2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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10 个给 Linux 用户的有用工具
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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================================================================================
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/linux-656x445.png)
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### 引言 ###
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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在本教程中,我已经收集了10个给 Linux 用户的有用工具,其中包括各种网络监控,系统审计和一些其它实用的命令,它可以帮助用户提高工作效率。我希望你会喜欢他们。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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#### 1. w ####
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显示谁登录了系统并执行了哪些程序。
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$w
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_023.png)
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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不显示头部信息(LCTT译注:原文此处有误)
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$w -h
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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显示指定用户的信息
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$w <username>
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_024.png)
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#### 2. nmon ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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Nmon(nigel’s monitor 的简写)是一个显示系统性能信息的工具。
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$ sudo apt-get install nmon
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----------
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$ nmon
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_001.png)
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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nmon 可以显示与 netwrok,cpu, memory 和磁盘使用情况的信息。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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**nmon 显示 cpu 信息 (按 c)**
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_002.png)
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**nmon 显示 network 信息 (按 n)**
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_003.png)
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**nman 显示 disk 信息 (按 d)**
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_004.png)
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#### 3. ncdu ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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是一个支持光标的`du`程序,这个命令是用来分析各种目录占用的磁盘空间。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$apt-get install ncdu
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$ncdu /
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_006.png)
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最终的输出:
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_007.png)
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按 n 则通过文件名来排序,按 s 则按文件大小来排序(默认的)。
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#### 4. slurm ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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一个基于网络接口的带宽监控命令行程序,它会用字符来显示文本图形。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$ apt-get install slurm
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例如:
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$ slurm -i <interface>
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$ slurm -i eth1
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0091.png)
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**选项**
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- 按 **l** 显示 lx/tx 指示灯.
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- 按 **c** 切换到经典模式.
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- 按 **r** 刷新屏幕.
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- 按 **q** 退出.
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#### 5.findmnt ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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Findmnt 命令用于查找挂载的文件系统。它用来列出安装设备,当需要时也可以挂载或卸载设备,它是 util-linux 软件包的一部分。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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例子:
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$findmnt
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0101.png)
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以列表格式输出。
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$ findmnt -l
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0111.png)
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列出在 fstab 中挂载的文件系统。
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$ findmnt -s
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0122.png)
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按文件类型列出已挂载的文件系统。
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$ findmnt -t ext4
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0131.png)
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#### 6. dstat ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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一种灵活的组合工具,它可用于监控内存,进程,网络和磁盘性能,它可以用来取代 ifstat, iostat, dmstat 等。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$apt-get install dstat
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例如:
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查看有关 cpu,硬盘和网络的详细信息。
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$ dstat
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0141.png)
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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**-c** cpu
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$ dstat -c
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0151.png)
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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**-d** 磁盘
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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$ dstat -d
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0161.png)
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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显示 cpu、磁盘等的详细信息。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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$ dstat -cdl -D sda1
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_017.png)
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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#### 7. saidar ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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另一种基于命令行的系统统计数据监控工具,提供了有关磁盘使用,网络,内存,交换分区等信息。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$ sudo apt-get install saidar
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例如:
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$ saidar
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0181.png)
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启用彩色输出
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$ saider -c
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0191.png)
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#### 8. ss ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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ss(socket statistics)是一个很好的替代 netstat 的选择,它从内核空间收集信息,比 netstat 的性能更好。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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例如:
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列出所有的连接
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$ ss |less
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0201.png)
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列出 tcp 流量
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$ ss -A tcp
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0211.png)
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列出进程名和 pid
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$ ss -ltp
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0221.png)
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#### 9. ccze ####
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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一个美化日志显示的工具 :).
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$ apt-get install ccze
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例如:
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$ tailf /var/log/syslog | ccze
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0231.png)
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列出 ccze 模块:
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$ ccze -l
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_0241.png)
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将日志保存为 html 文件。
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tailf /var/log/syslog | ccze -h > /home/tux/Desktop/rajneesh.html
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_025.png)
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#### 10. ranwhen.py ####
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一种基于 Python 的终端工具,它可以用来以图形方式显示系统活动状态。详细信息以一个丰富多彩的柱状图来展示。
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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安装 python(LCTT 译注:一般来说,你应该已经有了 python,不需要此步):
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes
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更新系统:
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$ sudo apt-get update
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下载 python:
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$ sudo apt-get install python3.2
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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[点此下载 ranwhen.py][1]
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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$ unzip ranwhen-master.zip && cd ranwhen-master
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运行工具。
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$ python3.2 ranwhen.py
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![](http://1426826955.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Selection_026.png)
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### 结论 ###
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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这都是些不常见但重要的 Linux 管理工具。他们可以在日常生活中帮助用户。在我们即将发表的文章中,我们会尽量多带来些管理员/用户工具。
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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玩得愉快!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/10-useful-utilities-linux-users/
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作者:[Rajneesh Upadhyay][a]
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译者:[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
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2015-10-25 21:31:11 +08:00
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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2015-10-14 11:30:47 +08:00
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/rajneesh/
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[1]:https://github.com/p-e-w/ranwhen/archive/master.zip
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