelican 和 Jekll 都可以将 [Markdown][8] 或 [reStructuredText][9] 中编写的内容转换为 HTML 以生成静态网站，并且两个生成器都支持定制的主题。
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在本文中，我将介绍如何安装 Pelican、设置 GitHub 仓库、运行快速入门帮助、编写一些 Markdown 文件以及发布第一篇博客。我假设你有一个 [GitHub 账户][10]，熟悉[基础的 Git 命令][11]，并且想使用 Pelican 发布博客。
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### 安装 Pelican 并创建仓库
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首先，你必须在本地计算机上安装 Pelican 和 **ghp-import**。使用 Python 软件包安装工具 [pip][12]（你有，对吧？），这非常容易：
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```
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$ pip install pelican ghp-import Markdown
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```
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然后，打开浏览器并在 GitHub 上为你的新博客创建一个新的仓库，命名如下（在此处以及整个教程中，用 GitHub 用户名替换 <username>）：
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```
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https://GitHub.com/username/username.github.io
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```
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让它保持空白，稍后我们用引人注目的博客内容来填充它。
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使用命令行（确保正确），将空的 Git 仓库克隆到本地计算机：
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```
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$ git clone <https://GitHub.com/username/username.github.io> blog
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$ cd blog
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```
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### 奇怪的把戏...
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在 GitHub 上发布 Web 内容有一个不太明显的技巧，对于用户页面（托管在名为 _username.github.io_ 的仓库的页面上），其内容来自 **master** 分支。
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我强烈建议不要将所有 Pelican 配置文件和原始 Markdown 文件都保留在 **master** 中，**master** 中只保留 Web 内容中。因此，我将 Pelican 配置和原始内容保留在一个我喜欢称为 **content** 的单独分支中。（你可以随意创建一个分支，但以下内容沿用 **content**。）我喜欢这种结构，因为我可以放弃掉 **master** 中的所有文件，然后用 **content** 分支重新填充它。
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```
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$ git checkout -b content
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Switched to a new branch 'content'
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```
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### 配置 Pelican
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现在该进行内容配置了。Pelican 提供了一个很棒的初始化工具 **pelican-quickstart**，它会询问你有关博客的一系列问题。
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```
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$ pelican-quickstart
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Welcome to pelican-quickstart v3.7.1.
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This script will help you create a new Pelican-based website.
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Please answer the following questions so this script can generate the files
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needed by Pelican.
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> Where do you want to create your new web site? [.]
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> What will be the title of this web site? Super blog
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> Who will be the author of this web site? username
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> What will be the default language of this web site? [en]
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> Do you want to specify a URL prefix? e.g., <http://example.com> (Y/n) n
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> Do you want to enable article pagination? (Y/n)
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> How many articles per page do you want? [10]
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> What is your time zone? [Europe/Paris] US/Central
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> Do you want to generate a Fabfile/Makefile to automate generation and publishing? (Y/n) y
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> Do you want an auto-reload & simpleHTTP script to assist with theme and site development? (Y/n) y
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> Do you want to upload your website using FTP? (y/N) n
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> Do you want to upload your website using SSH? (y/N) n
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> Do you want to upload your website using Dropbox? (y/N) n
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> Do you want to upload your website using S3? (y/N) n
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> Do you want to upload your website using Rackspace Cloud Files? (y/N) n
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> Do you want to upload your website using GitHub Pages? (y/N) y
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> Is this your personal page (username.github.io)? (y/N) y
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Done. Your new project is available at /Users/username/blog
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```
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你可以对每个问题都采用默认值，但除了以下这些问题：
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* 网站标题，应该唯一且特殊
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* 网站作者，可以是个人用户名或你的全名
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* 时区，可能你不在巴黎
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* 上传到 GitHub 页面，我们选择 "y"
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回答完所有问题后，Pelican 会在当前目录中保留以下内容：
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```
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$ ls
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Makefile content/ develop_server.sh*
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fabfile.py output/ pelicanconf.py
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publishconf.py
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```
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你可以查看 [Pelican 文档][13]来了解如何使用这些文件，但 _现在_ 我们要做的是完成手头的工作。说实话，我也没有阅读文档。
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### 继续
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将所有 Pelican 生成的文件添加到本地 Git 仓库的 **content** 分支，提交更改，然后将本地更改推送到 Github 上托管的远程仓库：
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```
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$ git add .
