TranslateProject/sources/tech/20151215 How to enable Software Collections (SCL) on CentOS.md

How to enable Software Collections (SCL) on CentOS
================================================================================
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and its community fork, CentOS, offer 10-year life cycle, meaning that each version of RHEL/CentOS is updated with security patches for up to 10 years. While such long life cycle guarantees much needed system compatibility and reliability for enterprise users, a downside is that core applications and run-time environments grow antiquated as the underlying RHEL/CentOS version becomes close to end-of-life (EOF). For example, CentOS 6.5, whose EOL is dated to November 30th 2020, comes with python 2.6.6 and MySQL 5.1.73, which are already pretty old by today's standard.

On the other hand, attempting to manually upgrade development toolchains and run-time environments on RHEL/CentOS may potentially break your system unless all dependencies are resolved correctly. Under normal circumstances, manual upgrade is not recommended unless you know what you are doing.

The [Software Collections][1] (SCL) repository came into being to help with RHEL/CentOS users in this situation. The SCL is created to provide RHEL/CentOS users with a means to easily and safely install and use multiple (and potentially more recent) versions of applications and run-time environments "without" messing up the existing system. This is in contrast to other third party repositories which could cause conflicts among installed packages.

The latest SCL offers:

- Python 3.3 and 2.7
- PHP 5.4
- Node.js 0.10
- Ruby 1.9.3
- Perl 5.16.3
- MariaDB and MySQL 5.5
- Apache httpd 2.4.6 

In the rest of the tutorial, let me show you how to set up the SCL repository and how to install and enable the packages from the SCL.

### Set up the Software Collections (SCL) Repository ###

The SCL is available on CentOS 6.5 and later. To set up the SCL, simply run:

    $ sudo yum install centos-release-SCL

To enable and run applications from the SCL, you also need to install the following package.

    $ sudo yum install scl-utils-build

You can browse a complete list of packages available from the SCL repository by running:

    $ yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="scl" list available

![](https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5730/23304424250_f5c8a09584_c.jpg)

### Install and Enable a Package from the SCL ###

Now that you have set up the SCL, you can go ahead and install any package from the SCL.

You can search for SCL packages with:

    $ yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="scl" search <keyword>

Let's say you want to install python 3.3.

Go ahead and install it as usual with yum:

    $ sudo yum install python33

At any time you can check the list of packages you installed from the SCL by running:

    $ scl --list

----------

    python33

A nice thing about the SCL is that installing a package from the SCL does NOT overwrite any system files, and is guaranteed to not cause any conflicts with other system libraries and applications.

For example, if you check the default python version after installing python33, you will see that the default version is still the same:

    $ python --version

----------

    Python 2.6.6

If you want to try an installed SCL package, you need to explicitly enable it "on a per-command basis" using scl:

    $ scl enable <scl-package-name> <command>

For example, to enable python33 package for python command:

    $ scl enable python33 'python --version'

----------

    Python 3.3.2

If you want to run multiple commands while enabling python33 package, you can actually create an SCL-enabled bash session as follows.

    $ scl enable python33 bash

Within this bash session, the default python will be switched to 3.3 until you type exit and kill the session.

![](https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5642/23491549632_1d08e163cc_c.jpg)

In short, the SCL is somewhat similar to the virtualenv of Python, but is more general in that you can enable/disable SCL sessions for a far greater number of applications than just Python.

For more detailed instructions on the SCL, refer to the official [quick start guide][2].

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via: http://xmodulo.com/enable-software-collections-centos.html

作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
[1]:https://www.softwarecollections.org/
[2]:https://www.softwarecollections.org/docs/