TranslateProject/published/201702/20170112 How to Install Nextcloud with Nginx and PHP7-FPM on CentOS 7.md

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如何在 CentOS 7 中使用 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 安装 Nextcloud
==========================
Nextcloud 是一款自由 (开源) 的类 Dropbox 软件,由 ownCloud 分支演化形成。它使用 PHP 和 JavaScript 编写,支持多种数据库系统,比如 MySQL/MariaDB、PostgreSQL、Oracle 数据库和 SQLite。它可以使你的桌面系统和云服务器中的文件保持同步Nextcloud 为 Windows、Linux、Mac、安卓以及苹果手机都提供了客户端支持。Nextcloud 并非只是 Dropbox 的克隆,它还提供了很多附加特性,如日历、联系人、计划任务以及流媒体 Ampache。
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在这篇文章中,我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 10。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。
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**先决条件**
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* 64 位的 CentOS 7
* 服务器的 Root 权限
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### 步骤 1 - 在 CentOS 7 中安装 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM
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在开始安装 Nginx 和 php7-fpm 之前,我们还学要先添加 EPEL 包的仓库源。使用如下命令:
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```
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yum -y install epel-release
```
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现在开始从 EPEL 仓库来安装 Nginx
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```
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yum -y install nginx
```
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然后我们还需要为 php7-fpm 添加另外一个仓库。互联网中有很个远程仓库提供了 PHP 7 系列包,我在这里使用的是 webtatic。
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添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库:
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```
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rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
```
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然后就是安装 PHP7-FPM 以及 Nextcloud 需要的一些包。
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```
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yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
```
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最后,从服务器终端里查看 PHP 的版本号,以便验证 PHP 是否正确安装。
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```
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php -v
```
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[![查看 PHP 版本号](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/1.png)][10]
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### 步骤 2 - 配置 PHP7-FPM
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在这一个步骤中,我们将配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。Php7-fpm 将使用 `nginx` 用户来运行,并监听 `9000` 端口。
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使用 vim 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。
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```
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vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
```
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在第 8 行和第 10行`user` 和 `group` 赋值为 `nginx`
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```
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user = nginx
group = nginx
```
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在第 22 行,确保 php-fpm 运行在指定端口。
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```
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listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
```
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取消第 366-370 行的注释,启用 php-fpm 的系统环境变量。
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```
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env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
```
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保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器。
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下一步,就是在 `/var/lib/` 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 `session`,并将其拥有者变更为 `nginx` 用户。
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```
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mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
```
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然后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。
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```
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sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable nginx
```
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[![启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/2.png)][11]
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PHP7-FPM 配置完成
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### 步骤 3 - 安装和配置 MariaDB
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我这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 `yum` 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 `mariadb-server` 包。
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```
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yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
```
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启动 MariaDB并将其添加到随系统启动的服务中去。
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```
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systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
```
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现在开始配置 MariaDB 的 root 用户密码。
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```
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mysql_secure_installation
```
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键入 `Y` ,然后设置 MariaDB 的 root 密码。
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```
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Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
```
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这样就设置好了密码,现在登录到 mysql shell 并为 Nextcloud 创建一个新的数据库和用户。这里我创建名为 `nextcloud_db` 的数据库以及名为 `nextclouduser` 的用户,用户密码为 `nextclouduser@`。当然了,要给你自己的系统选用一个更安全的密码。
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```
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mysql -u root -p
```
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输入 MariaDB 的 root 密码,即可登录 mysql shell。
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输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。
```
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create database nextcloud_db;
create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
flush privileges;
```
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[![为 Nextcloud 创建一个新的数据库和用户](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/3.png)][12]
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`nextcloud_db` 数据库和 `nextclouduser` 数据库用户创建完成
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### 步骤 4 - 为 Nextcloud 生成一个自签名 SSL 证书
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在教程中,我会让客户端以 https 连接来运行 Nextcloud。你可以使用诸如 let's encrypt 等免费 SSL 证书,或者是自己创建自签名 (self signed) SSL 证书。这里我使用 OpenSSL 来创建自己的自签名 SSL 证书。
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为 SSL 文件创建新目录:
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```
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mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
```
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如下,使用 `openssl` 生成一个新的 SSL 证书。
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```
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openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
```
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最后使用 `chmod` 命令将所有证书文件的权限设置为 `600`
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```
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chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
```
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[![为 Nextcloud 生成一个自签名 SSL 证书](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/4.png)][13]
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### 步骤 5 - 下载和安装 Nextcloud
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我直接使用 `wget` 命令下载 Nextcloud 到服务器上,因此需要先行安装 `wget`。此外,还需要安装 `unzip` 来进行解压。使用 `yum` 命令来安装这两个程序。
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```
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yum -y install wget unzip
```
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先进入 `/tmp` 目录,然后使用 `wget` 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 10。
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```
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cd /tmp
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-10.0.2.zip
```
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解压 Nextcloud并将其移动到 `/usr/share/nginx/html/` 目录。
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```
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unzip nextcloud-10.0.2.zip
mv nextcloud/ /usr/share/nginx/html/
```
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下一步,转到 Nginx 的 web 根目录为 Nextcloud 创建一个 `data` 文件夹。
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```
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cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
mkdir -p nextcloud/data/
```
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变更 `nextcloud` 目录的拥有者为 `nginx` 用户和组。
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```
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chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
```
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### 步骤 6 - 在 Nginx 中为 Nextcloud 配置虚拟主机
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在步骤 5 我们已经下载好了 Nextcloud 源码,并配置好了让它运行于 Nginx 服务器中,但我们还需要为它配置一个虚拟主机。在 Nginx 的 `conf.d` 目录下创建一个新的虚拟主机配置文件 `nextcloud.conf`
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```
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cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
vim nextcloud.conf
```
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将以下内容粘贴到虚拟主机配置文件中:
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```
upstream php-handler {
    server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name cloud.nextcloud.co;
    # enforce https
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name cloud.nextcloud.co;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