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$ git commit -m 'initial pelican commit to content'
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$ git push origin content
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```
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这件事情并不是特别令人兴奋，但是如果我们需要将内容恢复到这些文件的时候，这将非常方便。
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### 终于
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终于，现在你得到一个博客了！你所有的博客文章、照片、图像、PDF 等都将位于 **content** 目录中，它最初是空的。要开始创建第一篇博客和关于页面，输入：
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```
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$ cd content
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$ mkdir pages images
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$ cp /Users/username/SecretStash/HotPhotoOfMe.jpg images
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$ touch first-post.md
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$ touch pages/about.md
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```
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接下来，在你喜欢的文本编辑器中打开 **first-post.md**，并添加以下内容：
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```
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title: First Post on My Sweet New Blog
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date: <today's date>
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author: Your Name Here
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# I am On My Way To Internet Fame and Fortune!
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This is my first post on my new blog. While not super informative it
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should convey my sense of excitement and eagerness to engage with you,
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the reader!
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```
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前三行是 Pelican 用于组织内容的元数据。有很多不同的元数据可供你选择。再说一次，文档是你了解更多选项的最佳选择。
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现在，打开空白文件 **pages/about.md** 并添加以下文本：
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```
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title: About
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date: <today's date>
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![So Schmexy][my_sweet_photo]
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Hi, I am <username> and I wrote this epic collection of Interweb
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wisdom. In days of yore, much of this would have been deemed sorcery
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and I would probably have been burned at the stake.
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😆
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[my_sweet_photo]: {filename}/images/HotPhotoOfMe.jpg
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```
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现在，content 目录中将包含三个新的 Web 内容，在 content 分支中还有很多内容。
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### 发布
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不要急，马上要见到成果了！
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剩下要做的就是：
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* 运行 Pelican 以在 **output** 中生成静态 HTML 文件：
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```
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`$ pelican content -o output -s publishconf.py`
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```
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* 使用 **ghp-import** 将 **output** 目录的内容添加到 **master** 分支中：
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```
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$ ghp-import -m "Generate Pelican site" --no-jekyll -b master output`
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```
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* 将本地 master 分支推送到远程仓库：
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```
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$ git push origin master
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```
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* 提交新内容并将其推送到 **content** 分支
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```
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$ git add content
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$ git commit -m 'added a first post, a photo and an about page'
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$ git push origin content
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```
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### OMG，我成功了
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现在最激动的时候到了，当你想要看到你发布给大家的博客内容时，打开浏览器输入：
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```
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https://username.github.io
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```
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恭喜你可以在 GitHub 上发布自己的博客了！当你想添加更多页面或文章时，都可以按照上面的步骤来。希望你可以愉快地发布博客。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/run-your-blog-github-pages-python
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作者：[Erik O'Shaughnessy][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jnyjny/users/jasperzanjani/users/jasperzanjani/users/jasperzanjani/users/jnyjny/users/jasperzanjani
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/getting_started_with_python.png?itok=MFEKm3gl (Raspberry Pi and Python)
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[2]: https://github.com/
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[3]: https://git-scm.com
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[4]: https://help.github.com/en/categories/github-pages-basics
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[5]: https://jekyllrb.com
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[6]: https://python.org
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[7]: https://blog.getpelican.com
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[8]: https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown
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[9]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/rst/quickref.html
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[10]: https://github.com/join?source=header-home
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[11]: https://git-scm.com/docs
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[12]: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/
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[13]: https://docs.getpelican.com
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