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调整文件夹名称和结构
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Widget>> vpw{ pw1, pw2 };
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它不能。它必须使用更多的内存。然而，那部分内存不是`std::shared_ptr`对象的一部分。那部分在堆上面，只要`std::shared_ptr`自定义了分配器，那部分内存随便在哪都行。我前面提到了`std::shared_ptr`对象包含了所指对象的引用计数。没错，但是有点误导人。因为引用计数是另一个更大的数据结构的一部分，那个数据结构通常叫做**控制块**（control block）。控制块包含除了引用计数值外的一个自定义销毁器的拷贝，当然前提是存在自定义销毁器。如果用户还指定了自定义分配器，控制器也会包含一个分配器的拷贝。控制块可能还包含一些额外的数据，正如Item21提到的，一个次级引用计数weak count，但是目前我们先忽略它。我们可以想象`std::shared_ptr`对象在内存中是这样：
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当`std::shared_ptr`对象一创建，对象控制块就建立了。至少我们期望是如此。通常，对于一个创建指向对象的`std::shared_ptr`的函数来说不可能知道是否有其他`std::shared_ptr`早已指向那个对象，所以控制块的创建会遵循下面几条规则：
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50
README.md
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README.md
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# 《Effective Modern C++ 》翻译
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<img src="https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/x.public/1.png?raw=true" align="right" weight="300" height="400"/>
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<img src="https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/0.Public/1.png?raw=true" align="right" weight="300" height="400"/>
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[](#backers)
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[](#sponsors)
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
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> ! 我没有版权，我没有版权，我没有版权<br>
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> ！本书要求读者具有C++基础<br>
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> ！未翻译的条款名称现在直译，翻译时可能适当修改<br>
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> ! [PDF格式英文版下载](x.public/EffectiveModernCpp.pdf),仅供翻译参考
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> ! [PDF格式英文版下载](0.Public/EffectiveModernCpp.pdf),仅供翻译参考
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# 目录
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1. 类型推导
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@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
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3. [Item 3:理解decltype](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/1.DeducingTypes/item3.md)
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3. [Item 4:学会查看类型推导结果](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/1.DeducingTypes/item4.md)
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2. auto
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1. [Item 5:优先考虑auto而非显式类型声明](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/2.auto/item5.md)
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2. [Item 6:auto推导若非己愿，使用显式类型初始化惯用法](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/2.auto/item6.md)
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1. [Item 5:优先考虑auto而非显式类型声明](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/2.Auto/item5.md)
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2. [Item 6:auto推导若非己愿，使用显式类型初始化惯用法](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/2.Auto/item6.md)
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3. 移步现代C++
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1. [Item 7:区别使用()和{}创建对象](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/3.MovingToModernCpp/item7.md)
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2. [Item 8:优先考虑nullptr而非0和NULL](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/3.MovingToModernCpp/item8.md)
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@ -40,39 +40,39 @@
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4. [Item 21:优先考虑使用std::make_unique和std::make_shared而非new](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/4.SmartPointers/item21.md) __由 @pusidun贡献__
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5. [Item 22:当使用Pimpl惯用法，请在实现文件中定义特殊成员函数](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/4.SmartPointers/item22.md) __由 @BlurryLight贡献__
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5. 右值引用，移动语意，完美转发
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1. [Item 23:理解std::move和std::forward](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item23.md) __由 @BlurryLight贡献__
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2. [Item 24:区别通用引用和右值引用](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item24.md) __由 @BlurryLight贡献__
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3. [Item 25:对于右值引用使用std::move，对于通用引用使用std::forward](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item25.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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4. [Item 26:避免重载通用引用](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item26.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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5. [Item 27:熟悉重载通用引用的替代品](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item27.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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6. [Item 28:理解引用折叠](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item28.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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7. [Item 29:认识移动操作的缺点](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item29.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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8. [Item 30:熟悉完美转发失败的情况](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RvalueReferences_MovingSemantics_And_PerfectForwarding/item30.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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1. [Item 23:理解std::move和std::forward](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item23.md) __由 @BlurryLight贡献__
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2. [Item 24:区别通用引用和右值引用](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item24.md) __由 @BlurryLight贡献__
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3. [Item 25:对于右值引用使用std::move，对于通用引用使用std::forward](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item25.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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4. [Item 26:避免重载通用引用](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item26.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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5. [Item 27:熟悉重载通用引用的替代品](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item27.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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6. [Item 28:理解引用折叠](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item28.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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7. [Item 29:认识移动操作的缺点](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item29.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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8. [Item 30:熟悉完美转发失败的情况](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/5.RRefMovSemPerfForw/item30.md)__由 @wendajiang贡献__