    # Add headers to serve security related headers
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
    # topic first.
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
    includeSubDomains; preload;";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }
    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
    # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
    # last;
    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
    # Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
    gzip off;
    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;
    error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
    error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        #Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }
    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
        includeSubDomains; preload;";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }
    location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}
```
保存文件并退出 vim。
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下载测试以下该 Nginx 配置文件是否有错误,没有的话就可以重启服务了。
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```
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nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
```
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[![在 Nginx 中为 Nextcloud 配置虚拟主机](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/5.png)][14]
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### 步骤 7 - 为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux 和 FirewallD 规则
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本教程中,我们将以强制模式运行 SELinux因此需要一个 SELinux 管理工具来为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux。
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使用以下命令安装 SELinux 管理工具。
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```
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yum -y install policycoreutils-python
```
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然后以 root 用户来运行以下命令,以便让 Nextcloud 运行于 SELinux 环境之下。如果你是用的其他名称的目录,记得将 `nextcloud` 替换掉。
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```
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/assets(/.*)?'
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.htaccess'
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'
restorecon -Rv '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/'
```
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接下来,我们要启用 firewalld 服务,同时为 Nextcloud 开启 http 和 https 端口。
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启动 firewalld 并设置随系统启动。
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```
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systemctl start firewalld
systemctl enable firewalld
```
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现在使用 `firewall-cmd` 命令来开启 http 和 https 端口,然后重新加载防火墙。
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```
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firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload
```
[![为 Nextcloud 配置 FirewallD 规则](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/6.png)][15]
至此,服务器配置完成。
### 步骤 8 - Nextcloud 安装
打开你的 Web 浏览器,输入你为 Nextcloud 设置的域名,我这里设置为 `cloud.nextcloud.co`,然后会重定向到安全性更好的 https 连接。
设置你的管理员用户名和密码,然后输入数据验证信息,点击 '**完成安装 (Finish Setup)**'。
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[![Nextcloud 安装](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/7.png)][16]
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Nextcloud 管理面板大致如下:
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[![Nextcloud 管理面板](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/8.png)][17]
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Nextcloud 用户设置:
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[![Nextcloud 用户设置](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/9.png)][18]
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管理设置:
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[![管理设置](https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/10.png)][19]
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至此,我们在 CentOS 7 服务器上通过使用 Nginx、PHP7-FPM、MariaDB 完成了 Nextcloud 的安装。
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### 参考链接
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- [https://docs.nextcloud.com/](https://docs.nextcloud.com/)
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------------------------------------
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译者简介:
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[GHLandy](http://GHLandy.com) —— 划不完粉腮柳眉泣别离。
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------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/
作者:[Muhammad Arul][a]
译者:[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
2017-01-14 18:26:56 +08:00
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[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/
[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-install-nginx-and-phpfpm-on-centos-
[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-configure-phpfpm
[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-mariadb
[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-generate-a-selfsigned-ssl-certificate-for-nextcloud
[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-download-and-install-nextcloud
[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-configure-nextcloud-virtual-host-in-nginx
[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-configure-selinux-and-firewalld-for-nextcloud
[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#step-nextcloud-installation-wizard
[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/#reference
[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/1.png
[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/2.png
[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/3.png
[13]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/4.png
[14]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/5.png
[15]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/6.png
[16]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/7.png
[17]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/8.png
[18]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/9.png
[19]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/big/10.png