2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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2020-06-11 09:03:55 +08:00
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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2020-06-30 12:09:38 +08:00
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12364-1.html)
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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[#]: subject: (Style your data plots in Python with Pygal)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/pygal-python)
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[#]: author: (Shaun Taylor-Morgan https://opensource.com/users/shaun-taylor-morgan)
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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使用 Pygal 在 Python 中设置数据图的样式
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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======
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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> 介绍一种更时尚的 Python 绘图库。
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![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202006/30/120650hlf8lm0em3l1m8zd.jpg)
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[Python][2] 有很多可以将数据可视化的库。其中一个互动性较强的库是 Pygal,我认为这个库适合喜欢漂亮事物的人。它可以生成用户可以与之交互的漂亮的 SVG(可缩放矢量图形)文件。SVG 是交互式图形的标准格式,仅使用几行 Python 就可以带来丰富的用户体验。
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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### 使用 Pygal 进行时尚的 Python 绘图
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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在本文中,我们要重新创建多柱状图,用来表示 1966 年至 2020 年英国大选的结果:
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![Pygal plot][3]
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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在继续之前,请注意你可能需要调整 Python 环境以使此代码运行,包括:
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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* 运行最新版本的 Python([Linux][4]、[Mac][5] 和 [Windows][6] 的说明)
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* 确认你运行的是与这些库兼容的 Python 版本
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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数据可在线获得,并可使用 pandas 导入:
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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```
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import pandas as pd
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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df = pd.read_csv('https://anvil.works/blog/img/plotting-in-python/uk-election-results.csv')
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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```
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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现在我们可以继续进行了。。数据如下所示:
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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```
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year conservative labour liberal others
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0 1966 253 364 12 1
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1 1970 330 287 6 7
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2 Feb 1974 297 301 14 18
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.. ... ... ... ... ...
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12 2015 330 232 8 80
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13 2017 317 262 12 59
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14 2019 365 202 11 72
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```
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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在 Pygal 中进行绘制会以一种易于阅读的方式显示。首先,我们以一种简化柱状图定义的方式定义样式对象。然后我们将自定义样式以及其他元数据传递给 `Bar` 对象:
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```
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import pygal
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from pygal.style import Style
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custom_style = Style(
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colors=('#0343df', '#e50000', '#ffff14', '#929591'),
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font_family='Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif',
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background='transparent',
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label_font_size=14,
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)
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c = pygal.Bar(
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title="UK Election Results",
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style=custom_style,
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y_title='Seats',
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width=1200,
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x_label_rotation=270,
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)
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```
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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然后,我们将数据添加到 `Bar` 对象中:
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```
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c.add('Conservative', df['conservative'])
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c.add('Labour', df['labour'])
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c.add('Liberal', df['liberal'])
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c.add('Others', df['others'])
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c.x_labels = df['year']
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```
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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最后,我们将图另存为 SVG 文件:
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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```
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c.render_to_file('pygal.svg')
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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```
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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结果是一个交互式 SVG 图,你可以在此 gif 中看到:
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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![The Python pygal library can generate rich SVG files as seen here][7]
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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精美简单,并且效果漂亮。
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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### 总结
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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Python 中的某些绘图工具需要非常详细地构建每个对象,而 Pygal 从一开始就为你提供这些。如果你手边有数据并且想做一个干净、漂亮、简单的交互式图表,请尝试一下 Pygal。
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/pygal-python
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作者:[Shaun Taylor-Morgan][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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2020-06-15 08:41:16 +08:00
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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2020-06-30 12:08:07 +08:00
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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2020-06-10 05:02:14 +08:00
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/shaun-taylor-morgan
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_python.jpg?itok=G04cSvp_ (Python in a coffee cup.)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/plot-data-python
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/pygal_1.png (Pygal plot)
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/install-python-linux
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[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/python-3-default-mac
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/how-install-python-windows
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/pygal-interactive_3.gif (The Python pygal library can generate rich SVG files as seen here)
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[8]: https://anvil.works/blog/plotting-in-pygal
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