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6. Lambda表达式
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1. [Item 31:避免使用默认捕获模式](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.Lambda%20Expressions/item31.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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2. [Item 32:使用初始化捕获来移动对象到闭包中](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.Lambda%20Expressions/item32.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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3. [Item 33:对于std::forward的auto&&形参使用decltype](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.Lambda%20Expressions/item33.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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4. [Item 34:优先考虑lambda表达式而非std::bind](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.Lambda%20Expressions/item34.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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1. [Item 31:避免使用默认捕获模式](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.LambdaExpressions/item31.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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2. [Item 32:使用初始化捕获来移动对象到闭包中](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.LambdaExpressions/item32.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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3. [Item 33:对于std::forward的auto&&形参使用decltype](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.LambdaExpressions/item33.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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4. [Item 34:优先考虑lambda表达式而非std::bind](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/6.LambdaExpressions/item34.md) __由 @LucienXian贡献__
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7. 并发API
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1. [Item 35:优先考虑基于任务的编程而非基于线程的编程](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.The%20Concurrency%20API/Item35.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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2. [Item 36:如果有异步的必要请指定std::launch::threads](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.The%20Concurrency%20API/item36.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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3. [Item 37:从各个方面使得std::threads unjoinable](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.The%20Concurrency%20API/item37.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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4. [Item 38:关注不同线程句柄析构行为](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.The%20Concurrency%20API/item38.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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5. [Item 39:考虑对于单次事件通信使用void](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.The%20Concurrency%20API/item39.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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6. [Item 40:对于并发使用std::atomic，volatile用于特殊内存区](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.The%20Concurrency%20API/item40.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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1. [Item 35:优先考虑基于任务的编程而非基于线程的编程](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.5.TheConcurrencyAPI/Item35.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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2. [Item 36:如果有异步的必要请指定std::launch::threads](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.5.TheConcurrencyAPI/item36.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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3. [Item 37:从各个方面使得std::threads unjoinable](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.5.TheConcurrencyAPI/item37.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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4. [Item 38:关注不同线程句柄析构行为](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.5.TheConcurrencyAPI/item38.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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5. [Item 39:考虑对于单次事件通信使用void](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.5.TheConcurrencyAPI/item39.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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6. [Item 40:对于并发使用std::atomic，volatile用于特殊内存区](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/7.5.TheConcurrencyAPI/item40.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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8. 微调
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1. [Item 41:对于那些可移动总是被拷贝的形参使用传值方式](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/8.Tweaks/item41.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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2. [Item 42:考虑就地创建而非插入](https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/blob/master/8.Tweaks/item42.md) __由 @wendajiang贡献__
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**[PDF格式中文版下载](./translate.public/translate-zh-combine.pdf)**
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# 其他资源
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+ 本书的**[PDF格式中文版](./0.Public/translated/translate-zh-combine.pdf)**，该版本通常同步或者滞后于当前Markdown文档
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+ [Effective C++ Xmind Doc](./0.Public/EffectModernC++.xmind)
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## 贡献者
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感谢所有参与翻译/勘误/建议的贡献者们~
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<a href="https://github.com/kelthuzadx/EffectiveModernCppChinese/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/EffectiveModernCppChinese/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" /></a>
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## 赞助翻译
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🙏 [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/EffectiveModernCppChinese#backer)]
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